the crops of the country were never more promising, and the tide of immigration increased. Mexican invasion was still threatened, hut it had become a by-word among the people.

Texas was assured not only by the election of Polk to the presidency of the United States that she had a host of friends still working for annexation, but Andrew Jackson, in letters to President Houston, exhorted him to keep his government prepared for it. Texas was resolved that if annexation was effected it should involve no further humiliation to herself.

WAR OF THE REGULATORS AND THE MODERATORS, v

About this time culminated the "war of the Regulators and Moderators " in the Teneha country on the eastern border, where feuds had existed, and, from an occasional act of bloodshed, parties had organized and taken the law into their own hands, and it became an open war.

At the end of two or three years, in the summer of 1844, after about fifty had been killed on each side, President Houston ordered out the militia. In person he assembled the leaders of both parties, earnestly addressed them, and demanded that they should resume their relations as neighbors and law-abiding citizens. He triumphed, and each party kept the faith. And thus ended this neighborhood feud.

Questions.—With whom did the first proposition for peace with Mexico originate? When? Who was he? How was the matter brought forward? What did his plans involve? How were they received-in Texas? In what respects would Robinson's plans have suited Great Britain? Why was the United States jealous? What warning did Andrew Jackson give Houston? In what position did Texians stand toward each other? How did many regard annexation? In what way was the armistice brought about? What word did the Texians receive on July 24th? In the correspondence how was Texas considered? What did President Tyler say regarding the annexation of Texas? Why did Houston take no public action upon the armistice? How were the recent advances of the United States received? How did those who favored annexation feel? What was learned by the Texian Congress? What was demanded of the President of Texas on that day? What was Houston's reply? What was especially feared in Texas 1 What did Jackson write January 23, 1844? In what connection was James Pinkncy Hendereon sent to Washington? What was the feding of the friendlv foreign powers on the subject? How was it regarded by Mexico? Relate the fate of the treaty How did Texas feel regarding the rejection of the treaty? What was the effect in Mexico? What were now the relations between the United States and Mexico . What did Texas resolve? What greatly contributed to these results? Of what was Texas assured t Upon what were the people determined? What disturbed the peace of a portion of the country at this time t How long did it continue?

CHAPTER LVI.

ELECTION OF PRESIDENT—ANNEXATION—STATE
GOVERNMENT.

On the first Monday in September, 1844, Dr. Anson Jones, Secretary of State, was elected President over Edward

Burleson, former Vice-
President. Kenneth L.
Anderson was elected Vice-
President. They were in-
augurated on the 9th of
December, 1844, when
President Houston became
a private citizen.

Dr. Jones' election signified an approval of the general policy of the former administration, and also as to the defensive attitude of the Republic towards Anson .tones. Mexico.

ANNEXATION.

James K. Polk was elected President, and George M. Dallas Vice-President of the United States, both warm advocates of annexation. On the 25th of February, 1845, joint resolutions passed the United States House of Representatives by a vote of one hundred and twenty to ninety-eight,

and the Senate by twenty-seven to twenty-five, providing for annexation. The last official act of President Tyler was to give to these resolutions his official sanction.

On the 15th of May President Jones called a convention, to consist of sixty-one delegates, to meet on the following 4th of July, to consider the acceptance of the proposals for annexation. He then called Congress together in extra session to act on the proposition and to give its assent to the convention. Great Britain pledged the recognition of Texian independence by Mexico if the propositions were rejected by Texas.

The consent of Congress was obtained ; the convention was held; the proposals for annexation were accepted; a State constitution was framed; and the two acts were submitted to a vote of the people on the 13th of October, 1845. They were approved by vote of the people, and, on the 29th of December, the laws of the United States and the postal service were extended to Texas.

THE STATE GOVERNMENT.

An election for State officers and members of the Legislature was held in December. General James Pinkney Henderson was elected Governor,* and Alexander C. Horton Lieutenant-Governor.

The newly elected Legislature met in Austin, on the 16th of February ; and on the 19th of February, 1846, the Republic of Texas ceased, and the State of Texas became a member of the American Union. President Anson Jones closed his

* James Pinkney Henderson was a native of North Carolina. Soon after his arrival in Texas, in 1836, President Burnet commissioned him to return to the United States, to raise recruits for the Texian army, in which he succeeded, bringing a company from North Carolina at his own expense. On his return, in November, President Houston appointed him Attorney-General of the Republic. On the death of Stephen F. Austin, Secretary of State, in the following December, General Henderson was appointed to fill his place. In 1837, at twenty-nine years of age, he went as envoy extraordinary and minister eloquent address with the now memorable words: "The Republic of Texas is no more!" General Henderson thereupon took the oath of office as first Governor of the State of Texas. The Legislature elected General Sam Houston and General Thomas J. Rusk to the United States Senate. Timothy Pilsbury of Brazoria, and David S. Kaufman of Nacogdoches, were the first Representatives to the United States Congress.

The first Supreme Judges were John Hemphill (Chief Justice), Ahner S. Lipscomb, and Royal T. Wheeler, Associates. Of the District Courts were Judges William E. Jones, Robert E. B. Baylor, John T. Mills, Anderson Hutchinson, John B. Jones, William B. Ochiltree, Richard Morris, and M. P. Norton.

Questions.—What election! took place in Texas In the fall of 1844? What was the policy of this administration? What were the feelings of the newly elected President and Vice-President of the United States? What was the last olilcial act of President Tyler? What official action was taken in Texas on annexation? What was proposed by Great Britain? What was accomplished How did the State government go into operation?

plenipotentiary from Texas to France and England. At the then brilliant courts of St. James (England) and St. Cloud (France), "he commanded respect for his intelligence, confidence for his fidelity to the objects of his mission, and esteem for the sincerity and nobility of his nature." He succeeded in negotiating commercial treaties between those countries and Texas (a most difficult and delicate mission, considering the condition of the Republic), and also the recognition of Texian independence by those two great powers. In 1844 he was sent to the United States to act in concert with Mr. Van Zandt in negotiating a treaty of annexation to the United States. In the beginning of the war with Mexico in 1846, Texas was called upon for four regiments of volunteers. Governor Henderson commanded them, and led the Second Texas regiment in person in the attack on Monterey. He was recognized as a major-general in the United States service. When Monterey surrendered, General Taylor appointed General Henderson one of the commissioners—Jefferson Davis being also one—to negotiate terms of surrender with Ampudia. At the close of the war he returned to Texas, finished his term as governor, and returned to his profession as a lawyer. In 1857 he was chosen to lill the place of General Rusk, deceased, In the United States Senate, made vacant by the death of that member. His declining health culminated in his death, after having occupied his seat but a short time.

Who was elected governor? When did the new Legislature meet? On what date did Texas cease to be a Republic? Who were the first senators to (he United States? Who were the representatives? Who were the first judges of the Supreme and District Courts?

CHAPTER LVII.

WAR BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO.

As General Zachary Taylor, with United States troops, moved from Corpus Christi towards the Rio Grande opposite Matamoras, a detachment of Mexicans protested against his crossing the Rio Sal Colorado, about twenty-five miles east of the Rio Grande, but refrained from firing. General Taylor effected the crossing, and, having reached the Rio Grande, speedily constructed defensive works opposite Matamoras, which were afterwards named Fort Brown. The scouts which had been sent up the river, under Captain Thornton and Lieutenant Porter, were surprised and captured.

Leaving Major Jacob Brown in command of the new fort, General Taylor moved with the main body of his army down to Point Isabel, to guard back army supplies which had arrived by sea. On his return, at Palo Alto, on the 8th of May, 1846, he encountered and drove back General Arista. A few miles farther on, on the 9th, Arista again disputed his passage at Resaca de la Palma, and a severe battle was fought, in which General Taylor was victorious. At Matamoras a continual bombardment had been kept up on Fort Brown, during which Major Brown was killed. Arista soon abandoned Matamoras, when General Taylor crossed the Rio Grande and took possession.

Colonel John C. Hays commanded a regiment at Monterey, of which Captain Ben McCulloch's celebrated scouts formed a part; Colonel George T. Wood, afterward Governor of Texas, commanded another regiment in the same battle— General Henderson commanding the whole. Colonel Hayes