and the following greater novelties are named:

A new kind of woollen cloth manufactured like felt without being either spun or woven. Shirting manufactured of Sea Island cotton with a round thread, resembling linen in appearance; strong water proof cloth, which may be made into boots and shoes; leather browned with copper, a new invention; hair cloth, the manufacture of which is lately introduced. The exhibition of the present year is thought to be much superior to that of the last.

THE DELAWARE AND HUDSON RAIL ROAD is now in operation, and two packet boats, with suitable accommodations, commenced running from Kingston to Honesdale, on the 7th of October. The company is said to have thirty boats engaged in the transportation of coal.

THE ONEIDA INDIANS.-A treaty was concluded at the capitol between the Christian parties of this tribe and the Executive of the State, by which they dispose of their lands in the county of Madison, south of the Seneca turnpike, and will remove to Green Bay, where a part of the tribe is already settled.

The legislature assembled on the 4th of January and Wm. M. Oliver having been elected president pro tem. of the senate, and Erastus Root, speaker of the house, adjourned to the next day, when the acting Governor E. T. Throop transmitted his annual message.

By this document it appeared that during the year 1829, there were 4 convictions for murder, in each of which executions took place, and 28 convicts, confined in the state prison, were pardoned.

Of the 627 prisoners in Auburn state prison, 81 are confined a second timeand 57 of the 584 convicts at Sing Sing. A large proportion of these are boys, for petit larceny. The convicts at Auburn do more than support themselves and pay the expenses of their safe keeping. The amount of cost, &c. is not given.

In 1825, there were 819 insane persons in the state; but by the excellent treatment in the Lunatic Asylum at New York, only one out of 60 or 70 persons under care, was in close confinement.

The capital of the common school fund, is $1,661, 081 in productive stocks, &c, and 839,000 acres of land. The returns show that 480,325 children, between the ages of 5 and 16, have been taught at these schools an average of eight months in the year!-increase in

The public money

the year 12,120. paid on account of these schools, was 214,840 dollars-100,000 from the funds, and the rest from taxes on the several districts, or particular funds held by towns for this noble purpose.

The general fund of the state on the 30th November, 1828, amounted to $1,629,985-which produced a revenue in 1829 of 117,550-other receipts 55,000, together 172,550; but the expenses of the year amounted to 291,500. The deficiency was supplied by a transfer of funds, and making the general fund indebted therefor, &c. 120,000 acres of land belong to the latter fund.

The state owes no debt except on ac. count of the canals.

The ordinary expenses of the present year are estimated at 264,000-there is due from the general fund to the literature and common school fund 158,365; whole sum to be provided for $422,365. The revenue, proper, is estimated at 306,393. The balance, it is suggested, may be paid by selling bank stock or collecting bonds and mortages. There appears to have been a deficiency in the regular revenue for several years past.

The deficiency in the revenue since the year 1827, have been supplied, solely from the balance then in the treasury, and by the consumption of the principal of the general fund.

On the 30th November, 1828, the balance in the treasury had been expended, $20,000, of the canal stock, belonging to the general fund, had been sold and expended, and the treasury was indebted $68,837, for the expenses of the preced. ing year.

The consumption in the year 1828, beyond the receipts into the treasury, was as follows, to wit:Balance in the treasury 30th November, 1827, Canal stock sold,

Claims upon the treasury,

$115,028 20,000 68,837

And by the subsequent receipts of the principal of debts, the general fund is now reduced as above stated to the sum of $1,309,267, leaving claims upon the treasury for the balance of expenditures for the last year to a considerable amount. By the foregoing brief view of its finances, it will be seen that the general fund is rapidly diminishing; that reliance for meeting fature calls upon the treasury, to defray the current expenses of the government, is principally upon the government debtors; and that an active collection of those debts must be immediately commenced. Iftaxation is delayed a few years, the general fund will be entirely exhausted, and it will be necessary then to provide by tax, for the whole amount of the annual expenditures.

The present amount of the canal debt is 7,708,013"-the gross revenue from the canals in 1829, was 790,983-the superintendence, repairs and improve ments cost 310,099, leaving 387,035 to pay the interest on the whole debt, and a surplus of 93,849 to be applied to the reduction of the principal-increased by the auction duties 209,052, duties on salt 140,844, other sources 27.781-total $471,526 for extinguishment of the debt. The tolls and duties just mentioned are pledged to the payment of the canal debt, and cannot be directed to any other purpose, until such debt is paid. There belongs to the Oswego canal fund from 150 to 200,000 dollars, in bonds, &c. for lands sold. This money, as collected, will be applied to the principal of the debt.

Surveys and estimates have been made in reference to the Chenango, Chemung and Crooked Lake canals, which the canal commissioners are authorized to construct on certain conditions.

the erection of fortifications on Staten Island, which are now in a state of decay. It is proposed to sell these works to the general government, it being within the plan of defending the harbor and city of New York to erect batteries on the Island named.

By certain treaties with parties of the Oneida Indians lately concluded, New York has become possessed of 3,470 acres of valuable land, in the heart of the State. The former possessors had emigrated to Green Bay.

The revised statutes are now in full operation, and Gov. Throop congratulates the people, that the laws are clothed in plain language, collected and arranged under proper heads, amended in many respects, and put into a shape adapted to a long continuance.'

Το

The Governor observes in relation to the unfortunate controversy between this State and New Jersey, respecting the boundary line, that, it still continues to excite much feeling, and has been productive of some violence between citizens of the respective states. bring the question of right to a legal decision, New Jersey has seen fit to institute a suit against this state in the United States Court. I have employed able counsel to assist the attorney-general; and they, on consultation, have come to the conclusion, that under existing laws, that Court cannot take cognizance of the cause, and have therefore declined to appear. It is certainly desirable that this source of irritation between us and our sister state, should cease to exist; and I respectfully submit it to your wisdom to devise suitable measures for its removal.'

Reports were made to the legislature during the sessions by the various officers showing the following statistical

FINANCES.--The aggregate amount of the General Fund is $1,312,284_86 — The estimated revenue for the ensuing year is $113,500.

The Capital of the Common School Fund is $1,746,743 66. The estimated revenue for 1831, is $101,550.

The capital of the Literature Fund $256,343 52.-The revenue is estimated at $16,620.

The following is a brief abstract of the state of the Treasury: The whole receipts into

the treasury for the year ending 30th Nov. last,

amount to

$1,993,629 11

the whole number of children between the ages of 5 and 16. From this estimate the children instructed in the cities of New York and Albany are excluded, as an enumeration of those between 5 and 16 in those cities is not required or obtained by the law.

The number of children between 5 and 16 has increased 19,257 since the last annual report; and the number of children taught in the common schools of this state, has increased 11,836 during the same period.

There are one hundred and sixteen towns in the state, in each of which more than one thousand scholars are instructed; several towns report between fifteen hundred and two thousand, and a few large towns make returns of more than two thousand scholars taught annually. There are sixtyeight towns, in which more than twenty schools are organized in each; several of these contain more than thirty. The general average of the number of districts, including all the towns, is 11 for each town in the state. The average number of scholars instructed in the districts from which returns have been received, is a fraction less than fiftyeight for each school.

This estimate, as well as that relating to the number of children instructed, is based upon the whole number of scholars on the rolls of the schools, without reference to the time which each scholar has attended. And it is not to be understood that each one of the 480,000 scholars returned has had eight months' instruction during the year; but that this is the aggregate number of scholars on the rolls of the schools, and receiving more or less instruction; and that 8,252 schools have been kept open for the reception of scholars, on an average period of eight out of the twelve months.

The first returns under the present school system were made in 1816. There were reported in that year 2,631 schools, in which 140,106 children were instruct ed. The increase in the number of schools returned,has been 5661 in fourteen years, and the increase of number of scholars instructed, has been 339,935, in the same period. The number of children returned in 1816 between 5 and 15, was 176,949; the increase since that time has been 291,808. The school act was revised in 1819, new forms were adopted and published, and new energy was given to the whole system. In 1821 the system was in fair operation; and since that period, the average annual increase of the children between 5 and 15 has been about 16,500; and the average in

crease of the number of scholars instructed has been about 19,500 each year, for the last ten years.

During the year 1829, two hundred and fourteen thousand eight hundred and forty dollars and fourteen cents, have been paid to the several school districts which have made reports. Of this sum $100,000 were paid from the state treasury: $102,934 66 were raised by a tax upon the several towns; and 11,00548 were derived from a local fund possessed by certain towns.

The public money apportioned to the districts, is less by 17,503 07 cents, than the amount paid last year. This diminution has been occasioned by want of authority in the revised statutes to levy the additional school tax, in pursuance of a vote of the towns. The provision giv ing this authority to town meetings was transferred by the revision from the state relating to schools, to chapter II. relating to powers, duties and privileges of towns, which was not in force until the first of the present month.

The productive capital of the common school fund now amounts to $1,661,081 24 cents. The revenue actually received into the treasury on account of the common school fund for the last year, has been $94,626 25 cents; leaving a deficit in the amount annually distributed of $5,373 78 cents, to be supplied from the general funds of the state. The revenue of the coming year is estimated, by the comptroller, at 109,981 dollars.

A few towns only, made returns the first year; but the abstract of the present year contains returns from seven hundred and twentynine towns and wards, showing a total amount paid by the patrons of the common schools for teachers' wages, of $296,048 44 cents; which, added to the public money, makes an aggregate of $511,888 58 cents, paid for teachers' wages alone, in the common schools of the state. Thus it will be seen that where the state, or the revenue of the school fund, pays one dollar, for teacher's wages, the inhabitant of the town pays, by a tax on his town, and by voluntary contribution in his district, more than four dollars, for the same object. This latter sum of four dollars, is made up in proportion of one dollar assessed upon property, to three dollars paid by the scholar.

NOTE.-Heretofore, the enumeration embraced the children between 5 and 15: Now, it includes those 'over fire and under sixteen.' This being the census of the children in the districts much nearer the number instructed, than in

former years. The same cause gives a much greater increase to the children enumerated, for the year in which the change in the enumeration from 15 to 16 takes place, than the increase in the children instructed.

PAUPERS.-The whole number of town and county paupers relieved or supported during 1829, in the fortyfour counties which have made returns, is 15,506.

The total number of paupers received into the poor houses during the year, 11,515

is

The total number of paupers in the poor houses of thirty seven counties, on the 1st Dec. 1830, was Of this latter number 2,110 were in the New York alms-house, and 2,456 in thirtysix other counties, averaging 68 in each county. Assuming this. average for the eighteen counties which have not a poor house, or have not reported,and it gives 1,224 and would make the total number in the poor houses on the 1st Dec. last, The average number of paupers for the year probably would not exceed the number in the poor houses on the first of December; if so, the total expense of their support, over and above their earnings and the cost of the poor house establishments, at the average cost in those counties from which reports have been received, [$29 92] would be The total cost of the poor house establishments in thirtyfour counties is $184,348 64; averaging $5,627 90 each; taking this average for twenty counties which have not returned the value of their poor houses, and it makes the total expense of the poor houses in all the counties except New York, $303,906 64; add to this the cost of the almshouse establishment in New York $561,500, and it makes the aggregate cost of poor-house estab

4,566

5,790

The document contains a list of twenty counties, in various sections of the state, in each of which the poor-house system has been adopted and is in fair operation. It will be seen by this table, that the average cost of supporting a pauper, over and above his earnings, and making no allowance for the expense of the poor-house establishment, is $29 92 cents per year, or 54 .8 cents per week. The same table shows the proportion which the whole number of paupers relieved, in and out of the poorhouse, bears to the whole population in each county; and exhibits the average in twenty counties to be 1 pauper relieved to 208.6 of the whole number of souls. In another column is exhibited