establish order, peace, and concord is their intention. protect them!

Ocaña, 17th April, 1828.

JOSE MARIA DEL CASTILLO, President.
LUIS VARGAS TEJADA, Deputy Secretary.

May Heaven

RAFAEL DOMINGUEZ, Secretary.

PROCLAMATION OF THE President of Colombia, on the commencement of Hostilities against Peru.—3d July, 1828.

(Translation.)

TO THE PEOPLE OF THE SOUTH.

CITIZENS AND SOLDIERS,

THE perfidy of the Government of Peru has passed every limit, and has outraged all the rights of its neighbours, Bolivia and Colombia. After a thousand injuries, suffered with heroick patience, we have been forced at length to repel injustice by force. The Peruvian Troops have entered the heart of Bolivia, without any previous Declaration of War, and without any ground of hostility. Such shameful conduct teaches us what we have to expect from a Government which neither respects the Laws of Nations, nor those of gratitude, nor even the consideration due to a people, its friends, and brothers.

It would be too much to recount the catalogue of the crimes of the Government of Peru; for your feelings could not listen to it without a dreadful cry for revenge; but I do not wish to excite your indignation, nor to make your grievous wounds more painful. I only invite you to prepare yourselves against those wretches who have already violated the territory of our daughter (Bolivia), and who even intend to profane that of the country of heroes. Arm yourselves, Colombians of the South. Fly to the Frontiers of Peru, and there await the hour of vengeance. My presence amongst you shall be the signal of combat.

Bogota, 3d July, 1828.

BOLIVAR.

COLOMBIAN Manifesto of War against Peru.-July 1828.

(Translation.)

Manifesto of the Government of Colombia, setting forth its grounds of War against the Government of Peru.

THE Government of Colombia, being compelled to employ against Peru the arms which gave independence and liberty to that Country, owes to publick opinion, to the other States of America, and to the

whole World, an exposition of the motives which induce it to carry War into that Territory, into which it formerly carried peace and felicity.

No Nation has ever exhibited the forbearance and moderation which Colombia has exhibited towards Peru. Provocations, insults, outrages, all have been endured for the sake of peace, and to avoid a rupture between two States, whose existence is but in its infancy, and whose interests ought to be closely connected, for their mutual defence, happiness, and prosperity; but the Government of Peru, insensible to every just consideration, has persisted in its offensive conduct, which it is no longer possible to endure, without renouncing the honour of the Nation, and without rendering Colombia unworthy to be enumerated amongst the Independent Nations of the Earth.

The World has witnessed the eminent services, and the heroic sacrifices made by Colombia, in order to liberate Peru from the tyranny of her old Oppressors, and the disloyalty of her own Children, and from civil war, disorder, and anarchy. When all was lost to Peru, when no hope of salvation was left to her, owing to the overwhelming Force of the Enemy, and the general demoralization of that Country, she then called upon Colombia to assist her: Colombia succoured her with prodigality; and God, who had aided the Colombians in the destruction of their Oppressors, and in the emancipation of their own Country, also assisted them in the salvation of Peru, and in rescuing it from slavery and annihilation. Immortal victories crowned the efforts of Colombia and gave Independence to Peru.

The Congress of Peru assembled, declared the gratitude of the Nation, and not judging it, as yet, free from the influence of faction, and the evils of anarchy, again sought the aid of Colombia, and solicited from it an auxiliary Division. This Republick consented that the Colombian Troops should remain in Peru; and they became the support of order and the pledge of tranquillity. The Government of Peru then commenced its offensive conduct: ungrateful for the benefits it was receiving, and forgetting every honourable and noble feeling, it repaid Colombia by seducing the Auxiliary Troops, by disseminating amongst them the spirit of rebellion, by instigating them to depose their Generals, and by causing them to declare themselves the Arbiters of the destinies of their Country. It is impossible to doubt this: Soldiers, so subordinate as are the Colombians, who are accustomed to obey their Chiefs, to respect their Government, and who are not unmindful of their honour and glory, would not have been induced to fail in their duty, to wither their laurels, and to forfeit their reputation, without a strong temptation-without allurements which could have been offered only by the Agents of Peru, and without a reliance upon the protection which the latter could afford them.

Having violated the friendship under which it had confided the good order, discipline, and subordination of the Country to the Colombian Troops, the Government of Peru no longer dissembled its hostile intentions towards Colombia. It formed the project of taking possession, during a period of profound peace, of the Three Southern Departments; and, to render the injury greater, and the outrage more violent, it resolved to avail itself, in this attempt, of the same Colombian Troops, to whom it had confided the sacrilegious task of dismembering their own Country. With protestations of friendship, and of a desire to maintain the best understanding, the Government of Peru instigated the Troops of Colombia to acts of treason;-and this for its own advantage, and in return for the immense services it had received, and which, being so recent, it could not have forgotten!

The movement of the Auxiliary Division was concerted solely with the Individual who called himself its Commander-in-Chief,—the principal Accomplice in the Rebellion. No previous intimation was given, either to the Government of Colombia, or to its Agent in Lima: nor were the Orders of the Colombian Government awaited, or those of the General, who was applied for by the Government of Peru itself to take the command: all the necessary supplies were provided with the greatest haste and with the utmost secrecy; and to remove all suspicion of the hostility which was contemplated, and of the object of the movement of these Troops, the Port of Callao was closed until the embarkation was effected, and the Ships of War and Transports, after having disembarked part of the Division, remained opposite the Ports of the Department of Guayaquil, for some days, in expectation of the result. Providence frustrated the machinations of Traitors and unprovoked Enemies, defeated their projects, and rendered abortive their enterprize; but the Government of Peru is responsible for the act, for the crimes committed to give effect to it, and for the evils which, in consequence, for some time afflicted Colombia.

The Agent of this Republick was informed of the approach of those Troops when they were in the act of embarking: he then remonstrated, and strongly and energetically protested against the proceedings; his remonstrances were, however, disregarded and his protests had no other result than his own persecution, which was carried to the extremity of expelling him from the Country, within the space of 18 hours, with insult and ignominy, under a guard, and detaining him as a prisoner on board a Vessel of War, without cause, or pretext, and without his having offered the least offence. The honour of Colombia was outraged, with atrocity, in the person of its Agent; and up to the present hour, this Government has received no satisfaction for this shameful violation of the Law of Nations.

Order having been re-established in the Southern Departments,

the Traitors who had disturbed it, fleeing from the national vengeance, took refuge in Peru; and not only were they welcomed there, but eulogiums were passed on their treason, wickedness, and perverse conduct. The scandal of their reception has been aggravated, by the expulsion from the Peruvian Territory, (as suspicious Individuals, and in violation of existing Treaties,) of those Colombian Officers who had taken no part in the operations, but had disapproved of them. Chastisement fell on honourable and peaceful Colombians, and rewards and consideration on Traitors and Delinquents.

The Government of Colombia was silent under the injuries heaped upon it. It despatched an Officer with Letters for Bolivia, who was detained in a Port of Peru, and compelled to proceed to Callao. His Despatches, which were demanded from him, he was under the necessity of throwing into the Sea, and he was taken to Lima, and there detained a considerable time. The Vice-President of this Republick sent one of his Aides-de-camp to present to the President of Bolivia the Sword decreed to him by the Congress of Colombia, and he, also, was detained in Callao; he proceeded, however, to Lima, where the risks of his journey were exaggerated to him, and he was not allowed to proceed; but was obliged to return, leaving there the Sword and the Communications which had been confided to him. Peru was at War with Colombia without having declared it; although Colombia was at Peace, and anxious to cultivate friendship with Peru.

Notwithstanding the failure of the project of conquering a part of the Territory, with the assistance of the Colombian Troops, the Government of Peru did not abandon the hope of getting possession of it by other means. With this object it began to form an Army on the Frontier, and proceeded with such activity, that it appeared to calculate on an early opening of the Campaign. It was well aware that such a step would alarm the Government of Colombia; and, thinking to lull its vigilance, it deputed to it a Minister Plenipotentiary, but without powers or instructions to conclude anything; it was represented that the object of his Mission was to give satisfaction for the grievances of which Colombia might have to complain, and which the Government of Peru, itself, conceived had been committed, although it had received no complaint upon the subject of them. Such was its conviction of the hostile character of its own proceedings!

The Government of Colombia was not ignorant of the plot which had been formed against it, nor of the object for which that Minister had been sent; but it received him, notwithstanding, in order to prove how far its wishes for peace and conciliation extended. He was made acquainted with the grounds of complaint, and with the satisfaction demanded by this Government, when he openly declared himself to be without instructions, to enter into any negotiation for the adjust

ment and liquidation of the Debt due by Peru to Colombia, on account of the supplies furnished by the latter, and to be equally incompetent to treat for the restoration of the Province of Jaen and the Part of Mainas which Peru had usurped; he disavowed the Convention, in virtue of which the Colombian Troops entered Peru, and in which the reimbursement of the losses sustained by the different Corps was solemnly stipulated on the part of his Government; and, instead of affording any satisfaction with respect to other charges, he aggravated them, by heaping abuse and insult against the Chief of the Government, and against all the Generals, Troops, and People of Colombia. His Mission, therefore, served only to add to the catalogue of outrages, and to afford another opportunity of gratifying the Government of Peru, by insulting and outraging that of Colombia, and that under cover of the immunity enjoyed by its Minister.

The Government of Peru was, at the same time, disputing the passage through a part of its Territory to the Troops to whom it was indebted for its liberty and existence, who were then in Bolivia, and who were desirous of returning to their Country; after having shed their blood, and been prodigal of their lives, in order to give independence to, and accomplish the felicity of, the very Men who then refused them permission to pass freely over the Fields which had witnessed their glory, and on which they had reaped their laurels. This refusal, and the simultaneous seduction employed by the Peruvian Generals, led to the Mutiny of those Troops in La Paz, on the 25th of December last, a Mutiny which it was found practicable to suppress on the instant, but not without an effusion of Colombian blood. When the Government of Peru announced this event, it did so with joy ;—in an Official Journal it eulogized the promoters of it; and to the Ringleader, the Serjeant who had directed it, who committed the greatest atrocities in La Paz, and plundered its inhabitants, it gave an honourable reception in Lima, and also evinced towards him the greatest proofs of consideration. What can be expected from a Government which is insensible to honour, probity, morality, and good faith, which excites treason---which takes delight in the shedding of the blood of its benefactors-and whose steps are marked with ingratitude and perfidy!

It now attempts the Invasion of Bolivia, with which State Colombia is connected by the closest ties of friendship and fraternity, and that without any previous Declaration of War; its General has also had the audacity to address Proclamations to the Colombian Troops, again exciting them to abandon their duty, and violate their obligations. It has resolved upon sending a Squadron to blockade the Port of Guayaquil; and intends that its Army on the frontiers shall march into Colombia, with the President of Peru at its head: it had already ordered a detachment of the same Army to enter the Town of Zapotillo, within