International Law: A Treatise, Том 2

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Longmans, Green and Company, 1921

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Objects of Reprisals
37
Development of Practice of Pacific Blockade
44
92
50
Value of Reprisals
52
Manner of Pacific Blockade
53
Economic Boycott
61
War a Contention
67
Particular Region of every
71
War a Contention between States
73
76a The Case of the CzechoSlovaks
77
73
98
45
103
Rules of Warfare independent of Causes of
104
Privateers
109
46
117
Who may claim to be Prisoners of
125
49
136
General Effects of the Outbreak of War
143
Rupture of Diplomatic Intercourse and Consular Activity
144
Cancellation of Treaties
145
Precarious Position of Belligerents Subjects on Enemy Territory
147
100a Persona standi in judicio on Enemy Territory
150
Intercourse especially Trading between Subjects of Belli gerents
152
Position of Belligerents Property in the Enemy State
157
102a Effect of the Outbreak of War on Merchantmen
160
Causes in contradistinction to Pretexts for
166
Objects of the Means of Warfare
167
Violence against Enemy Persons 107 On Violence in general against Enemy Persons
168
Killing and Wounding of Combatants
169
Refusal of Quarter
170
Explosive Bullets
171
Expanding DumDum Bullets
172
Violence against nonCombatant Members of Armed Forces
173
Violence against Private Enemy Persons
175
Violence against the Head of the Enemy State and against Officials in Important Positions
176
Origin of Geneva Convention
177
The Wounded and the Sick
179
Medical Units and Establishments and Material
180
Personnel
181
Convoys of Evacuation
183
Treatment of the Dead
184
Immunity of Fishing Boats and Small Boats employed in Local
187
Bureau of Information
193
Utilisation of Public Buildings
199
Booty on the Battlefield
205
Destruction of Enemy Property
212
Assault Siege and Bombardment when lawful
218
Espionage and War Treason SECT PAGE 159 Twofold Character of Espionage and War Treason
222
Espionage in contradistinction to Scouting and Despatch bearing
223
Punishment of Espionage
225
War Treason
226
Ruses 163 Character of Ruses of War
227
Stratagems in contradistinction to Perfidy
229
Occupation of Enemy Territory 166 Occupation as an Aim of Warfare
230
Occupation when effected
233
Occupation when ended
236
Rights of the Occupant regarding the Inhabitants
238
Position of Government Officials and Municipal Functionaries during Occupation
243
CHAPTER IV
246
Lawful and Unlawful Practices of Sea Warfare
247
Objects of the Means of Sea Warfare
248
Declaration of Paris
250
The Principle of Appropriation of Private Enemy Vessels and Enemy Goods thereon
252
Codification of Law of Sea Warfare
254
Attack and Seizure of Enemy Vessels
255
Importance of Attack and Seizure of Enemy Vessels
256
Attack how effected
258
182a Submarine Contact Mines
259
Duty of giving Quarter
261
Effect of Seizure
262
Immunity of Vessels charged with Religious Scientific or Philanthropic Mission
264
194a Destruction of Prizes by Submarines
276
The Crews of Merchantmen
281
124a Prevention of Abuses 185
284
Adaptation of Geneva Convention to Sea Warfare
285
Espionage Treason Ruses
291
Interference with Submarine Telegraph Cables
297
AIR WARFARE
299
Licences to Trade
305
Deserters and Traitors
308
Abuse of Flag of Truce
311
Competence to conclude Capitulations
317
Partial Armistices
323
SECT PAGE
325
How Legitimate Warfare is to a certain extent secured
331
298
335
Reprisals admissible for every Illegitimate Act of Warfare
337
Hostilities in Arms by Private Individuals
345
Modern Practice of taking Hostages
351
On Termination of War in general
356
Peace Negotiations
362
Competence to establish Blockade
366
Principle of Uti Possidetis
368
Postliminium
374
Declaration and Notification of Blockade
376
PART III
381
CHAPTER I
383
Neutrality during the Middle Ages
384
Neutrality during the Seventeenth Century
385
Progress of Neutrality during the Eighteenth Century
386
Enemy Character
389
Neutrality an Attitude creating Rights and Duties
402
Neutrality an Attitude of States
403
No Cessation of Intercourse during Neutrality between Neutrals and Belligerents
404
Neutrality an Attitude during War Neutrality in Civil vil War
405
Neutrality to be recognised by the Belligerents
406
Different Kinds of Neutrality 300 Perpetual Neutrality
408
General and Partial Neutrality
409
Benevolent Neutrality
410
Perfect and Qualified Neutrality
411
Some Historical Examples of Qualified Neutrality
412
Commencement and End of Neutrality 307 Neutrality commences with Knowledge of the War
413
Commencement of Neutrality in Civil War
414
Municipal Neutrality Laws
415
British Foreign Enlistment Act
416
End of Neutrality
417
CHAPTER II
419
SZCT PAGE 315 Rights and Duties of Neutrals contested
420
Contents of Duty of Impartiality
422
Duty of Impartiality continuously growing more intense before the World War
423
Contents of Duty of Belligerents to treat Neutrals in accordance with their Impartiality
424
Neutrals and Military Operations
428
Hostilities by and against Neutrals
429
Furnishing Troops and MenofWar to Belligerents
432
Subjects of Neutrals fighting among Belligerent Forces
433
Passage of Troops and War Material through Neutral Territory
434
Passage of Wounded through Neutral Territory
436
Passage of MenofWar
437
Occupation of Neutral Territory by Belligerents
438
Prize Courts on Neutral Territory
439
Belligerents Prizes in Neutral Ports
440
Neutrals and Military Preparations
442
Depots and Factories on Neutral Territory
443
Passage of Bodies of Men intending to Enlist
444
Organisation of Hostile Expeditions
445
Building and Fittingout of Vessels intended for Naval Opera tions
451
The Alabama Case and the Three Rules of Washington
453
Neutral Asylum to Land Forces War Material and Airmen 336 On Neutral Asylum in general
456
Neutral Territory and Prisoners of War
457
Fugitive Soldiers and Deserters on Neutral Territory
459
Neutral Territory and Fugitive Troops
460
Neutral Territory and nonCombatant Members of Belligerent Forces
462
341a Neutral Territory and Belligerent Airmen
463
Asylum to Naval Forces in contradistinction to Asylum to Land Forces
464
Neutral Asylum to Naval Forces optional
465
Asylum to Naval Forces in Distress
466
Exterritoriality of MenofWar during Asylum
467
Facilities to MenofWar during Asylum
469
SECT PAGE 348 Neutral MenofWar as an Asylum
471
348a Neutral Territory and Shipwrecked Soldiers and Sailors
473
Neutral Territory and Shipwrecked War Material
477
Supplies and Loans to Belligerents 349 Supply on the part of Neutrals
480
Supply on the part of Subjects of Neutrals
481
Loans and Subsidies on the part of Neutrals
484
Loans and Subsidies on the part of Subjects of Neutrals
485
Services to Belligerents 353 Pilotage
487
Transport on the part of Neutrals
488
Transport on the part of Neutral Merchantmen and by Private Neutral Rolling Stock
489
Violation of Neutrality 357 Violation of Neutrality in the Narrower and in the Wider Sense of the Term
493
Violation in contradistinction to End of Neutrality
494
Consequences of Violations of Neutrality
495
Neutrals not to acquiesce in Violations of Neutrality com mitted by a Belligerent
496
Cases of The General Armstrong and The Dresden
497
Mode of exacting Reparation from Belligerents for Violations of Neutrality
499
Negligence on the part of Neutrals
502
Right of Angary 364 The Original Right of Angary
503
The Modern Right of Angary
506
Right of Angary concerning Neutral Rolling Stock
509
CHAPTER III
511
Blockade Strategic and Commercial
513
Blockade to be Universal
514
What Places can be Blockaded
515
Effectiveness of Blockade
523
385a What constituted an Attempt to break Blockade according
532
Capture of Blockaderunning Vessels
538
CHAPTER IV
545
Absolute and Conditional Contraband and Free Articles
552
gerents
563
Direct Carriage of Contraband
566
Indirect Carriage of Contraband Doctrine of Continuous Transports
568
Continental Support to the Doctrine of Continuous Transports
571
403a The Declaration of London concerning the Doctrine of Contin uous Voyages and the Practice during the World War
573
Consequences of Carriage of Contraband
576
Capture for Carriage of Contraband
577
Penalty for Carriage of Contraband according to the Practice hitherto prevailing
578
Penalty according to the Declaration of London for Carriage of Contraband
581
406a Seizure of Contraband without Seizure of the Vessel
583
CHAPTER V
585
Carriage of Persons for the Enemy
586
Transmission of Intelligence to the Enemy
592
Unneutral Service creating Enemy Character
594
Consequences of Unneutral Service 411 Capture for Unneutral Service
596
Seizure of Enemy Persons and Despatchos without Seizure of Vessel
599
413a Seizure of Enemy Reservists during the World War
601
CHAPTER VI
604
Right of Visitation by whom when and where exercised
605
Only Private Vessels may be visited
606
No Universal Rules regarding Mode of Visitation
609
546
649
Enemy Character of Goods
650
Commencement of War in general
664

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Страница 24 - Disputes as to the interpretation of a treaty, as to any question of international law, as to the existence of any fact which if established would constitute a breach of any international obligation, or as to the extent and nature of the reparation to be made for any such breach, are declared to be among those which are generally suitable for submission to arbitration or judicial settlement.
Страница 38 - If a State so invited shall refuse to accept the obligations of membership in the League for the purposes of such dispute, and shall resort to war against a Member of the League, the provisions of Article 16 shall be applicable as against the State taking such action.
Страница 454 - First, to use due diligence to prevent the fitting out, arming, or equipping, within its jurisdiction, of any vessel which it has reasonable ground to believe is intended to cruise or to carry on war against a power with which it is at peace...
Страница 37 - Assembly, if concurred in by the Representatives of those Members of the League represented on the Council and of a majority of the other Members of the League, exclusive in each case of the Representatives of the parties to the dispute...
Страница 106 - To conduct their operations in accordance with the laws and customs of war. In countries where militia or volunteer corps constitute the army, or form part of it, they are included under the denomination "army.
Страница 92 - The right of belligerents to adopt means of injuring the enemy is not unlimited.
Страница 343 - A belligerent is forbidden to force the inhabitants of territory occupied by it to furnish information about the army of the other belligerent or about its means of defence.
Страница 344 - Convention for the adaptation to maritime warfare of the principles of the Geneva Convention of August 22, 1864.
Страница 591 - If, to the knowledge of either the owner, the charterer, or the master, she is transporting a military detachment of the enemy, or one or more persons who, in the course of the voyage, directly assist the operations of the enemy.
Страница 561 - Articles intended for the use of the vessel in which they are found, as well as those intended for the use of her crew and passengers during the voyage.

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