lowed the term of six months to the merchants residing on the coasts and in the ports of each other, and the term of one year, to those who dwell in the interior, to arrange their business, and transport their effects wherever they please, giving to them the safe conduct necessary for it, which may serve as a sufficient protection until they arrive at the designated port. The citizens and subjects of all other occupations, who may be established in the territories or dominions of the United States, and of the Empire of Brazil, shall be respected and maintained in the full enjoyment of their personal liberty and property, unless their particular conduct shall cause them to forfeit this protection, which in consideration of humanity, the contracting parties engage to give them. ART. 26. Neither the debts due from the individuals of the one nation to the individuals of the other, nor shares nor money, which they may have in public funds, nor in public or private banks, shall ever in any event of war or national difference be sequestrated or confiscated. ART. 27. Both the contracting parties being desirous of avoiding all inequality in relation to their public communications and official intercourse, have agreed and do agree, to grant to their Envoys, Ministers, and other public Agents, the same favors, immunities and exemptions, which those of the most favored nation do, or shall enjoy; it being understood, that whatever favors, immunities, or privileges, the United States of America, or the Empire of Brazil may find it proper to give the Ministers and Public Agents of any other power, shall, by the same act, be extended to those of each of the contracting parties. ART. 28. To make more effectual the protection which the United States and the Empire of Brazil shall afford in future to the navigation and commerce of the citizens and subjects of each other, they agree to receive and admit Consuls and Vice-Consuls in all the ports open to foreign commerce, who shall enjoy in them all the rights, prerogatives, and immunities, of the Consuls, and Vice-Consuls of the most favored nations: each contracting party, however, remaining at liberty to except those ports and places in which the admission and residence of such Consuls may not seem convenient. ART. 29. In order that the Consuls and Vice-Consuls of the two contracting parties, may enjoy the rights, prerogatives, and immunities, which belong to them, by their public character, they shall before entering on the exercise of their functions, exhibit their commissions or patent in due form, to the government to which they are accredited and having obtained their exequatur, they shall be held and considered as such, by all the authorities, magistrates, and inhabitants, in the consular district in which they reside. : ART. 30. It is likewise agreed, that the Consuls, their Secretaries, officers, and persons attached to the service of Consuls, they not being citizens or subjects of the country, in which the Consul resides, shall be exempt from all public service, and also from all kinds of taxes, imposts, and contri- more effectually protecting their butions, except those which they commerce and navigation, the two shall be obliged to pay on account contracting parties do hereby of commerce, or their property, agree as soon hereafter, as cirto which the citizens or subjects cumstances will permit them, to and inhabitants, native and foreign, form a Consular Convention, of the country in which they re- which shall declare specially the side are subject; being in every- powers and immunities of the thing besides subject to the laws Consuls and Vice-Consuls of the of their respective States. The respective parties. archives and papers of the Consulate shall be respected inviolably, and under no pretext whatever, shall any magistrate seize or in any way interfere with them. ART. 31. The said Consuls shall have power to require the assistance of the authorities of the country, for the arrest, detention and custody of deserters from public and private vessels of their country, and for that purpose they shall address themselves to the courts, judges, and officers competent, and shall demand the said deserters in writing, proving by an exhibition of the registers of the vessels or ship's roll, or other public documents, that those men were part of said crews; and on this demand so proved, (saving however, where the contrary is proved,) the delivery shall not be refused. Such deserters, when arrested, shall be put at the disposal of said Consuls, and may be put in the public prison, at the request and expense of those who reclaim them, to be sent to the ships to which they belonged, or to others of the same nation. But if they be not sent back within two months, to be counted from the day of their arrest, they shall be set at liberty, and shall no more be arrested for the same cause. ART. 32. For the purpose of ART. 33. The United States of America, and the Emperor of Brazil desiring to make as durable as circumstances will permit, the relations which are to be established between the two parties by virtue of this treaty, or general convention of peace, amity, commerce and navigation, have declared solemnly and do agree to the following points: 1st. The present treaty shall be in force for twelve years from the date hereof, and further until the end of one year after either of the contracting parties shall have given notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same: each of the contracting parties reserving to itself the right of giving such notice to the other, at the end of said term of twelve years: and it is hereby agreed between them, that on the expiration of one year after such notice shall have been received by either, from the other party, this treaty in all the parts relating to commerce and navigation, shall altogether cease and determine, and in all those parts which relate to peace and friendship, it shall be permanently and perpetually binding on both powers. 2dly. If any one or more of the citizens or subjects of either party shall infringe any of the articles of this treaty, such citizen by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and by the Emperor of Brazil, and the ratifications shall be exchanged within eight months from the date of the signature hereof, or sooner if possible. or subject shall be held personally responsible for the same, and the harmony and good correspondence between the nations shall not be interrupted thereby; each party engaging in no way to protect the offender, or sanction such violation. 3dly. If (which indeed cannot be expected,) unfortunately, any of the articles contained in the present treaty, shall be violated or infringed in any way whatever, it is expressly stipulated, that neither of the contracting parties will order or authorize any acts of reprisal, nor declare war against the other, on complaints of injuries or damages until the said party considering itself offended, shall first have presented to the other a statement of such injuries or damages, verified by competent proof, and demanded justice and satisfaction, and the same shall have been either refused, or unreasonably delayed. 4thly. Nothing in this treaty contained shall however, be construed to operate contrary to former and existing public treaties with other sovereigns or states. In faith whereof we the Plenipotentiaries of the United States of America and of his Majesty the Emperor of Brazil have signed and sealed these presents. Done in the City of Rio de Jeneiro, this twelfth day of the month of December, in the year of our Lord Jesus. Christ, one thousand eight hundred and twentyeight. (Signed) W. TUDOR, MIGUEL de SOUZA MELLO e ALVIM. MARQUEZ de ARACATY The said Treaty or general Convention was duly ratified on both parts, and the respective ratifications of the same were exchanged, at Washington, by James A. Hamilton, Acting Secretary of State of the United States, and the Chevalier Je. Silvestre Rebello, Chargé d'Affaires of His Majesty the Emperor of Brazil, on the part of their respective Governments, on the 18th of The present treaty of peace, amity, commerce and navigation, shall be approved and ratified by the President of the United States, March, 1829. Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between the United States of America, and his Majesty the King of Prussia. THE United States of America, sire of maintaining the relations and his Majesty the King of Prus- of good understanding, which sia, equally animated with the de- have hitherto so happily subsisted between their respective States, ting to the laws and ordinances of extending, also, and consolida- there prevailing. ting the commercial intercourse ART. 2. Prussian vessels arrivbetween them; and convinced ing either laden or in ballast in the that this object cannot better be ports of the United States of Ameraccomplished, than by adopting ica; and, reciprocally, vessels of the system of an entire freedom the United States arriving either of navigation, and a perfect reci- laden, or in ballast, in the ports procity, based upon principles of of the kingdom of Prussia, shall equity equally beneficial to both be treated, on their entrance, countries, and applicable in time during their stay, and at their deof peace, as well as in time of parture, upon the same footing as war, have, in consequence, agreed national vessels, coming from the to enter into negotiations for the same place, with respect to the conclusion of a treaty of naviga- duties of tonnage, light-houses, pition and commerce, for which lotage, salvage, and port charges, purpose the President of the as well as to the fees and perquiUnited States has conferred full sites of public officers, and all powers on Henry Clay, their other duties and charges, of whatSecretary of State; and his Ma- ever kind or denomination, levied jesty the King of Prussia has in the name, or to the profit, of conferred like powers on the Sieur the government, the local authoriLudwig Niederstetter, Chargé ties, or of any private establishd'Affaires of his said Majesty near ment whatsoever. the United States; and the said Plenipotentiaries having exchanged their said full powers, found in good and due form, have concluded and signed the following articles: ART. 1. There shall be between the territories of the high contracting parties, a reciprocal liberty of commerce and navigation. The inhabitants of their respective States shall, mutually, have liberty to enter the ports, places, and rivers of the territories of each party, wherever for eign commerce is permitted. They shall be at liberty to sojourn and reside in all parts whatsoever of said territories, in order to attend to their affairs, and they shall enjoy, to that effect, the same security and protection as natives of the country wherein they reside, on condition of their submit ART. 3. All kind of merchandise and articles of commerce, either the produce of the soil or the industry of the United States of America, or of any other country, which may be lawfully imported, into the ports of the kingdom of Prussia, in Prussian vessels, may, also, be so imported in vessels of the United States of America, without paying other or higher duties or charges, of whatever kind or denomination, levied in the name, or to the profit of the government, the local authorities, or of any private establishment whatsoever, than if the same merchandise or produce had been imported in Prussian vessels. And, reciprocally, all kinds of merchandise and articles of commerce, either the produce of the soil or of the industry of the kingdom of Prussia, or of any other country, which may be lawfully imported into the ports of the United States, in vessels of the said States, may, also, be so imported in Prussian vessels, without paying other or higher duties or charges, of whatever kind or denomination, levied in the name, or to the profit of the government, the local authorities, or of any private establishments whatsoever, than if the same merchandise or produce had been imported in vessels of the United States of America. ART. 4. To prevent the possibility of any misunderstanding, it is hereby declared that the stipulations contained in the two preceding articles, are, to their full extent, applicable to Prussian vessels, and their cargoes, arriving in the ports of the United States of America; and, reciprocally, to vessels of the said States and their cargoes, arriving in the ports of the kingdom of Prussia, whether the said vessels clear directly from the ports of the country to which they respectively belong, or from the ports of any other foreign country. ART. 5. No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the United States, of any article, the produce or manufacture of Prussia; and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the kingdom of Prussia, of any article, the produce or manufacture of the United States, than are, or shall be, payable on the like article, being the produce or manufacture of any other foreign country. Nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the importation or exportation of any article the produce or manufacture of the United States, or of Prussia, to or from the ports of the United States, or to or from the ports of Prussia, which shall not equally extend to all other nations. ART. 6. All kinds of merchandise and articles of commerce, either the produce of the soil or of the industry of the United States of America, or of any other country, which may be lawfully exported from the ports of the said United States, may, also, be exported therefrom in Prussian vessels, without paying other or higher duties or charges, of whatever kind or denomination, levied in the name, or to the profit of the Government, the local authorities, or of any private establishments whatsoever, than if the same merchandise or produce had been exported in vessels of the United States of America. An exact reciprocity shall be observed in the ports of the kingdom of Prussia, so that all kind of merchandise and articles of commerce, either the produce of the soil or the industry of the said kingdom, or of any other country, which may be lawfully exported from Prussian ports in national vessels, may also be exported therefrom in vessels of the United States of America, without paying other or higher duties or charges of whatever kind or denomination, levied in the name, or to the profit of the Government, the local authorities, or of any private establishments whatsoever, than if the same merchandise or produce had been exported in Prus sian vessels, |