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part of the skull sustained, an examination would have been almost impracticable; but it is quite evident, from the testimony of the witnesses interrogated before the coroner, that the organ of Selfesteem was in a state of the greatest excitement, and that a morbid action of this sentiment was the proximate cause of the act of selfdestruction. This will be sufficiently shown by the selection of a few scattered sentences from the evidence of the witness who was best acquainted with the deceased and her family.

"Mr. Moyes has a large family of daughters growing up, and lately the necessity has been seen of some of them going from home to get their living."

"The determination of some of the daughters, and among others the deceased, being sent out to situations, was come to a month or six weeks ago."

66

Margaret was the first for whom a situation was to be found."

"It is difficult to say whether the dejected state of her mind proceeded from the illness of her parent, or from the prospect of going out to earn a livelihood."

"It was intended to give her a situation in a confectioner's shop." "On the subject of going out to a situation being mentioned to her, I heard her say I take it to heart; I cannot get over the feeling— and yet I'm aware it is the right course.'"

And the following is from her sister's evidence :

"The idea of going out into the world to get her living preyed upon her mind."*

It was also shown by the evidence, that she was not impelled to the peculiar mode of her death by the circumstance of casually passing the monument at the time when the thought of suicide had occurred to her mind, but that she deliberately left her home and walked to that structure, which was at a distance of several miles from her father's house. The mode of her death, therefore, was evidently a matter of choice and consideration-the result of some prevailing impulse of her mind which could not be overruled, and which urged her to ascend to, and plunge from, some tremendous height. Bearing these facts in mind, the following remarks on the functions of the organ of Self-esteem, extracted from Mr. Combe's System of Phrenology, are worthy of the most attentive considera

tion.

The Spectator newspaper, one of the most philosophical productions of the London press, under date 13th October, publishes an article which has been suggested by the prevalence of suicide in this country with a view of tracing its causes, and quotes the above evidence as illustrative of the effect of a morbid self

esteem.

"Having studied the sentiment of pride as a primitive mental quality, and its organ, in the human race, Dr. Gall wished to ascertain whether his observations would be confirmed by the lower animals. He therefore examined the heads of such of them as we are accustomed to call proud-the race-horse, the cock, and peacock. He did not find in any of these a remarkable development of the cerebral parts corresponding to the organ of Self-esteem in man; but he found a considerable development of these parts in animals in which he would never have thought of looking for it—that is to say, in those which voluntarily remain in the higher regions of the air, living on mountains, and other elevated situations; for example, in the roebuck, the chamois, the wild goat, and certain species of eagles and falcons; and what struck him most was, that the parts in question were the more developed in proportion to the greater height of the dwelling places of the animals. Dr. Gall himself was astonished at this observation. That a predilection for physical heights should, in animals, depend on the same organ as that to which the sentiment of self-esteem is referrible in man, appeared to him at first altogether improbable and inadmissible; yet,' says he, 'I have laid down the rule to communicate the progress of my observations, as well as the manner in which they have given rise to my opinions.' He accordingly enters into some interesting observations on the various dwelling places of animals, and states, that in the heads of all of them which have their abodes in high places, there is an eminence which entirely resembles the organ of Self-esteem in man."

In confirmation of the above, it may be remarked, that a case is on record of a Monsieur B., in whom the organ was naturally very large, and who was accidentally wounded by a nail in this part of the brain. "While labouring under the influence of the wound, he felt himself, as it were, elevated above the clouds, and carried through the air, retaining at the same time, and also manifesting during his convalescence, the same proud and haughty manners which had distinguished him in health."

I am, dear sir,

Very faithfully yours,
M. B. SAMPSON.

ARTICLE VII.

PHRENOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS OF JOSEPH CINQUEZ, ALIAS GINQUA.

MR. EDITOR,

Inasmuch as the Africans, recently cast upon our shore, have created considerable excitement in various parts of the country, I have thought it might be interesting to present the public, through your Journal, with a brief sketch of the phrenological developments and character of their leader, viz. Joseph Cinquez or Ginqua. On the 5th of September, I visited New Haven, where the Africans were then confined, and made a critical examination of Cinquez's head. I also took in plaster of Paris an exact likeness of his head, which is now deposited in my cabinet, and may be examined by any person who will call at No. 135 Nassau street, New York. The following cut, taken from this cast, will perhaps convey to your readers a correct view of the outlines of Cinquez's head.

His head is peculiar in shape, being long and high, but narrow. The base of his brain is inferior in size; consequently the lower animal propensities do not constitute the leading elements of his character. His temperament is very favourable to mental and physical exercise, being nervous bilious, with a fair portion of the san

guine. He is rather tall and spare, but well-formed, and adapted for great physical and mental exertions. His appearance indicates a strong constitution, and great powers of endurance. He has very fine pliable hair, thin and soft skin, with strongly-marked nervous and locomotive powers. His head measures most in the region of those faculties giving a love of liberty, independence, determination, ambition, regard for his country, and for what he thinks is sacred and right; also, good practical talents and powers of observation, shrewdness, tact, and management, joined with an uncommon degree of moral courage and pride of character.

Amativeness, Adhesiveness, Co.nbativeness, Destructiveness, Alimentiveness, and Acquisitiveness, are only fairly developed, and would have but a common or ordinary influence in the formation of his character. The organs of Self-esteem and Firmness are very large, and would form leading traits in his character. I should not infer that he was naturally cruel, malicious, or even selfish, except in relation to his liberty and his rights. But while he is not revengeful or ill-natured, he has too much pride and love of self to become subject to the will of others. He could not be trifled with, with impunity; his indignation is extreme, and he would not easily give up the object of his pursuit. His thoughts and feelings are protracted and connected, owing to his large Concentrativeness and Firmness. Inhabitiveness is large, and would render him much attached to home and country; his domestic organs being only fairly developed, he would not be particularly warm-hearted, social, and fond of friends or company-had much rather have influence and power than friends, and, at times, might be tyrannical and dictatorial, yet withal, has much humanity, kindness, and sympathy, for the happiness of others. His intellect is generally well-balanced, and better developed than most persons' belonging to his race. Still he is quite deficient in those faculties giv ng natural refinement, delicacy of feeling, imagination, powers of adaptation, and construction. His general memory and practical talents, I should think, might be good. He has the requisite faculties for rendering him a close observer of men and things, and a good judge of human nature. Though Causality is not very strong, yet, having rather large Secretiveness and Cautiousness, he would be shrewd, artful, and a very good manager. He would have great selfpossession in times of danger, and might easily conceal, by the expressions of his countenance, all appearance of his real feelings or designs, so that it would be difficult to find him out, or detect his plans. His faculties admirably adapt him to take the lead, secure power, and command the respect of others, as well as render him capable of exerting a controlling influence over the minds of those

like the native Africans. His cerebral organisation, as a whole, I should think, was also superior to the majority of negroes' in our own country.

New York, November, 8th, 1839.

Yours, &c.

L. N. FOWLER.

MISCELLANY.

Phrenology in Hartford, Ct.-Mr. Combe delivered a course of lectures on phrenology in this city during the month of October. We copy from the "Hartford Times," of November 2d, the following interesting statement, giving an account of the reception of these lectures, together with the views which some of the most intelligent, scientific, and moral citizens of Hartford entertain respecting the science.

"At a meeting of Mr. Combe's class, held at Gilman's Hall, on Friday evening, October 25th, immediately after the delivery of the last lecture of his phrenological course, the class was organised by calling the Rev. Dr. Totten to the chair, and appointing Wm. Jas. Hamersley secretary. "On motion, a committee was appointed to draft resolutions for the consideration of the class.

"The committee consisted of the Rev. T. H. Gallaudet, Erastus Smith, Esq., and Dr. A. Brigham.

"The committee having reported, the following resolutions were discussed, and unanimously adopted :

66 Resolved, That we have derived great pleasure and instruction from the interesting lectures of Mr. Combe.

"Resolved, That, from his able exposition of phrenology, we have learned numerous facts in relation to intellectual, moral, and physical education.

"Resolved, That we consider his exposition of the subject of importance in teaching us the functions of the brain, and believe that beneficial results will be witnessed from the application of its principles to the education of youth, to legislation, jurisprudence, and the treatment of the insane.

"Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed to convey to Mr. Combe these resolutions of his class, and also an expression of thanks for the gratification his lectures have afforded them.

"The committee appointed in accordance with the last resolution, consisted of the Rev. T. H. Gallaudet, Erastus Smith, Esq., Dr. A. Brigham, the Rev. S. Hovey, and Professor Stewart.

"On motion, adjourned.

"WM. JAS. HAMERSLEY, Secretary."

"SILAS TOTTEN, Chairman.

Application of Phrenology to Education.-We find, in the July number of the British Phrenological Journal, a report of an interesting discussion before the Aberdeen Phrenological Society, on the application of the science to education. Mr. Connon, who had applied its prin

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