a pretty wide circle of revolutionary Socialist professors in western faculties. How deeply rooted the teaching is in the minds of the phalanxes of students who pass year after year under the instruction of these men, would be impossible to calculate, but it goes even further back in certain sections into the school system. In a certain state library the following books were selected to send around to country schools: "Socialism and Modern Science," by Ferri (leader of one of the Socialist groups in Italy). "Evolution of Property," by LaFargue. Socialist propagandist.) "Love and Marriage," by Ellen Key. "Love and Ethics," by Ellen Key. (A revolutionary (Ellen Key is an out spoken advocate of free love and of the dissolution of marriage.) "The Bolsheviki and World Peace," by Leon Trotzky. "The Profits of Religion," by Upton Sinclair. (A violent literary Socialist.) "Anarchism and Socialism," by Harris. "Anarchism and Free Love," by Harris. fessional Bolshevist.) (Harris is a pro See for the above the "Iowa Magazine," February 5, 1920. Prof. Calhoun has finally found his proper place among the teachers of the Rand School. Quite a number of the university men have given their adhesion to the Rand School: such as Prof. Wm. I. Hull of Swarthmore, who speaks from the same platform as Trachtenberg, Algernon Lee and Hillquit. In a recent address (Feb. 21, 1920) by W. A. Atterbury, vice-president of the Penn. R. R., to the alumni of the University of Pennsylvania, Mr. Atterbury deplored the prevalence of the diffusion of Socialist ideas of a revolutionary character at our universities, and their invasion of the select ranks of the American Economic Association and the American Sociological Society. There are two dangerous centers of Revolutionary Socialist teaching of a university type in ecclesiastical institutions. One is the Union Theological Seminary of New York, where Christian Ethics are taught by Dr. Harry F. Ward; the other is St. Stephens College at Annandale, N. Y., where the president is the Rev. Iddings-Bell, and the professor of economics the Socialist, Dr. Edwards. The latter especially will be spoken of here more fully than in the following chapter. Dr. Ward is the author of "The New Social Order," in which he shows a decided sympathy for Socialist social forms and is friendly to Bolshevism in Russia. He also wrote "The Labor Movement," which contained addresses delivered before the Boston School of Theology, when he was professor of social science at that institution. He expressed in it approval of the I. W. W. It is reported in a recent issue of the National Civic Federation Review that he gave his endorsement to the new gospel of Bolshevism which he considers a spiritual movement replacing the outworn Christianity of the Russian Orthodox Church. He characterized the cognate I. W. W. "philosophy" as the most ideal and practical Christian philosophy since the days of Jesus Christ, and as expressing the ideas of Christ much more closely than any church of the present day. The activities of Dr. Ward, as shown in other parts of this report, are entirely consistent with this point of view. He is chairman of the American Civil Liberties Union, which champions the I. W. W., and presided over the I. W. W. meeting of Feb. 9, 1920, held at the Rand School, to raise money for the defense of the I. W. W. murderers of the four members of the American Legion at Centralia. He has also been prominent in numerous pacifist and radical societies such as the "Fellowship of Reconciliation," the "Emergency Peace Conference" and "People's Council," the "Liberty Defense Union." The pro-Bolshevik articles which Dr. Ward contributed to "The Social Service Bulletin" of the Methodist Federation for Social Service were considered particularly objectionable because the Bulletin was circulated not only by the Methodist Church but by the Congregational, Northern Baptist and other organizations. They called attention to Dr. Ward's textbooks circulated by the Graded Sunday School Syndicate. Dr. Ward is also connected with the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C. A. and the Inter-Church World Movement. The Philadelphia Annual Conference of the Methodist Church protested against the pro-Bolshevism of Dr. Ward being circulated in the name of the denomination. Such specialists in Bolshevism as Lieutenant Klieforth and Wm. English Walling have characterized Dr. Ward's statements as downright falsehoods or distorted facts, and as a kind of Bolshevism far worse than the Bolshevism of Russia. The same attempt to swing existing educational institutions to the support of the atheism and materialism of the I. W. W. and Bolshevism, is shown in the movement in the Episcopal Church of which the nominal leader is the Rev. Bernard Iddings Bell. He is at the head of St. Stephen's College at Annandale, where so many young ministers of the Episcopal Church receive university education. The head of the department of economics is the Rev. Lyford P. Edwards, an able expositor of Socialism and member of the Socialist Party. He gives courses at the College on the I. W. W., on Syndicalism, Socialism and Bolshevism. As a Socialist who was selected to represent this party in the Episcopal Church at last year's Convention in England, he teaches these movements to the young Episcopalians sympathetically. What the President, Dr. Bell himself, thinks, can be judged from his book, "Right and Wrong after the War." He here bases the whole history and character of civilization on what he calls the two great "Urges," the Hunger Urge and the Sex Urge, which we have in common with the animal kingdom. He accepts, in other words, the lowest form of the Karl Marx materialistic conception of history, in which there is absolutely no place for a God in the evolution of the universe. Logically this is inescapable atheism. As a corollary he states two fundamental articles of faith: (1) that private property should be absolutely abolished, and (2) that interest on invested property, rents, savings, etc., is robbery. He also condemns, as the Bolsheviki do, the present institution of the family, which he regards as a purely sexual relation, except insofar as it subserves the raising of the young. In a sermon delivered on May 23, 1920, in the Cathedral of St. John the Divine, Dr. Bell announced his sympathy with the revolutionary element of labor which demands the abolishing of the wage system and the communistic assumption of control. He states that the New Social Order is here and must be accepted. He says, "The world has already determined that the change shall be, and the real question is now whether it shall be by orderly, decent, law-abiding methods or brought about by blood and iron by working-class revolution or by common sense." He favors, as a matter of course, internationalism as against national patriotism. The campaign to weed out from the ranks of our school teachers any disloyal element, calls attention to certain extraordinary expressions of opinion by members of the New York Local of the American Federation of Teachers, which is affiliated with the Amer ican Federation of Labor. Its organ is the "American Teacher," which in its May-June issue of 1918, page 105, in connection with running an exchange advertisement of the "Liberator," which is a self-confessed organ of Bolshevism, I. W. W.ism and revolutionary Communism by violence, takes occasion to praise the "Liberator," to state that its editors "now support the Government," and to condemn, implicitly, any attack on them. On another page (108) the revolutionary industrial theory is expressed that the children in the schools must be taught to demand industrial democracy and this is defined as a condition in which "it is by the people who do the work that the hours of labor, the conditions of employment and the definition of property is to be made. It is by them the captains of industry are to be chosen, and chosen to be the servants, not masters." Is this the doctrine we wish taught to our children? The attitude of the New York Board of Education toward radical teaching in the schools is well expressed by Dr. John L. Tildsley, associate superintendent of schools of New York, as quoted in the American Labor Year Book, 1919-20, page 89, from a statement made by him April 26, 1919: "No person who adheres to the Marxian program, the program of the Left Wing of the Socialist Party in this country, should be allowed to become a teacher in the public school system, and if discovered to be a teacher, should be compelled to sever his connection with the school system, for it is impossible for such a person to carry out the purpose of the public schools as set forth by Commissioner Finegan, that the public school of any country should be the expression of the country's ideals, the purpose of its institutions, and the philosophy of its life and government." A typical example of such teaching was the case of Benjamin Glassberg, New York high school teacher, who was discharged by the Board of Education on May 29, 1919, after being charged with supporting Bolshevism. That the accusation was accurate was shown by a subsequent open connection with the Rand School as a teacher of revolutionary Socialist doctrines. Germen? Other prominent cases are those of Sadie Ginsberg, probationary teacher in the New York public schools; of three teachers in the DeWitt Clinton High School; of Miss Alice Wood, of the Washington, D. C., high school; of B. H. Mattingly, of the Poughkeepsie schools, and of Mary McDowell, of the Brooklyn public schools, who were dismissed in 1918 and 1919. On the whole, it may be safely said that our public schocl system is comparatively free from the taint of revolutionary teaching. ments. The American Labor Year Books of 1916 and of 1919-1920 give accounts of the invasion of Academic Freedom, as it calls it, through the dismissal or disciplining of a number of professors and instructors on account of their socialistic teachings or sentiAmong these is Arthur W. Calhoun, whose letter was published above, who was dismissed in 1915 from Maryville College, Tennessee, from the professorship of economics, the probable cause being economic radicalism. The case of Prof. Scott Nearing is treated in detail, including his dismissal from the University of Pennsylvania, and then from the University of Toledo in 1915-16. Other cases mentioned are the dismissal of W. C. Fisher, professor of economics at Wesleyan; of A. E. Morse, professor of economics at Marietta College; of G. B. L. Arner, instructor in economics at Dartmouth, and so forth. Dr. H. W. L. Dana was dismissed from the faculty of Columbia University in October, 1917, on account of his pacifist activities. This was followed by the withdrawal from Columbia faculty of Professors Charles A. Beard and Henry R. Mussey, both of whom became active in radical teachings, especially in connection with the new School for Social Research, It was in 1995 that there was organized in New York the InterCollegiate Socialist Society, "for the purpose of promoting an intelligent interest in Socialism among college men and women, graduates and under-graduates." It was in charge of a group selected to represent the largest possible number of universities and colleges in different parts of the country, all alumni taking an active interest in Socialism, and who could promote it among the students and faculties. It developed shortly into open advocacy of, instead of merely interest in, Socialism. Chapters were established in a large number of colleges and universities, cities and towns. It founded a quarterly which became a monthly magazine, called the "Socialist Review." It arranges to send lecturers on tours to various institutions, where it also organizes conferences, discussions and conventions. It also publishes pamphlets and books, and directs in a systematic way, the Socialist propaganda among students and graduates, collaborating with |