loped at one and the same time, but at several different periods of life."

6. "The existence of sundry single dispositions, and their being attended with their respective organs in the brain, likewise is proved from many phenomena which appear in hurts and distempers of the brain."

7. "We lastly may, from many other physiological and psychological phenomena and facts, be led to suppose that every single mental power must have its own organ in the brain." Dr. Gall here enters into an examination of the philosophy of sleeping, dreaming, somnambulism, visions, ecstacies, and the effects of medicines and intoxicating drinks on the brain, and deduces from each of these, severally, many important facts and arguments in proof of a plurality of cerebral organs. His remarks on the organisation and growth of the skull, showing that its general shape and particular protuberances are occasioned by the brain, and, consequently, that its external surface corresponds to its internal, and therefore the size of the individual cerebral organs may be very accurately ascertained by the developements of the skull-his remarks on all these topics are copious, critical, and satisfactory. After disposing of these points, Dr. Gall enters upon the description and an analysis of the several mental faculties which he had then discovered. In this list, we find twenty-seven organs mentioned, the names of which are as follows:-"The impulse to propagation; Tenderness for offspring; The organ of the aptness to receive an education; The organ of Locality; Of the recollection of persons; The disposition for colouring, and the delighting in colours; The organ of sound; Arithmetic; Words; Language; Mechanical skill; Friendly attachment; Valour; Murdering; Cunning; Larceny; Weight; Ambition and vanity; Circumspection; Comparative perspicuity; Metaphysical perspicuity; Wit; Inference; Good-nature; Theosophy; Perseverance and Mimic."

These are the English names applied by the translator, and it is

*The following curious fact, under this head, is introduced by the compiler of the work in the form of a note:-" Very remarkable is the instance which the celebrated Villers, in his exposition of Gall's system, relates of a young woman, who, through some accident during her first child bed, lost all recollection of what had happened to her ever since her marriage. She would hear neither of her husband nor of her child, constantly endeavoured to remove both from her, and nothing but repeated persuasions and the authority of the asseverations of her relatives were able to convince her that she was a wife and a mother. She, however, could never recollect the first year of her wedlock."-Monthly Mag. Jan. 1805, p. 494.

quite probable that many of them do not clearly express the sense, or just the right shade of meaning which Gall might have intended, as he first described and named the organs in the German language. It will be observed that these names have now been very much changed, and that several additional organs have since been discovered. This might rationally be expected in the farther developements of the science, and it moreover affords evidence of the truth and reality of the discoveries. Though some changes have taken place in the number and nomenclature of the organs, yet the location and essential functions of all the organs which Gall discovered and described, remain now the same that they ever were.

There is abundant evidence to prove that Dr. Gall did not first map out the skull, or merely conjecture the location of the organs, but, on the contrary, that he proceeded slowly, step by step, discovering first one organ, then another, and another. In proof of this, we quote the following remarks made by Mr. Combe, last year, in his lectures in this city:-"When I was in Germany," says Mr. Combe, "I saw a collection of books describing the science at different stages of its progress, and also skulls marked at different times; all proving that the organs were discovered in succession. Indeed, I have found in this country a most unexpected corrobora. I tion of the fact. Nicholas Biddle, Esq. of this city, when a young man, and on a visit to Europe, in 1806, attended a course of Dr. Gall's lectures, and was so much interested, that he requested Dr. Spurzheim to mark out the places of the organs on the skull, which he did. This is the skull, (which Mr. Biddle has kindly presented me, saying that I could make a better use of it than he could,) and you perceive that there are a number of unoccupied places. You perceive that Hope, Conscientiousness, Individuality, Concentrativeness, Time, Size, and Weight, are not marked upon it, they, at that time, being unascertained."

ARTICLE V.

A Lecture delivered before the Woodville Lyceum Association, by MARIANO CUBI I SOLER, Professor of Modern Languages in the College of Louisiana. 8vo. pp. 24.

This is an address on phrenology, delivered publicly before a large audience at Woodville, by Professor Soler, of the Louisiana College, located at Jackson, From numerous sources, we have evidence

to believe that phrenology not only has many able advocates, but has created a very general interest throughout all classes of the community, in this portion of the United States. The science is taught in several of their public institutions of learning, and not unfrequently is made the theme of popular addresses and lectures. Such is the character of the pamphlet now before us. Though it treats chiefly of the elementary principles of the science, yet they are ably and lucidly discussed, under the following heads;-First, that the mind acts through the brain; Secondly, that the mind employs, variously, different portions of the brain; and, Thirdly, that size of brain is a chief element of mental power.

After disposing of these propositions, Professor Soler discourses in a general manner on the three natures of man, moral, intellectual, and animal; that there are certain innate faculties or powers pertaining to each, and possessing certain fixed and definite relations to external objects; that these faculties are all primarily good in their nature, though liable to perversion; that man is, by his creation, a free moral agent, and can direct and control these powers at his will; that his highest happiness, and the perfection of his being, require that all these faculties should be exercised in perfect harmony, and gratified by their appropriate objects, and that such a course is no less in accordance with the laws of the nature of man than with the

requirements of God. As a specimen of his style and manner of treating the subject, we present below the last two pages of this lecture.

"We must study man as he has been created; created by supremely perfect wisdom, for supremely perfect ends; with imperfect but improving elements-with liabilities to sink into vice, but with powers to walk in the path of rectitude-with tendencies to suffer misery, but with capacities to seek and enjoy present and future happiness.

"But religion, as well as philosophy, shows that virtue and happiness, not vice and misery, were the object of the Almighty in the creation of man. Religion, as well as philosophy, shows that virtue and happiness consist in obeying, as far as we can, the laws which God has established for the physical and moral government of the universe; and that, therefore, it becomes our most imperative duty to discover these laws, that we may act in accordance with the will of our Heavenly Father. Phrenology explains the laws which govern mind here below-mind, as it exists in our present condition, connected with matter. Without a knowledge of it, therefore, we remain, to a very great extent, ignorant of the manner in which we ought to act, in the most important occasions of our lives, to ensure, now and hereafter, happiness to ourselves and others.

"Take marriage for example. Without a knowledge of phrenologywithout knowing that God has, by an eternal, unchangeable decree, ordained that man can only be virtuous and happy by satisfying temperately and harmoniously all his desires, we may enter into that condition and reap from it ourselves, and communicate or transmit to others,

affliction and misery instead of gratification and joy. Suppose a person, influenced only by love of the beautiful and love of property, disregards the cravings of the remaining thirty-three mental instincts, and forms a matrimonial connection with an individual beautiful and rich, indeed, but incapable of gratifying the other organs. Ideality and Acquisitiveness will no doubt luxuriate for a while, but, like hunger surrounded by dainties, they will soon cease to crave. In this satiated condition, Benevolence, Adhesiveness, intellect, Self-esteem, will cry aloud for satisfaction; and if, instead of finding in the individual with whom we have connected ourselves for life the proper qualities to appease the cravings of these other mental appetites, we only find there immoral principles, levity, ignorance, and undignified deportment, what a harvest of affliction and misery we shall reap, notwithstanding the transcendent beauty and immense property of our partner! On the other hand, if we marry chiefly with a view to satisfy what is termed pure, disinterested love, and even all our moral sentiments, but disregard Acquisitiveness and the sense of feeling, thus becoming blind to the known laws of physical existence and transmission, neither the most exquisite, the most refined satisfaction of all our affections, nor the most sublime and heaven-like enjoyment of all our virtuous cravings, will make up for the miseries of want, or the pangs created by a deformed, sickly, halfstarved, suffering progeny.

"As this principle is of universal application, I might multiply, without end, examples in illustration of it. The one offered may suffice for the present. We may smile, or we may be serious, when we hear of man's possessing thirty-five organs, and of his having various clashing, opposing, and antagonistic desires; but it will nevertheless be certain, that the greater number of them we satisfy in any action, the more religious, moral, happy we are, and shall be, as far as that action is concerned; and the fewer we gratify, the more vicious, immoral, and miserable. With a knowledge of phrenology we shall be certain, that in marriage, or in any other action, not one but all our organs must be satisfied temperately and in due proportion, and that, therefore, we must study not only the nature of the action in all its bearings, but also ourselves as connected with that action. When we shall be certain that our animal passions, as well as our intellectual powers and moral feelings, will all be, by that action, temperately and harmoniously gratified, then, and not till then, shall we be certain that we are right-then, and not till then, shall we be certain that we obey the laws of God.

"And here, in conclusion, permit me to observe, that power of acting establishes duty of performance. If it has pleased Infinite Wisdom to bestow upon us animal instincts, moral sentiments, and intellectual powers, and to place us in a sphere where these capacities can find ample scope for action and guidance, as all the facts which constitute the sciences of geology, physiology, and phrenology prove, we are in duty bound to give them well regulated exercise. We can, as moral and intellectual beings, discern results, and be anxious to act for the general good. If we do not use our efforts so to do, as far as in us lies the power, we are responsible to God and man for our neglect, and for all the evil to us and to others, which shall arise from it. He who acts now, without connecting his present action with its inevitable future result, and without ascertaining, as far as it is in his power to ascertain, that the result will be for present as well as future, for individual as well as general happiness, acts not like a man, and clearly transgresses the laws of God, which have given him the power, and therefore made it his duty to use efforts to become more and more virtuous, useful, and happy."

ARTICLE VI.

Treatise on the Physiological and Moral Management of Infancy, by ANDREW COMBE, M. D. with Notes and a Supplementary Chapter, by JOHN BELL, M. D. 12mo. pp. 307.

Published by Carey & Hart.

This is the title of a new work from the well-known pen of Dr. A. Combe, and though its contents do not strictly come within the province of phrenology, yet from the intrinsic value of its matter, as well as from its intimate connection with the principles of that science, we deem the work well worthy of a notice in this place. From a critical examination of its pages, we predict that this new production of Dr. Combe is destined to be as popular, and to have as extensive a circulation, as his former work on the "Principles of Physiology, applied to Health and Education."* The increasing demand for works on the subject of physiology and its practical applications, is a cheering evidence of the advancement of a department of knowledge which, of all others, involves most seriously the happiness and best interests of mankind. The primary cause of this change in the community may be attributed, in no small degree, to the interest which the discovery and progress of phrenology have created. In fact, phrenology is strictly a part of physiology, being simply the results of an investigation into the true functions of the brain-the most important organ in the human body. The advocates of this science were the first in Great Britain to proclaim the vast importance of a general diffusion of a knowledge of the laws of physical organisation. They took the lead in expounding these laws, and showing their various applications, by writing popular essays for sundry periodicals, by the publication of numerous works, and the delivery of many public lectures on the subject. Such, also, has been the case in our own country.

No person but a believer in phrenology can fully perceive and appreciate the important bearings which the principles of physiology has on human happiness. It is absolutely necessary to see the entire dependence of all mental manifestations upon physical organisation, before mankind will ever pay that attention to the laws of the animal economy which their nature and importance demand. This

* We are informed, on good authority, that the Messrs. Harpers, of New York, have sold over thirty thousand copies of this work within four years, and they have recently issued a new edition, considerably improved and enlarged, which will undoubtedly find as great a sale.