so that it will become increasingly easy for the immigrant adult or minor over sixteen years of age to find a place in which he can become acquainted not only with the institutions and laws of this State and of the United States, but also with his duties and privileges as a citizen and resident thereof.

The texts of these four bills will be found at the close of this introduction.

SEARCH WARRANTS AND PROSECUTIONS

Soon after this Committee was organized it became apparent that the Criminal Anarchy statute of this State was being constantly and flagrantly violated. The reasons for this have already been pointed out in the preliminary report of this Committee.

In order to assist the prosecuting officers in the preparation and the presentation of cases involving a violation of this law, this Committee procured a number of search warrants against various organizations that were found to be the centers and sources of radical revolutionary propaganda.

The first search warrant was obtained on June 12, 1919, from Hon. Alexander Brough, city magistrate, and was directed against the office of the Russian Soviet Bureau at 110 West Fortieth street, New York city. The activities of this bureau have been described in another part of this report. This search warrant was executed on the day it was issued by special agents of the Committee assisted by the members of the State Constabulary, and large quantities of printed and written matter referred to in the search warrant were removed from 110 West Fortieth street to the headquarters of this Committee.

Counsel for the Soviet Bureau and for Ludwig C. A. K. Martens, the alleged representative of the Soviet government, endeavored to vacate the search warrant, but, after exhaustive argument, in which Attorney-General Charles D. Newton personally represented the Committee, the application for the vacating of the search warrant was denied, and the Committee permitted to retain possession of the papers and documents seized under and by virtue of the search warrant. Certain papers that were not deemed relevant or pertinent were voluntarily returned to the Soviet Bureau by representatives of the Committee.

On June 21, 1919, Hon. William McAdoo, Chief City Magistrate, issued three search warrants which were directed respectively against the Rand School of Social Science, situated at

7 East 15th street, in the borough of Manhattan, city of New York; the headquarters of the Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party, situated at 43 West 29th street, in the borough of Manhattan, city of New York; and the New York city headquarters of the I. W. W., situated at 27 East 4th street, in the borough of Manhattan, city of New York.

The three search warrants were executed simultaneously at 3 o'clock in the afternoon of June 21, 1919, by representatives of the Committee, members of the New York city police, members of the State constabulary, and volunteers from the American Protective League.

Large quantities of revolutionary, incendiary and seditious written and printed matter were seized in each of these three places under and by virtue of the search warrants that had been issued against them. Court proceedings were instituted in behalf of the Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party to vacate the search warrant that had been issued against it, but the application was denied by the court, and the validity of the search warrant sustained.

An application was made by counsel for the Rand School of Social Science for the vacating of the search warrant that had been issued against it but the attorney for the Rand School abandoned these proceedings. No application was made on behalf of the I. W. W. headquarters for a vacating of the search warrant directed against it.

In all of these places large quantities of written and printed matter of the character aforementioned were obtained, and in addition thereto much valuable information was had concerning the identity of the leaders of the radical revolutionary movement in America as well as the names and addresses of thousands of members of these various organizations, with a result that numerous indictments have been found in various counties of this State. as a direct result of the information thus obtained. No arrests were made at the time of the execution of the search warrants against the Rand School, the I. W. W. headquarters, and the headquarters of the Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party, the purpose being not to, make arrests, but to obtain evidence which was turned over to the prosecuting officers, as provided for by law.

On August 14, 1919, a search warrant was obtained by representatives of the Committee from Magistrate William Sweetser,

directed against the headquarters of the Union of Russian Workers, situated at 133 East 15th street, in the borough of Manhattan, city of New York. These premises consist of an old private house in process of rather rapid decay. On the entrance or parlor floor was found a large room used as a schoolroom, containing a blackboard and crude desks and benches. Inquiry among the persons found therein disclosed the fact that many of them were led to gather in the premises on the supposition that they would there be taught both English and the reading and writing of their native tongue, Russian. As a matter of fact, this was but a blind, the real purpose being to gain recruits to the cause of revolution and anarchy. In the rear room, at the top floor of this building, were found the directors of this institution, and the editors of an anarchistic sheet called "Khlieb y Volya," the guiding spirits of which were one Peter Bianki, Naum Stepanuk and Peter Krawchuk. Large quantities of anarchistic literature were found secreted in various portions of the premises and were seized under the search warrant.

The three men above named were indicted by the extraordinary grand jury of New York county charged with criminal anarchy. They have since been deported to Russia on the "Soviet Ark” Buford.

This search warrant was executed by representatives of the Committee, together with Inspector (Now Deputy Commissioner) Joseph Faurot of the New York police department, who is best known as the Bertillon expert of the New York police department; Sergeant James Gegan, head of the bomb squad of the New York police department, and Officers Cornelius Brown, Charles J. Newman and other members of the bomb squad.

Shortly before this, representatives of the Committee had caused the arrest of two Finnish anarchist leaders named Carl Paivio and Gust Alonen, who were the editors and publishers of a rabid anarchist sheet called "Luokkataistelu." These two men, Paivio and Alonen, on complaint of the Committee, were indicted in New York county on the charge of criminal anarchy. They were tried and convicted before Mr. Justice Bartow S. Weeks in the Extraordinary Criminal Trial Term of the Supreme Court, and were sentenced to Sing Sing prison at hard labor, for a period of not less than four years and not more than eight years; and they are now in that prison serving their sentences. On November 8, 1919, search warrants were issued by Chief

Magistrate William McAdoo at the request of the Committee, and directed against the seventy-one headquarters of the Communist Party of America in the various boroughs of the city. At 9 o'clock in the evening of that day all of these headquarters were simultaneously entered by representatives of the Committee, by members of the State constabulary, and by upward of 700 members of the New York police force under the leadership of Inspector Faurot, Detective Sergeant Gegan and other members of the bomb squad.

Many tons of seditious and anarchistic literature were seized in the execution of these search warrants and a large number of prisoners taken. Those concerning whom there was not absolutely positive proof of membership in the Communist Party of America were released, and those concerning whom indubitable proof was possessed were held for the action of the grand jury, and later indicted. Among those arrested on that date were Benjamin Gitlow, a former Socialist Assemblyman of the State of New York, and one of the editors of the "Revolutionary Age," and James J. Larkin, also one of the editors of the "Revolutionary Age."

Gitlow was recently tried on the charge of criminal anarchy before Mr. Justice Bartow S. Weeks, sitting in the Extraordinary Criminal Trial Term of the Supreme Court. He was convicted and sentenced to hard labor in Sing Sing Prison for a term of not less than five years, nor more than ten years.

Shortly afterward Harry M. Winitsky, Secretary of the Communist Party of America, Local Greater New York, was arrested and indicted on the charge of criminal anarchy. He also was recently tried before Mr. Justice Bartow S. Weeks, and convicted. He was sentenced to Sing Sing Prison at hard labor for a term of not less than five years nor more than ten years.

At the time of the preparation of this report James J. Larkin is being tried on the charge of criminal anarchy.

In the meantime, eighteen persons charged with criminal anarchy were arrested in Cortland county on complaint of the Committee, and the local headquarters of that organization entered and large quantities of seditious literature removed.

On December 28, 1919, search warrants were obtained by the Committee in the cities of Utica, Rochester and Buffalo. and simultaneously, at nine o'clock in the evening of that day the headquarters of the Communist Party of America, of the Union of Russian Workers, and of other revolutionary organizations

were entered by representatives of the Committee, together with representatives of the local police force in each of these three cities, and of representatives of the district attorneys of these cities. Again, large quantities of seditious and revolutionary literature was seized under these search warrants, and formed the basis of numerous indictments found against the ringleaders of the revolutionary organizations in the cities mentioned.

In the city of Rochester the headquarters of the Communist party were in a building commonly known as "Dynamite Hall.” Here was found a large circulating library containing books on anarchistic subjects, and a mass of literature urging the overthrow of organized government by unlawful means. There were also found in these premises a number of immoral books, and judging from the well-thumbed appearance of books of this character, and of anarchistic character, it seemed that this type of literature particularly appealed to the patrons of this library. In this "Dynamite Hall" was also found evidence of the fact that meetings had been held in public schools of the city of Rochester at which documents were circulated advising the propriety and the necessity of overthrowing organized government by force and violence, and in one instance a resolution had been passed in one of the public schools in the city of Rochester, at a meeting held by the Socialist local of that city, proposing that 10,000 copies of Nicolai Lenine's revolutionary appeal to the working men of America be printed and circulated.

We give below a table showing the number of indictments procured, the number of trials had, and convictions resulting therefrom.

TABLE OF CASES SHOWING PROSECUTIONS ON THE CHARGE OF CRIMINAL ANARCHY INSTITUTED THROUGH THE CO-OPERATION OF THIS COMMITTEE WITH THE DISTRICT ATTORNEYS OF THE COUNTIES NAMED

*Since the submission of this report James J. Larkin, I. E. Ferguson and C. E. Ruthenberg have been convicted and are now serving sentences of 5 to 10 years in state prison,