GRADES

§ 51.2276 U. S. No. 1. U. S. No. 1 consists of portions of walnut kernels which are well dried, clean, free from shell, foreign material, insect injury, decay, rancidity, and free from damage caused by shriveling, mold, discoloration of the meat or other means. (See § 51.2279.)

(a) Color shall be specified in connection with this grade in terms of one of the color classifications. (See §§ 51.2275, 51.2280 and 51.2881.)

(b) Size shall be specified in connection with this grade in terms of one of the size classifications. (See §§ 51.2283 and 51.2884.)

§ 51.2277 U. S. Commercial. U. S. Commercial consists of portions of walnut kernels which meet the requirements of U. S. No. 1 grade, except for increased tolerances. (See § 51.2279.)

(a) Color of walnuts in this grade shall be not darker than "amber" classification, and color need not be specified. However, color may be specified in connection with the grade in terms of one of the color classifications. (See §§ 51.2275, 51.2280 and 51.2281.)

(b) Size shall be specified in connection with this grade in terms of one of the size classifications. (See §§ 51.2283 and 51.2284.)

UNCLASSIFIED

$51.2278 Unclassified. Unclassified consists of portions of walnut kernels which have not been classified in accordance with either of the foregoing grades. The term "unclassified" is not a grade within the meaning of these standards, but is provided as a designation to show that no grade has been applied to the lot.

TOLERANCES FOR GRADE DEFECTS

§ 51.2279 Tolerances for grade defects. (a) All percentages shall be calculated on the basis of weight.

(b) In order to allow for variations, other than for color and size, incident to proper grading and handling, tolerances shall be permitted for the respective grades as indicated in Table I:

§ 51.2280 Color classifications. The following classifications are provided to describe the color of any lot: "Extra Light", "Light", "Light Amber" or "Amber". The portions of kernels in the lot shall not be darker than the darkest shades of color permitted in the specified classification as shown on the color chart.

§ 51.2281 Tolerances for color. (a) All percentages shall be calculated on the basis of weight.

(b) In order to allow for variations incident to proper grading and handling, tolerances shall be permitted for the respective color classifications as indicated in Table II:

23201-58 4

§ 51.2282 Off color. The term "off color" is not a color classification, but shall be applied to any lot which fails to meet the requirements of the "Amber" classification.

SIZE REQUIREMENTS

§ 51.2283 Size classifications. The following classifications are provided to describe the size of any lot: "Halves", "Halves and Pieces", "Pieces" or "Small Pieces". The size of portions of kernels in the lot shall conform to the requirements of the specified classification as defined below:

(a) Halves. Lot consists of 85 percent or more, by weight, half kernels, and the remainder three-fourths half kernels. (See § 51.2284.)

(b) Halves and pieces. Lot consists of 20 percent or more, by weight, half kernels, and the remainder portions of kernels that cannot pass through a sieve with 24 inch round openings. When a lot exceeds this minimum requirement, the actual percentage of halves may be specified. (See § 51.2284.)

(c) Pieces. Lot consists of portions of kernels that cannot pass through a sieve with 2464 inch round openings. (See § 51.2284.)

(d) Small pieces. Lot consists of portions of kernels that pass through a sieve with 2464 inch round openings, but that cannot pass through a sieve with 64 inch round openings. When desired, the actual size ranges within such size ranges may be specified. (See § 51.2284.)

§ 51.2284 Tolerances for size.

basis of weight.

(a) All percentages shall be calculated on the

(b) In order to allow for variations incident to proper sizing and handling, tolerances shall be permitted for the respective size classifications as indicated in Table III:

1 No part of any tolerance shall be used to reduce the percentage of halves required or specifled in a lot of "halves and pieces".

2 The tolerances of 10 percent and 2 percent for "small pieces" classification shall apply, respectively, to any smaller maximum or any larger minimum sizes specified.

APPLICATION OF TOLERANCES

§ 51.2285 Application of tolerances. All tolerances for the standards shall be applied to the entire lot, and a composite sample shall be taken for determining the grade. However, any container or group of containers in which the

walnuts are found to be substantially inferior to those in the majority of the containers shall be considered as a separate lot.

DEFINITIONS

§ 51.2286 Well dried. "Well dried" means that the portion of kernel is firm and crisp, not pliable or leathery.

8 51.2287 Clean. "Clean" means that the appearance of the individual portion of kernel, or of the lot as a whole, is not materially affected by adhering dust, dirt or other foreign material.

§ 51.2288 Shell. "Shell" means the outer shell and/or the woody partition from between the halves of the kernel, and any fragments of either.

§ 51.2289 Insect injury. "Insect injury" means that the insect, web, frass or other evidence of insects is present on the portion of kernel.

§ 51.2290 Rancidity. "Rancidity" means that the portion of krenel is noticeably rancid to the taste. Rancidity should not be confused with a slightly astringent flavor of the pellicle (skin) or with staleness (the stage at which the flavor is flat but not objectionable).

§ 51.2291 Damage. "Damage" means any defect, other than color, or any combination of defects which materially affects the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality of the individual portion of kernel, or of the lot as a whole. Any one of the following shall be considered as damage:

(a) Shriveling when more than one-eighth of the portion of kernel is severely shriveled, or a greater area is affected by lesser degrees of shriveling producing an equally objectionable appearance, except that kernels which are thin in crosssection but which are otherwise normally developed shall not be considered as shriveled;

(b) Mold when plainly visible;

(c) Discoloration of the meat when more than one-eighth the volume of the portion of kernel is severely discolored, or a greater volume is affected by lesser degrees of discoloration producing an equally objectionable appearance;

(d) Not well dried; and

(e) Not clean.

§ 51.2292. Serious damage. "Serious damage" means any defect, other than color, or any combination of defects which seriously affects the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality of the individual portion of kernel or of the lot as a whole. Any one of the following shall be considered as serious damage: (a) Shriveling when more than one-fourth of the kernel is severely shriveled, or a greater area is affected by lesser degrees of shriveling producing an equally objectionable appearance;

(b) Mold when plainly visible on more than one-eighth of the surface of the kernel in the aggregate; and

(c) Discoloration of the meat when more than one-fourth the volume of the portion of kernel is severely discolored, or a greater volume is affected by lesser degrees of discoloration producing an equally objectionable appearance.

$51.2293 Very serious damage. "Very serious damage" means any defect, other than color, or any combination of defects which very seriously affects the appearance, or the edible or shipping quality of the individual portion of kernel or of the lot as a whole. Any one of the following shall be considered as very serious damage:

(a) Shriveling when more than 50 percent of the portion of kernel is severely shriveled;

(b) Mold when plainly visible on more than one-fourth of the surface of the portion of kernel in the aggregate;

(c) Discoloration of the meat when more than one-half the volume of the portion of kernel is severely discolored;

(d) Insect injury;

(e) Rancidity or decay; and

(f) Shell, or any foreign material.

$51.2294 Half kernel. "Half kernel" means the separated half of a kernel with not more than one-eighth broken off.

§ 51.2295 Three-fourths half kernel. "Three-fourths half kernel" means a portion of a half of a kernel which has more than one-eighth but not more than one-fourth broken off.

The United States Standards for Shelled English Walnuts (Juglans regia) contained in this subpart shall become effective 30 days after publication hereof in the FEDERAL REGISTER.

Dated: February 9, 1954. [SEAL]

ROY W. LENNARTSON, Deputy Administrator, Marketing Services.

Mr. HAGEN. Are there any other witnesses here who have a desire to be heard on this matter, who have not already been before the committee?

It is apparent we are going to have a further hearing, because Mr. Wolff has a desire to testify in person after some more preparation with reference to dates. So that we will attempt to have a meeting next week, if it can be arranged, and we will notify you of that fact. Thank you very much.

The hearing is closed.

(Whereupon, at 12:05 p. m., the hearing in the above-entitled matter was adjourned.)