him? With his influence, much might violation of all justice. If this attempt have been done toward enlightening had succeeded, it would not have protheir minds in the fundamental prin- moted a hospitable reception for the next ciples of religion; or at all events he visitors. But even this might have been could have done as at a later period forgiven, had not a high chief, who was did Vancouver-a junior officer then peaceably crossing the bay, ignorant of with him-whose justice and benevo- the cause for which the boats were stalence form a strong contrast to the course tioned, been killed by the fire of one of of Cook. By the former they were told them. At this wanton murder, the peoof the existence of one God, the Creator ple could no longer restrain their passalike of them and the whites. From the ions, though Lono was in their eyes, a supposed character of the latter, his in- god, and immortal.* They slew him. structions would have carried with them His body was carried into the interior, the force of revelation, and their effect the bones cleaned and the flesh burned, could not have been otherwise than except the heart and liver which some beneficial. What his course was has hungry children stole in the night and been shown.* Pilfering or insolence eat, supposing them to belong to a dog. were met with death, either dealt or ordered so to be, without the slightest attempt to distinguish between the guilty and innocent. A chief, in executing a law of his sovereign, was intimidated by the firing of a musket over his head; an As soon as the news of the attack on abuse sufficient to aggravate the most Cook's party reached the other side of forbearing race. The remonstrances of the bay, where were the observatory the men for the treatment of their wo- and the spars and sails of the Resolumen met with equal injustice. No ade- tion, the natives in the vicinity comquate returns for the great quantity of menced an assault upon the small force food consumed were made. It was stationed to defend them. After being given at first as a tribute to their newly repulsed, they agreed to a truce, in returned god, and ever after expected which all the property belonging to the on the same terms. Yet all these ag- ships was carried on board. Such was gravations did not arouse the spirit of the condition of the ships, and the state the people to resistance; not even the of discipline, that Captain King feared contempt so openly cast upon their re- for the result, if a vigorous attack had ligion and temple, until the greatest of been made during the night.'-Vol. 3, insults was shown, in attempting to im- p. 59. prison their king, and to carry him off from amid his own subjects, in utter

*This apathy is the more remarkable, as Kanina, a chief, whom Captain King describes as possess ing a quickness of conception and judicious curiosity rarely to be met with among these people,' made many pertinent inquiries in regard to the nature of the English government, their population, manufactures, manners and customs, wars, and particularly who was their God.' It is due to Capt. King to state, that he appears on all occasions to have endeavored to treat the natives with justice and humanity. But his influence, with that of others who might have been disposed to join with him, was altogether neutralized by the dominant prejudices of Cook. This Kanina, who had proved himself a valuable friend, was killed in the attack. It is somewhat remarkable, that in this encounter, the real friends of the English suffered far more than their enemies; a misfortune which, from the attending circumstances, could not have been avoided, as those most hostile, and those most desirous of peace, were mixed together in the crowd, and the affray more the result of accident than design.

All will unite in deploring a result, which from far less aggravation in a tivilized community, would have terminated quite as fatally; with savages, it is astonishing it did not sooner occur.

All reverence for Lono being now terminated, the natives appeared in their true character. They endeavored to allure small parties ashore, and insulted the comrades of the slain with the most contemptuous looks and gestures; at the

*A sledge from the Northwest Coast, left by Cook, was worshipped by those who continued to believe in his divinity; as were his ribs and breastbone, which were deposited in a temple dedicated to Lono, on the east side of the island. They were annually carried in procession to several other temples, or borne around the island to collect_offerings for the support of the priests of Lono. Some expected Lono would reappear. These bones were preserved in a small wicker basket, covered over with red feathers. Their fate has never been ascertained. It is supposed they were hid, upon the abolition of idolatry, in a cave. Liholiho is said to have carried a portion of them to England, and to have presented one of the sad relics to the widow of Cook.

had assured them, from the captains of

sons should be respected. Relying upon this pledge, they had not, with the other inhabitants, removed their effects to a place of security, and from trusting to their promises had lost their all. The narrative does not state that he had received any satisfaction from those for whom he had exerted himself so much.

same time displaying their clothes and arms in insolent triumph. A breast- the ships, that their property and perwork was also erected on the beach, and the women sent inland. Intercourse however was re-established, with the design of obtaining the corpse of Cook and the cutter. Several natives came off from time to time to the ships, declaring their innocence, and informed the commander, Clerke, of the warlike preparations ashore. Two individuals, While the hostilities were continued on the night of the 15th, brought off a between the two parties, numbers of portion of the flesh of Captain Cook, women remained cheerfully on board the weighing nine or ten pounds. The re- ships, exhibiting not the slightest emomainder, they said, had been burnt, and tion at the heads of their countrymen the bones were in possession of the which were brought off, or concern for chiefs. The next day additional insults their relatives ashore. While the village were received, and a man, wearing was burning, they exclaimed, a very Cook's hat, had the audacity to approach fine sight.' A fact which powerfully ilthe ships, and throw stones, in bravado. lustrates the deep degradation of their The crews not being in a temper for sex, which could thus find amusement in further forbearance, with the permission the sufferings of their fellows and injuries of their commander, fired some of the to their country.

great guns, at the natives on shore. On the evening of the 18th, messenThe islanders had previously put them-gers were sent to sue for peace; they selves under cover, so that not much carried with them the usual presents, damage was done. A few were killed, which were received with the assurance and Kamehameha was slightly wounded that it would be granted, when the reby a blow received from a stone, which mains of Cook were restored. From had been struck by one of the balls. them it was learned, that all the bodies of the marines who fell, had been burnt, except the limb-bones, which were distributed among the inferior chiefs. The hair of Captain Cook was in the possession of Kamehameha.

guard.

On the 17th, the boats were sent ashore, strongly manned, to water; but the annoyance experienced from the natives was so great, that the work proceeded slowly, although under the fire of the heavy guns from the ships. In After dark, provisions were sent to the all their attacks, the islanders displayed ships, with which were two large predesperate bravery. Orders were at last sents from the much injured but forgiving given to fire some houses, in doing which priest. As peace was now considered the whole village, with the property of declared, the natives ceased all hostilithe friendly priests, were consumed. ties, and mingled freely with the whites, The sailors, imitating the revengeful who however remained closely upon passions of their opponents, perpetrated many cruelties. A man, attended by a dozen or more boys, bearing the usual insignia of peace, approached and was fired upon. This did not stop them; and when they reached the commanding officer, the herald was found to be the priest who had performed the services at the consecration of Captain Cook, and who had always showed himself a friend. He came to expostulate on the ingratitude of the treatment, he and his brethren had received. The men, who had brought off the remains of Cook,

All of the bones of Captain Cook that could then be recovered, were brought on board the next day, neatly wrapped in fine tapa, ornamented with black and white feathers. Presents accompanied them. On the 21st, his gun, shoes, and some other trifles were brought by one of the high chiefs, who represented Kalaniopuu and Kamehameha, as desirous of peace. He informed the commanders that six of the chiefs, some of whom were their best friends, had been killed. A difference of opinion prevailed among

the natives as to the expediency of continuing hostile measures; but peace was finally agreed upon.

knowledge of the superior power of the white race, existed. This was greatly aggravated by the absence of the princiThe remains, which had been with so pal chiefs. The men employed in watermuch difficulty procured, were commit-ing were annoyed by crowds of natives, ted to the deep on the 21st, with military who pressed rudely upon them, and finalhonors. During this scene, the bay was ly endeavored to wrench the muskets of deserted by the natives; but the succeed- the soldiers from their hands. They ing day, on the assurance that all ill-will would not suffer the watering to proceed, was then buried, many visited the ships unless a great price was given; demandand others sent presents of eatables. In ing a hatchet for every cask of water. the evening the ships sailed. Neither had they forgotten their old On the 27th, they touched at Oahu, trade. While some amused themselves and a party landed on the northwest by tripping up the sailors, pulling them side; but meeting only a few inhabitants backward by their clothes, and like vexthey sailed immediately for Kauai, and atious tricks, others stole their hats, came to anchor, March 1st, off Waimea, buckets, and one seized Captain King's in their old station. cutlass from his side and made his escape. Gaining courage by the impunity with which they had thus far proceeded, they made more daring demonstrations. The casks, however, were filled, placed in the pinnace, and all embarked, excepting King and two others, when a shower of stones compelled them hastily to follow. The marines in the boat then fired two muskets, which wounded one man severely. This enraged the natives, and they prepared for a fresh attack; but the authority of some chiefs who made their appearance, drove them back.

Here their welcome was by no means cordial. The disease which they had introduced, had occasioned many deaths and much suffering. The island presented the usual spectacle of savage contention and warfare. The goats which had been left by Cook, as a gift, which might eventually have proved serviceable to the inhabitants, had increased to six, but had become a source of contention between Keawe and Kaneonea. Both parties maintained their claims by force, and a battle had been fought, in which Kaneonea was worsted. A misfortune among barbarians is more likely to beget enemies than friends, as the unfortunate chief soon experienced. The goats were destroyed, but not with them the disagreement, of which they had proved the innocent cause. Keawe having allied himself to another powerful chief, aspired to the sole sovereignty.

Cook being dead, the ships experienced such trouble as has commonly been received from the South Sea islanders, when no superstitious restraint, or

No further disturbance was experienced. The chiefs of Keawe's party paid Captain Clerke a visit, and made him several curious and valuable presents, among which were fish hooks, made from the bones of Kalaniopuu's father, who had been killed in an unsuccessful attempt to subdue Oahu. A dagger made from iron taken from a timber that had recently floated ashore, was also brought.

On the 8th of March, the ships stood over to Niihau, where they remained but four days.

CHAPTER VI.

nate to him. Kamehameha was the re1779-Unfavorable opinion entertained of the island-puted nephew of Kalaniopuu, by his ers in consequence of the death of Cook-Death brother Keoua, but Kahekili, king of of Kalaniopuu-War of succession-Victories of Kamehameha Kamehameha conquers Maui, La- Maui, claimed his paternity. By this new nai and Molokai-Arrival of Captains Portlock and arrangement, Kau, Puna and Hilo, the Dixon-Trade opened-Meare's visit-Trade--La Perouse visits Maui, 1786-Maui, Lanai and Mo- most fertile districts, fell to Kiwalao; and lokai rebel-Arrival of the Eleanora-Capture of Kona, Kohala and Hamakua to Kameboat and murder of a sailor-Metcalf's bloody hameha. No sooner was the will made revenge-Fair American captured John Young known than intrigues to defeat it were and Isaac Davis made prisoners--Difficulties between traders and the islanders-Kamehameha's set in motion. In July following, after indignation at the capture of the Fair American- the season of mourning had ended, the Treatment of prisoners--Kaiana's ambitious views -Attempts on vessels-Vancouver's arrival Hilo chiefs being anxious to obtain the First notice of Kaumualii-Daedalus arrives at district of Kona, on the east side of HaOahu-Massacre of Lieutenant Hergest and Mr. waii, on account of the calmness of the bordering sea, which made it a better fishing-ground, endeavored to excite their new ruler to wrest it from Kamehameha. Having gained him over to their design, it was determined to ex

Gooch-Avarice of chiefs-Intercourse with Vancouver-Kaahumanu - Princely hospitality Jealousy of other chiefs-Cattle first introduced at Hawaii-Discipline of ships-Orders of the king-Widow of Kalaniopuu-Sham battle Present to King George III.-Transactions at Maui-Murderers executed at Oahu-Festival of Makahiki Benevolent efforts of VancouverTheatrical entertainments-Cession of Hawaii-ecute it under the guise of paying funeDeparture of Vancouver-1794. ral honors to his deceased father. A THE news of the disastrous events re- number of warriors, taking the corpse corded in the last chapter, produced an of Kalaniopuu with them, embarked in unfavorable impression in Europe and a war-canoe for Kona. On their way, America, of the character of the island- Keeaumoku, a tried chieftan of Kameers. Without fully comprehending the hameha, met them, and going on board, causes, they were judged to be a cruel joined in the wail for the dead. From race and disposed to commit atrocities the appearance of the party, his susupon ships. For a number of years picions were aroused, and he inquirnone ventured to touch at their shores.ed where it was their intention to inter The aged Kalaniopuu died at Kau, Ha-the body. They replied, at Kailua, the waii, in April, 1782, after a reign of chief town of Kona. From this answer thirty years, and bequeathed his domin- and the extraordinary haste they maniions to Kiwalao, his son, jointly with fested, he suspected they designed surKamehameha, who was to be subordi- prising that place.

House of Keawe-Tomb of the kings of Hawaii, at Honaunau. While off Honaunau, the place of sepulture of the ancient kings of Hawaii,

they were overtaken by a violent rainsquall, which obliged them to land. The

moku, enabled to rise, rushed upon the fallen king, and with a shark's-teeth sword despatched him. The fate of their leader so dispirited his followers, that they were entirely routed. Some fled to the place of refuge at Honaunau, and others to the mountains, or sought safety by flight in canoes. Kamehameha was thus left master of the field, and lord of Hawaii.

tainers, to Kamehameha, and by his persuasions induced him to renew the war. An engagement, which, from the obstinacy with which it was fought, received the name of Kauaawa-bitter contesttook place on a mountain in Kau. Neither party were able to claim the victory. Kamehameha actively followed up the contest, and marched upon Hilo, where in a skirmish he received a blow on his forehead, from a paddle, which well nigh terminated his career.

body was there deposited in the ancestral tomb of the kings of Hawaii, the house of Keawe, from whom all chiefs of pretensions to high nobility endeavor to trace their descent. Keeaumoku secretly left the party and hastened to Kamehameha to inform him of his suspicions. Kiwalao and his followers remained to concert further measures, as it was their intention to conquer and apportion all Hawaii among themselves. In the mean- Further opposition awaited him. Keoua time information of their arrival and and Keawemauhili, the principal instiplans had been conveyed to Kameha- gators of the war, had fled to the mounmeha, who immediately advanced to the tains. The former obtained possession camp of Kiwalao, and in an interview of Kau, and the latter the fine districts the two became apparently reconciled. of Hilo and Puna. Three districts only Kiwalao endeavored to satisfy the rapa- sided with Kamehameha. The rebel city of his chiefs, by dividing his own chiefs, however, were disturbed in their territories among them, but Keoua, his own domains, by commotions excited by uncle, either not receiving a share dissatisfied subjects; one of whom being proportionate to his desires, or being unsuccessful, went over, with all his reneglected in the apportionment, became enraged and marched off with his retainers, determined on war and plunder. Entering the territories of Kamehameha, he committed considerable devastation by cutting down cocoanut trees. In a skirmish several were killed on each side. The war having thus commenced, Kiwalao, unable further to resist the solicitations of his followers, joined Keoua, with all his forces, and a general engagement took place at Keei, between the two rivals for Hawaii, which was continued for eight days with no decided advantage to either party. Kamehameha being next in rank and influence to Kiwalao, was heir to the entire island upon the death of his cousin; con-meha; who, in retaliation, made a desequently, the struggle was obstinate scent upon Maui, about the year 1790, and bloody. Keeaumoku, the chief who while Kahekili was at Oahu. His son, had discovered the designs of Kiwalao to a youth, encountered the invader at Kamehameha, was seized by two of the Wailuku, and was totally defeated. In warriors of the former, and badly wound- this battle, Kamehameha displayed much ed; one smiting him with a spear, and skill. His active mind turned every misthe other with a dagger, both exclaiming, take of his enemy to his own advantage, in derision, 'the weapon strikes the yel- and seized upon the most favorable molow-back crab.' The anxiety of his ene- ments for a charge or retreat. The mies to secure as a trophy, a highly prodigious strength, for which he was valued ornament made of a whale's tooth, remarkable, joined with great personal which he wore about his neck, preserved courage, which had already established his life. Kamehameha perceiving the for him a reputation for prowess throughdanger of his favorite warrior, rallied the out the group, availed his troops much. boldest of his troops and furiously charg- When his bodily exertions were not ed the enemy. În the meleé, Kiwalao needed, he remained quiet, issuing his was knocked down by a stone. Keeau-orders with coolness and sagacity; if the

Kahekili, who had made himself master of Molokai, Lanai, Oahu and Maui, and was allied to Kaeo, sovereign of Kauai, in revenge for a fancied affront, sent succor to the enemies of Kameha