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with hungry ferocity to weak and unoffending Mexico, with all the greater intensity because the expansion northwards of the mighty Republic will be stopped by unconquerable Canada.

The absorption of Mexico is not likely to lead to any European complications that would render difficult or impossible the aggression of the American Union. But the case of Cuba is far different, and may involve other European countries besides Spain. An attack upon this island, in addition to its other attractions in American eyes, has in those of the North-which conquered the South, on the plea of its maintenance of negro slavery-the charm of a new crusade for the abolition of that pernicious institution. Cuba, while it remains a Spanish colony, may support slavery; but as a conquered State, finally annexed to the American Union, the doom of slavery within its borders would be pronounced by the President for the time being, supported by the Washington Legislature, amid the sympathies of Great Britain and France, and of all Europe, Russia not excepted. The subject has long been familiar to the American mind as one that demands action, and that will most certainly receive it, sooner or later-if not in the present generation, in the next.

All other questions that imperil the peace and the liberty of the American people sink into insignificance compared with the growing lust of dominion, and the tendency to the concentration of political power at the expense of the free local governments. This is the latent and inherent disease in the system, which, unchecked, must inevitably lead to the downfall of the ultra-democracy that knows not how to restrain itself, and that, in the day of some overwhelming calamity, will seek and find a master or tyrant, and a restrainer. Such has been in all ages and in all countries the doom of an unbridled Democracy. Such must be its doom in America, unless its people take warning in time, and learn to profit by the bitter experience of the past, and shape the present and the future in such a manner as to prove to all men that a brighter and more beneficent era has dawned upon the world in a new hemisphere than ever shed light upon the old. But this dream of a possible Utopia afar off, will not blind the eyes of thoughtful observers in other countries to the superior advantages and greater safety of a wise liberty, guarded and fenced around by the prudent restraint which separates liberty from licence; and that, if it cannot eradicate popular

ignorance, can at all events render it innocuous, by denying it political privileges and power over the fate and fortunes of wiser people, and of the great country to which both the wise and the foolish belong.

INDEX.

"A Summary View of the Rights of
British America," 227.
Abolition of negro slavery by Great
Britain, effect of, in the Northern
States, 376.

ADAMS, JOHN, proposes Washington
for commander-in-chief, 65; elected
first Vice-President, 120; a predic-
tion by, in early life, 144; his early
life, b.; admitted to the Bar in
1758, 145; removes to Boston, and
contributes to Boston Gazette,'
146; defends the British officers
charged with murder, 148; ap-
pointed member of General Con-
gress, 149; seconds the resolution
declaring their independence, 150;
ungenerous treatment of Jefferson,
151; his defence of the Declaration
of Independence, 154 et seq.; his un-
popularity in the South, 156; ap-
pointed commissioner to Paris, 157;
minister plenipotentiary to Great
Britain, ib.; financial agent at the
Hague, 158; appointed minister at
St James's, 160; his opinion of
the Court, 161; his irrepressible
vanity, 162; nominated Vice-Presi-
dent, 166; dismay at French Revol-
ution, 168; elected President, 171;
his exultation, 172; inaugural ad-
dress, 174; jealousy of Jefferson,
176; and plan to get rid of him, 177;
grand ideas of his position, 178 et
seq.; contrasted with Washington,
181; his speech against the French
Directory, 184; predicts a corrupt
government of the future, 191; nom-
inated a second time as President,
196; cause of his defeat, ib.; his un-
courteous conduct to Jefferson, 199;
his private life, 200; singular coinci-
dence at his death, 204.

Adams, Mrs, her account of the official
residence, 194.

Adams, Samuel, candidate for Presi-
dentship, 171.

Adet, M., French minister, denounces
American neutrality, 182.

African slave-trade, aversion to, by
north and east States, 169.
Alien and Sedition laws passed, 185.
American sympathy with Republican
France, 128.

Ames, Fisher, on the dangers from
the growing number of States,

384.

Amusing story by Franklin, 308.
André, Major, hanged as a spy, 100.
Army, standing, dislike to, in America,
185.

Arnold, Benedict, his defection or trea-
son, 100.

Barré, Colonel Isaac, denounces the
Stamp Duties in the House of Com-
mons, 33.

Bernard, Mr, Governor of Massachu-
setts, 44.

Boston citizens forbid the landing of
the tea, 51; they board the ships and
throw the tea into the harbour, 52;
the "Boston Port Bill," 53; city
evacuated by the British, 81; the
"massacre," 147.

Botetourt, Lord, Governor of Virginia,
46; dissolves House of Burgesses,
221.

"Bounty jumping," 397.

Brandywine, defeat of Washington at,

94.

British and French boundary disputes,

16.

Bunker's Hill, battle of, 72.

Burgoyne, General, capitulates to Gen-
eral Gates, 94.

Burke, his estimation of Benjamin
Franklin, 302.

Burr, Aaron, nominated for Vice-
President, 171.

Calhoun, John C., Vice-President un-
der General Jackson, 365; his op-
position to Protection, 367; General
Jackson's threats against, 373.
Canada, desire of United States to an.
nex, 425.

Carlisle, Lord, his commission to

America, 97; his estimate of the
British army, 98.

Carleton, Sir Guy, proclaims cessation
of hostilities, 105.

Central Government, American dislike
to, 116.

Centralisation of power favoured by
Washington, but opposed by Jeffer-
son, 358.

Chatham, Lord, his opinion of pro-
ceedings of Congress, 150; on Benja-
min Franklin, 302.

Chesapeake and Shannon, engagement
between the, 347.

Civil War in America, the real motive
for the, 289, note; its cost, 393;
disadvantages under which the South
fought, 395; immense resources of
the North, 396; high bounties paid,
ib.; peculation and robbery during,
406 et seq.

Clay, Henry, his objections to slavery,
195; introduces Bill for reduction of
duties, 374.

Clinton, George, nomination of, as
President, 171.

Clinton, Sir Henry, fails to relieve
Lord Cornwallis, 103.

Colden, Lieutenant-Governor of New
York, 37.

Colonies, their proposed representation
at Westminster, 305.
'Common Sense,' by Thomas Paine,

237; effect of its publication, ib.
Confederacy of Virginia and North
Carolina proposed, 190.
Congress at New York demands repeal
of Stamp Act, 36.

Connecticut troops, panic among, at
New York, 87.

Convention of the Colony formed, 225.
Conway, General, his Bill for repeal of
Stamp Act, 41.

Cornwallis, Lord, takes Yorktown,

101; surrenders with his whole
force, 103.

Corrupt government predicted by
Adams and Jefferson, 191.
Criminals, leniency to, by popularly
elected judges in America, 404.
Cuba, American designs against, 364,

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and R. R. Livingston, 84, 150, 151;
defence of, by John Adams, 152 et
seq.; almost entirely the production
of Jefferson, 238; trivial alterations
by Adams and Franklin, ib.
Democratic form of government, 355;
virtue and intelligence necessary in
the people, 356; some of the evils of
ultra-democracy, 402.

'Discourses on Davila,' by John
Adams, 167.

Dunmore, Earl of, Governor of Vir-
ginia, dissolves House of Burgesses,
225; carries off gunpowder from
Williamsburg, 232, 325.

Eastern Confederacy, formation of,
threatened, 339.

Ellsworth, Oliver, nominated as Presi-
dent, 171; on right of secession, 188.
Elocution, a Scotsman's objection to
encouragement of, 299.

Fabian policy adopted by Washington,
70.

Fairfax, Hon. William, 9.

Fairfax, Lord, friendship with Washing-
ton, 9 et seq.; his love of field sports,
12; Greenway Court, 13; a contrib-
utor to the Tatler,' 14.

Fanueil Hall, convention held in, 44.
"Federal" party, the, 125.
Federal Union formed, 62; enlistment
of troops, &c., ordered, 63.
Federalists or Northern party, 171.
Fort Duquesne, failure of attack on,
by Major Grant, 24; evacuated, and
taken possession of by Washington,
25; named Fort Pitt, 26.

Fort Sumter attacked by General Rip-
ley, 392.

France, waning of her power in Amer-
ica, 24; sends fleet to assist Wash-
ington's army, 98; combined naval
and military armament despatched
to America by, 99; army under Ro-
chambeau joins Washington, 101;
withdraws her forces, 105; declara-
tion of war against Great Britain,
128; treaty of peace with Great
Britain, 158; declines to receive Mr
Pinckney as minister from United
States, 184; sells Louisiana to Amer-
ica, 272.

FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN, appointed agent
of Pennsylvania to England, 32; ex-
amined at Bar of the House, 40, 301;
his humble origin, 293; his life as a
printer, 294 et seq.; success of 'Poor
Robin's Almanack,' 296; his style
as an author, 297; his usefulness in
Philadelphia, 298; elected to Legis-
lative Assembly, ib.; agent-general

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