lines of defense, teeming with concrete machine-gun emplacement, from which they could sweep and enfilade the whole front. After severe fighting the 12th Battalion, Cheshire Regiment, and the 9th Battalion, South Lancashire Regiment, supported by the 8th Battalion, King's Shropshire Light Infantry, succeeded in reaching the third line of trenches.

At this point they came under devastating machine-gun fire, and, unable to make further progress, were eventually compelled to fall back to their original position. In their heroic attempt they had lost about 65 per cent. of their strength, including Lieut. Col. the Hon. A. R. Clegg Hill, D. S. O., and Lieut. Col. B. F. Bishop, M. C., who fell at the head of their battalions. In the centre Hellenic and Welsh troops together assaulted the network of hills and trenches between the "P" Ridge and Grand Couronne, and penetrated to a depth of about one mile. Severe loss was inflicted on the enemy, who offered a desperate resistance, supported by a heavy machine-gun fire from immensely strong emplacements blasted in the solid rock. In spite of this the lower slopes of Grand Couronne were reached. But the lack of success on the "P" Ridge made it impossible to retain the ground so hardly won, and the battalions gradually fell back to their former lines.

Apart from the prospect of a local advance it was essential to the progress of the Serbian Army that none of the enemy reserves which had been attracted to the Doiran-Vardar front should be diverted elsewhere. General Milne therefore gave orders that all the ground won should be held, and that the attack west of the lake should be renewed next morning with all available troops. Accordingly, at 5 A. M. Greek and Scottish troops moved forward against the enemy's positions on the lower slopes of Grand Couronne. Again, in spite of the intense machine-gun fire, they succeeded in reaching their objective at many points. Several of the intermediate works were captured and held against determined counterattacks. Unfortunately, on the left the allied troops at their position of assembly had come under heavy barrage,

and could make no further progress. In spite of this the 65th Infantry Brigade, which had moved up rapidly during the night from an influenza observation camp, twice gallantly tried alone to capture the "P" Ridge, but were driven back by overwhelming fire from the enemy's machine guns. The effect was that the troops in the centre found their left flank exposed. Their right was also threatened, and they were compelled to fall back, stubbornly fighting the whole way.

THE ENEMY'S RETIREMENT

The results of these stubbornly contested operations were to be seen in the course of the next few days. By the morning of the 21st the Franco-Serbian Army had reached the line GradistaBasava-Dragosil and the heights of Porca, dominating the Vardar, thus turning the flank of the enemy in General Milne's front and cutting his communications down the Vardar Valley. By noon it was plain that a hurried retirement on the Doiran front had begun. The depots at Hudova, Cestova, and other places behind the lines were observed to be in flames, and numerous explosions showed that ammunition depots were being everywhere blown up. The observers of the Royal Air Force reported that the Kosturino Pass on the Strimitsa road, the only good line of retreat now open to the enemy, was blocked by masses of men and transport moving northward. The pilots of the Royal Air Force, flying low, took full advantage of this opportunity. They bombed the Bulgar columns and shot down men and animals with their machine guns, causing heavy casualties and a confusion that bordered on panie. During the evening patrols reported that the advanced trenches of the enemy were empty. Before dawn on the 22d the whole of the army was on the move. Close touch was kept with the hostile rear guards, which, well supplied with mountain and machine guns, did all they could to delay their pursuers.

The first of the Allies to enter Bulgaria was the Derbyshire Yeomanry, early on the morning of Sept. 25. These were the leading troops of the 16th

Corps, under Lieut. Gen. C. J. Briggs. Simultaneously the 22d Division from the west and the Cretan Division from the east of Lake Doiran began to climb the steep slopes of the Belasica Range on the north of the lake. During the night French, Hellenic, and British troops stormed and captured the towering summits of the Belasica. This range is over 4,000 feet above the lake; the ascents are severe; there are practically no paths, and communication was necessarily most irregular. In this operation the 8th Battalion, South Wales Borderers, under Lieut. Col. R. C. Dobbs, D. S. O., specially distinguished themselves. Up to this date thirty guns, large quantities of ammunition, and three hospitals had been captured, while many wounded British prisoners had been recovered; considerable quantities of guns, motor cars, and stores had been found abandoned all along the line of retreat and in the mountains. When the armistice was concluded only fifteen miles separated the advanced British troops from the Rupel Pass and the lines of communication of the Bulgarian Army in the Struma Valley.

MOVING AGAINST CONSTANTINOPLE

Orders were now received to the effect that the British Army should move by Petric and Radomir through Bulgaria to the Danube, in the vicinity of Vidin, in order to co-operate with the French and Serbian armies in their operations against Austria-Hungary. This advance had begun when, on Oct. 10, General Milne received instructions to assume the command of the allied troops operating against Turkey in Europe and to transfer the army under his command to that theatre of operations. In spite of the fact that the railway had been totally de

stroyed between Doiran and Seres, and that practically no roads exist in Eastern Macedonia, on the night of Oct. 30 and 31, when news was received of the conclusion of an armistice with Turkey, two British divisions and one French division were ready on the River Maritza to seize the northern bridges and to occupy the town of Adrianople, the bridge at Insala was in possession of the British, while in rear the 1st Hellenic Corps was escheloned between Kavala and Drama, ready to take part in the general advance on Constantinople. This rapid move of about 250 miles, including the rebasing of the troops on the small ports in the Aegean Sea, reflects (says the dispatch) the greatest credit on the staff and administrative services, but it would have been impossible of achievement without the hearty co-operation of the Royal Navy in clearing the mine-swept areas and ports and in assisting in the transfer of troops and stores. General Milne adds:

I cannot speak too highly of the spirit and determination shown by all ranks during this short but arduous campaign. Malaria and influenza had taken a heavy toll, both in strength and in numbers; but, rather than miss the opportunity for which they had waited three years, officers and men remained in the ranks till often they dropped from sheer exhaustion. The calls made on the infantry have been specially severe, but whether in the attacks on the almost impregnable positions between Doiran and the Vardar, in the operations in the unhealthy Struma Valley, or in surmounting the heights of the Belasica Mountains they have invariably met with the same ready response. * * * I cannot close this report without expressing my high appreciation of the splendid spirit and devotion to the service of their country shown by all ranks of this army, the majority of whom will return to their homes with constitutions shattered by a prolonged stay in this malarious and inhospitable country.

ELOW appears the full text of the

B treaty signed on Aug. 17, 1916,

between Rumania and the Entente Powers, as a preliminary to Rumania's entry into the war on the Entente side. The translation here given is from the French original, and was made for CURRENT HISTORY. The significance of the document lies largely in the many stipulations and agreements that were never fulfilled. Russia's failure to supply the promised military support, followed swiftly by Rumania's collapse under German invasion, rendered the treaty a dead letter within a few weeks, but its details are in some respects the more interesting on that account:

Article 1.-France, Great Britain, Italy, and Russia hereby guarantee the territorial integrity of the Kingdom of Rumania as embraced in its present frontiers.

Art. 2.-Rumania undertakes to declare war and attack Austria-Hungary according to the conditions stipulated for in the military agreement; Rumania further undertakes, upon declaration of war, to stop all economic relations and commercial intercourse with enemies of the Allies.

Art. 3.-France, Great Britain, Italy and Russia recognize Rumania's right to annex those territories of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy determined upon in Article 4.

Art. 4.-The limits of the territories referred to in the preceding article are fixed as follows:

The line of demarkation shall begin on the Pruth at a point on the present frontier between Rumania and Russia, near Novoselitza, and shall continue along this river to the frontier of Galicia at the confluence of the Pruth and the Ceremos. From there it shall follow the boundary between Galicia and Bukovina and that between Galicia and Hungary to the Stog. Thence it shall follow the line of division of the waters of the Tisza and the Vizo until it reaches the Tisza at the village of Trebusa, ascending into the region where the Tisza joins with the Vizo. From this point it shall descend along the Tisza to within four kilometers of the junction of this river with the Szamos, leaving the village of Vasares-Nameny to Rumania. It shall then continue in a south-southwest direction to a point six kilometers east of the town of Debreczen. From this point it shall continue toward the Crisch to within three kilometers of the junction of the two branches of that river, (the White Crisch

and the Rapid Crisch. Thence it shall run to the Tisza above the village of Algye, north of Szegedin, passing west of the villages of Croshaza and of Bekessamson, making a turn three kilometers away from the latter. From Algye the line shall descend along the Tisza to the point of this river's union with the Danube, and from there it shall follow the Danube to the present frontier of Rumania.

Rumania undertakes not to build fortifications opposite Belgrade within a zone to be decided upon later, and to maintain in this zone only forces necessary for police purposes. The Royal Rumanian Government binds itself to indemnify the Serbians of the Banat region who, abandoning their property, should desire to emigrate within the space of two years after the conclusion of peace.

Art. 5.-Rumania on one part, and France, Great Britain, Italy, and Russia on the other part, bind themselves to conclude a separate peace or a general peace only upon mutual consent, and at the same time.

France, Great Britain, Italy, and Russia also agree that at the treaty of peace those territories of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy described in Article 4 shall be annexed to the Rumanian Kingdom.

Art. 6.-Rumania shall enjoy the same rights as the Allies in all preliminaries and negotiations for peace, as well as in the discussion of questions which will be submitted to the Peace Conference for decision.

Art 7.-The contracting powers bind themselves to keep this treaty secret until the conclusion of a general peace.

The following is the text of the military agreement supplementing the treaty:

Article 1.-In accordance with the treaty of alliance concluded on Aug. 17, 1916, between France, Great Britain, Italy, Russia, and Rumania, Rumania engages to mobilize all her forces on land and sea and to start operations against Austria-Hungary at the latest on Aug. 28, 1916, (eight days after the offensive at Saloniki.) The offensive operations of the Rumanian Army will begin on the day of the declaration of war.

Art. 2.-From the day of the signature of this agreement and during the mobilization and concentration of the Rumanian Army, the Russian Army engages to act in a particularly energetic manner along the whole Austrian front in order to assure the abovementioned Rumanian operations. This action shall be especially determined and vigorous in Bukovina, where the Russian troops shall at any rate retain their present positions.

After Aug. 25, 1916, the Russian fleet shall assure the security of the Port of Constanza, shall prevent any debarkation of enemy