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29. The rival robbers rode round and round the rough and rugged rocks that rear their hoary heads high in the air.

30. Amidst the mists and coldest frosts, with barest wrists and stoutest boasts, he thrusts his fists against (agenst) the posts, and still insists he sees the ghosts.

31. The thoughtless, helpless, homeless girl did not resent his rudeness and harshness.

32. That blessed and learned man says that that winged thing is striped or streaked.

33. For thee are the chaplets of chainless charity and the chalice of childlike cheerfulness. Change can not change thee: from childhood to the charnel-house, from our first childish chirpings to the chills of the church-yard, thou art our cheery, changeless chieftainess.

34. What whim led White Whitney to whittle, whistle, whis per, and whimper near the wharf, where a floundering whale might wheel and whirl?

35. With horrid howls, he heaved the heavens above.

36. He has prints of an ice-house, an ocean, and wastes and deserts.

37. At that time, the lame man, who began nobly, having made a bad point, wept bitterly.

38. When loud surges lash the sounding shore, the hoarse, rough verse should like the torrent roar.

39. The corporations of the Middle Ages were intended to resist the encroachments of kings and nobles.

40. He had respectable talents, but was formidable to the people from his want of principle, and his readiness to truckle to men in power.

41. Thou laid'st down and slept'st.

42. As thou found'st, so thou keep'st me.

43. He said ceaseth, approacheth, rejoiceth; fall'n, hurl'st, cure'st; halt'st, hint'st, attempt'st; barb'dst, swerv'dst, muzzl'ast; hard'n'dst, black'n'dst, mangl'dst.

44. She authoritatively led us, and disinterestedly labored for us, and we unhesitatingly admitted her reasonableness.

45. A storm ariseth on the sea. A model vessel is struggling amidst the war of elements, quivering and shivering, shrinking and battling like a thinking being. The merciless, racking whirl

winds, like frightful fiends, howl and moan, and send sharp, shrill shrieks through the creaking cordage, snapping the sheets and masts. The sturdy sailors stand to their tasks, and weather the severest storm of the season.

SECTION II.-SYLLABICATION.

1. A SYLLABLE is a word, or part of a word, uttered by a single impulse of the voice.

2. A MONOSYLLABLE is a word of one syllable; as, home.

3. A DISSYLLABLE is a word of two syllables; as, home-less.

4. A TRISYLLABLE is a word of three syllables; as, con-fine-ment.

5. A POLYSYLLABLE is a word of four or more syllables; as, in-no-cen-cy, un-in-tel-li-gi-bil-i-ty.

6. THE ULTIMATE is the last syllable of a word; as ful, in peace-ful.

7. THE PENULT, or penultimate, is the last syllable but one of a word; as māk, in peace-mak-er.

8. THE ANTEPENULT, or antepenultimate, is the last syllable but two of a word; as peace, in peace-mak-er.

9. THE PREANTEPENULT, or preantepenultimate, is the last syllable but three of a word; as mat, in mat-ri-mo-ny FORMATION OF SYLLABLES.

1. A single impulse of the voice can produce but one radical or opening and vanishing or gradually diminishing movement. Since a syllable is produced by a single impulse of the voice, it follows that only such an oral element, or order of oral elements, as gives but one radical and vanish movement, can enter into its formation. As the tonics can not be uttered separately without producing this movement, but one of them can enter into a single syllable; and, as this movement is all that is essential, each of the tonics may, by itself, form a syllable. Consistently with this, we find, whenever two tonies adjoin, they always be

long to separate syllables in pronunciation, as in z-e-ri-al, i-o-ta, o-a-sis,

2. Though elements can not be combined with a view to lengthen a syllable, by the addition of one tonic to another, as this would produce a new and separate impulse, yet a syllable may be lengthened by prefixing and affixing any number of subtonics and atonics to a tonic, that do not destroy its singleness of impulse; as, a, an, and, land, gland, glands.

3. A tonic is usually regarded as indispensable in the formation of a syllable. A few syllables, however, are formed exclusively by subtonics. In the words bidde-n, rive-n, rhyth-m, schis-m fic-kle, i-dle, lit-tle, and words of like construction, the last syllable is either pure subtonic, or a combination of subtonic and atonic. These final syllables go through the radical and vanish movement, though they are far inferior in quality, euphony, and force, to the full display of these properties on the tonics.

In combining the oral elements into syllables, students should carefully observe the following

RULES FOR THE FORMATION OF SYLLABLES.

1. The elements of consonants that commence words should be uttered distinctly, but should not be much prolonged.1

2. Elements that are represented by final consonants should be dwelt upon, and uttered with great distinctness; as,

He accepts the office, and attempts by his acts to conceal his faults.

3. When one word of a sentence ends and the next Degins with the same consonant, or another that is hard to produce after it, a difficulty in utterance arises that should be obviated by dwelling on the final conso

'On this point, Dr. Rush mentions the error of a distinguished actor, who, in order to give force to his articulation, dwelt on the initial letters, as marked in the following lines:

"Canst thou not m-inister to a mind diseased,
Pl-uck from the m-emory a r-ooted sorrow?"

Such mouthing defeats its object.

nant, and then taking up the one at the beginning of the next word, in a second impulse of the voice, without pausing between them; as,

It will pain nobody, if the sad dangler regain neither rope. After erecting a field tent, on that bright day, he wept bitterly.

4. In uttering the elements that are represented by the final consonants b, p, d, t, g, and k, the organs of speech should not remain closed at the several pauses of discourse, but should be smartly separated by a kind of echo; as,

I took down my hat-t, and put it upon my head-d.

5. Unaccented syllables should be pronounced as distinctly as those which are accented: they should merely have less force of voice and less prolongation; as,

The thoughtless, helpless, homeless girl did not resent his rudeness and harshness. Every one says, that avarice did not deter him from paying a liberal price for that rare mineral.

Very many of the prevailing faults of articulation result from a neglect of these rules, especially the second, the third, and the last. He who gives a full and definite sound to final consonants and to unaccented vowels, if he does it without stiffness or for mality, can hardly fail to articulate well.

Let students give the number and names of the syllables, in words of more than one syllable, and tell what rule for the formation of syllables each letter that appears in italics is designed to illustrate, in the following

EXERCISE.

1. THIRTY years ago, Marseilles lay burning in the sun, one day. A blazing sun, upon a fierce August day, was no greater rarity in Southern France then, than at any other time, before or since. Every thing in Marseilles, and about Marseilles, had stared at the fervid sky, and been stared at in return, until a staring habit had become universal there.

2. Strangers were stared out of countenance by staring white houses, staring white walls, staring white streets, staring tracts of arid road, staring hills from which verdure was burnt away. The only things to be seen not firedly staring and glaring were the vines drooping under their load of grapes. These did occa

sionally wink a little, as the hot air barely moved their faint leaves.

3. There was no wind to make a ripple on the foul water within the harbor, or on the beautiful sea without. The line of demarkation between the two colors, black and blue, showed the point which the pure sea would not pass; but it lay as quiet as the abominable pool, with which it never mixed. Boats without awnings were too hot to touch; ships blistered at their moorings; the stones of the quays had not cooled, night or day, for months.

4. The universal stare made the eyes ache. Toward the distant line of Italian coast, indeed, it was a little relieved by light clouds of mist, slowly rising from the evaporation of the sea; but it softened nowhere else. Far away the staring roads, deep in dust, stared from the hillside, stared from the hollow, stared from the interminable plain.

5. Far away the dusty vines overhanging wayside cottages, and the monotonous wayside avenues of parched trees without shade, drooped beneath the stare of earth and sky. So did the horses with drowsy bells, in long files of carts, creeping slowly toward the interior; so did their recumbent drivers, when they were awake, which rarely happened; so did the exhausted laborers in the fields.

6. Every thing that lived or grew was oppressed by the glare; except the lizard, passing swiftly over rough stone walls, and the cicada, chirping his dry hot chirp, like a rattle. The very dust was scorched brown, and something quivered in the atmosphere as if the air itself were panting. Blinds, shutters, curtains, awnings, were all closed and drawn to keep out the stare. Grant it but a chink or keyhole, and it shot in like a white-hot ǎrrow.

7. The churches were freest from it. To come out of the twilight of pillars and arches-dreamily dotted with winking lamps, dreamily peopled with ugly old shadows piously dozing, spitting, and begging-was to plunge into a fiery river, and swim for life to the nearest strip of shade. So, with people lounging and lying wherever shade was, with but little hum of tongues or barking of dogs, with occasional jangling of discordant church bells, and rattling of vicious drums, Marseilles, a fact to be strongly smelt and tasted, lay broiling in the sun one day.

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