you deem it expedient to adopt the spirit stirring scenes of the it, in the actual situation of France first Revolution, in the dungeons and state of general opinion?' of Olmutz, in the untrusted se'No,' replied La Fayette; 'what clusion fixed on him by the Emthe French Nation wants at this pire for whose honors he was too moment is a popular Monarchy, pure, in the disheartening strugsurrounded by republican, purely gles against foreign power and republican, institutions.' It is ministerial duplicity which followexactly as I understand it,' an- ed the Restoration, — sacrificing swered the Prince. This mutual everything, all the cherished prinengagement, which, says La Fay- ciples of his long life, from the unette, may be appreciated at its willing conviction that it was value, but which he hastened to demanded for the peace and make public as embodying the tranquillity of France. Nor was conditions of the new social com- the occasion, the manner in which pact, had the effect of uniting to- the surrender was made, less regether both those who did not markable than the sacrifice itself. wish for a King at all, and those La Fayette stood not in the attiwho wished for any other but a tude of a fortunate soldier, using Bourbon. La Fayette and the the authority of military power to Duc d'Orleans then went to a control the current of the public window hand in hand, and look- deliberations, and throwing his ing out upon the assembled mul- sword into the lighter scale as the titude in the square below, the balance of reason oscillated before People of France as it were in his eyes. He did not occupy the proper person, they waved from position of a popular demagogue, the window a tricolored flag as a Roman Gracchus, or a Flemish the symbol of liberty and concord, Von Artaveldt, pursuing purposes amid the acclamations and ap- so mixed in their nature, that plauses of the congregated men whether private ambition or pubof the Barricades. lic interest predominated it is hard to say, and giving the potent energies of a resistless democracy a direction inward upon the very heart and vitals of their own mother land. He appeared there, on the ancient theatre of the communes of Paris, amid scenes hallowed by the triumphs and saddened by the abuses of freedom, himself the embodied personification of the liberal and republican opinions of France, the representative of a great principle not of a party of men, making sacred stipulations in behalf of that principle, as the condition of suffering the Imagination can hardly picture to itself a more sublime and splendid spectacle than that of this venerable Apostle of Liberty, the good and great La Fayette, treading under foot all aspirations after power in his own person, regardless of the tempting glory of becoming President of a French Republic created by himself, bidding farewell to his party predilections, to the enthusiastic visions of his country's liberty, perhaps, which had cheered him on through his chequered career in the battle fields of America, in liberties of his country to pass under the guardianship of an hereditary prince. In consequence of the proceedings at the Hôtel de Ville, all opposition to the authority of the Lieutenant General ceased. The functions of the Municipal Commission of course came to a close at the same time, and Commissioners were appointed to fill provisionally the several departments of Government. General Gérard was appointed to the department of War, M. Dupont de l'Eure to that of Justice, M. Guizot to the Interior, Baron Louis to that of Finance, and M. de Reinhart to that of Foreign Affairs. When the Duc d'Orleans assumed the executive authority, La Fayette resigned the command of the National Guard, but was prevailed on to accept it again, in order that the New Government might enjoy the sanction of his venerated name. The first measure of the Lieutenant General had been to issue an ordinance containing the single provision:-The French Nation resumes its colors. No other cockade shall henceforth be worn than the tricolored cockade:' thus ratifying the spontaneous act of the citizens, and rendering it a part of the law. At the same time another ordinance appeared for the regular convocation of the two Chambers on the 3d of August, the day originally fixed for that purpose by the dethroned King. Some other incidental measures were taken in accordance with the spirit of the times, of which the most remarkable was an ordinance repealing the numerous condemnations for political offences of the Press, discharging from arrest all persons confined for such offences, remitting their fines and costs, and quashing all pending prosecutions. Meanwhile the ordinary course of private affairs in the city began to be resumed. On Saturday the clerks of the Post Office had returned to their duty, and letters were again received and delivered as usual. Some embarrassments arose in regard to commercial engagements, the discharge of which had been of necessity prevented or suspended during the late political commotions. The Municipal Commission resolved to remedy the difficulty by granting an extension of ten days on all acceptances payable in Paris and falling due between the 26th of July and the 15th of August. In accordance with this regulation, the Tribunal of Commerce issued a decree ratifying the extension of payments, assigning for reason that all commercial transactions having been forcibly suspended and communications interrupted, the regular payment of bills during that period had been rendered wholly impracticable. On Saturday, also, the Bank of France was opened, and most of the private bankers resumed the transaction of business in the ordinary way. The barriers, moreover, were thrown open this day, so as to allow the diligences to proceed as they had done before the Revolution. It is not to be inferred from this that Paris exhibited a peaceful aspect, during these the few days immediately succeeding the contest. Apprehension of possi ble surprise prevented the remo- license, which naturally offer themselves at such a period. The Government lost no time, however, in providing a regular military force, for the protection of the public liberties against whatever aggression. Twenty regiments of the National Guard were organized without delay, the lists being filled up with a rapidity, which assured the minds of the most timid, that defenders would not be wanting to sustain the Government, either against popular outrage or the efforts of the dethroned family and their partisans. In fact, soldiers of all descriptions came in continually to join the popular ranks, many of them veterans of the old army, who were treated with peculiar respect on all hands. An occasion speedily occurred, as we shall presently see, for testing the spirit and resolution of the citizens. val of the barricades, so that an invading foe would have found the streets unpaved, the houses embattled, and obstructions of every conceivable kind thrown up in the great thoroughfares. As a measure of salubrity, the inhabitants made gutters in the streets, to carry off the stagnant water without endangering the barricades. The principal avenues were continually crowded with persons going about from curiosity, or with assemblages of armed men of every variety of dress, equipments, and weapons. During the evening the absence of the street lamps was supplied by lights in the windows. Sentinels were of course stationed at all the important points, consisting partly of the soldiers of the National Guard, and partly of the ordinary armed citizens, whose only title of service was their participation in the victory of the Barricades. The Palace of the Tuileries was purposely left in charge of the brave men, who had driven the Royal Guards before them on Thursday, and gained possession of its halls at the point of the bayonet; so that rough clad and irregularly armed citizens took the place of the trim sentinels, who formerly guarded its precincts. Amid all these indications of pending insurrection, with all the populace of Paris and its environs thronging the streets, and the poorest artisans in arms for the cause of freedom, the most absolute respect of private property was exhibited, notwithstanding the abundant opportunities of the movement in that city, were Our narrative of the events of the Revolution has been confined thus far to Paris. There in fact the contest, in a military point of view, began and ended. But it is to be understood that identically the same feeling existed in the departments, where the receipt of the Ordinances was followed by a simultaneous rising of the inhabitants, and the organization of insurrection just as in Paris. In some of the great cities, especially Rouen and Nantes, the popular enthusiasm broke out into open resistance, before it was known what steps would be taken at the metropolis. It was the same at Lyons. The large towns around Paris, if they did not anticipate not backward in following it up. It was not Paris, which produced the Revolution. The whole Nation was animated with but one sentiment, which produced a unanimity of action, as decided and marked as if it had been the result of concert, although it is perfectly certain that the publication of the Ordinances was wholly unexpected, and therefore could not have been prepared for, in such a way as to produce the universal movement of resistance, which actually took place. Troops had been ordered to Paris from the camp at Saint Omer. They advanced as far as Poix, a village two or three days' march from Paris, where they halted, and on receiving orders to that effect from General Gérard in the name of the provisional government, they marched back to Saint Omer under new colors, the soldiers having of their own motion procured tri-colored cockades from Paris by the diligences. A division stationed at Versailles under General Bordesoulle, had commenced its march for Paris in support of Marshal Marmont, but turned back on learning the evacuation of Paris, intending to return to its old quarters. Meanwhile the National Guard of Versailles had got under arms, and threatened to exclude the troops; but, after some negotiation between the two parties, they came to an amicable understanding, and the soldiers entered Versailles amid cries of Vive la Charte! In truth the events of Thursday had limited the Kingdom of Charles Tenth to the Château of Saint Cloud, and the great avenues around it, which the defeated soldiers of the Guard continued to occupy. When the Duc de Raguse retired to Saint Cloud, nothing could exceed the consternation which his appearance there, followed by the flying troops, produced on the royal conspirators assembled at the Château. Such was the excess of their infatuation, that they had not dreamed of the possibility of so untoward an event, and the intelligence of defeat and rout came upon them with the stunning suddenness of a clap of thunder. The weak minded Dauphin was roused into a sort of phrenzy, on seeing the Duc de Raguse. Breaking out in the most insulting language towards Marmont, the Dauphin ordered him under arrest, and seizing on his sword, endeavored to break it across the pummel of his saddle so precipitately as to cut himself in the act of doing it. Soon afterwards the deputation sent to treat with the insurgents came back from the Hôtel de Ville, with tidings that the offer of accommodation was too late, and that Charles had nothing to expect from the voluntary act of his late subjects. To be restored to power, he must continue the appeal to arms. But it was conclusively shown by the declaration and conduct of the troops, that they had no disposition to protract the struggle. They were fatigued with their exertions, and disheartened by want of food and other necessaries, and by the conviction that they were on the wrong side. We may imagine, better than we can describe, the agony of disappointment, chagrin, and self-reproach, which at this hour must have borne down the royal family, and such of the partisans of coups d'état as still clung to the fallen monarch. The King halted at Versailles, taking up his quarters in the Trianon, a small royal residence in the Park of Versailles, where the royal family and the Ministers met for the last time. From Versailles he continued onward to Rambouillet, a village ten leagues from Paris, where there is a hunting Château belonging to the crown. Here a camp was formed with the ostensible purpose of making a stand. But on Sunday the 1st of August information was brought to the Court of the pro gard to the Duc d'Orleans; and the next day Charles and the Dauphin addressed a communication to the Lieutenant General, renouncing their rights in favor of the Duc de Bordeaux, and charging the Duc d'Orleans to cause the accession of Henry V. to be proclaimed. Meanwhile the jewels of the crown had been withdrawn from their place of deposit Notwithstanding the desperate state of things at Saint Cloud, an effort was made on Friday to place the Château in a state of defence. Battalions of the Guard were posted along the roads leading to Saint Cloud from Paris and Versailles. Addresses ceedings of the day before in reto the soldiers from the revolutionary Government were largely circulated, inviting them to abandon the King. These overtures were favorably received by the troops of the Line, a whole regiment of which piled their arms, and marched off to Paris;-but a principle of honor kept the Guards together, conscious as they were of the hopelessness of the royal cause, and subjected to many in Paris early in the last week, privations, which the King wanted disposition or power to relieve. Indeed, Charles, instead of having the means of molesting the Parisians, now began to be seriously alarmed for his own safety, as reports reached him that the victorious bourgeois began to prepare for attacking him at Saint Cloud. At three o'clock on the morning of Saturday, the royal family, with the Ministers and other persons who remained attached to the Court, left Saint Cloud in the midst of the household troops, who resolved to protect the King against the citizens, determining at the same time not to engage in any hostilities of their own accord. and were now under the control of Charles. To the act of abdication no other answer was given but to despatch a Commission, consisting of Marshal Maison, M. de Schonen, and M. Odillon Barrot, to demand the regalia and require the royal family to hasten their departure from the Kingdom. The King refused to see the Commission, and instead of disposing himself to comply with their injunctions, caused the Guards to be sounded as to their willingness to retire to La Vendée and repeat the struggle of the former Revolution. But neither the officers nor the soldiers would listen to any such scheme. The |