(V) a vessel or seaplane on the water is "under way" when she is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground;

(VI) the term "height above the hull" means height above the uppermost continuous deck;

(VII) the length and breadth of a vessel shall be deemed to be her length overall and largest breadth;

(VIII) the length and span of a seaplane shall be its maximum length and span as shown in its certificate of airworthiness, or as determined by measurement in the absence of such certificiate;

(IX) vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one can be observed visually from the other;

(X) the word "visible," when applied to lights, means visible on a dark night with a clear atmosphere;

tion;

(XI) the term "short blast" means a blast of about one second's dura

(XII) the term "prolonged blast" means a blast of from four to six seconds' duration;

(XIII) the word "whistle" means any appliance capable of producing the prescribed short and prolonged blasts;

(XIV) the term "engaged in fishing" means fishing with nets, lines or trawls, but does not include fishing with trolling lines.

f

SECTION 25. LIGHTS AND SHAPES

Part B

Rule 2 (Appendix 2)

(a) A power-driven vessel when under way shall carry:

(I) on or in front of the foremast, or if a vessel without a foremast then in the forepart of the vessel, a white light so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 225° (20 points of the compass), so fixed as to show the light 112° (10 points) on each side of the vessel, i.e., from right ahead to 22-1/2° (2 points) abaft the beam on either side, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 5 miles;

(II) either forward or abaft the white light prescribed in Subsection (I) a second white light similar in construction and character to that light. Vessels of less than 45.75 m (150 feet) in length shall not be required to carry this second white light, but may do so;

(III) these two white lights shall be so placed in a line with and over the keel that one shall be at least 4.57 m (15 feet) higher than the other and in such a position that the forward light shall always be shown lower than the after one. The horizontal distance between the two lights shall be at least three times the vertical distance. The lower of these two white lights or, if only one is

carried, then that light, shall be placed at a height above the hull of not less than 6.10 m (20 feet), and, if the breadth of the vessel exceeds 6.10 m (20 feet), then at a height above the hull not less than such breadth, so however that the light need not be placed at a greater height above the hull than 12.19 m (40 feet). In all circumstances the light or lights, as the case may be, shall be so placed as to be clear of and above all other lights and obstructing superstructures;

(IV) on the starboard side, a green light so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 112-1/2° (10 points) of the compass, so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 22-1/2° (2 points) abaft the beam on the starboard side, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 2 miles;

(V) on the port side, a red light so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 112-1/2° (10 points) of the compass, so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 22-1/2° (2 points) abaft the beam on the port side, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 2 miles; (VI) the said green and red sidelights shall be fitted with inboard screens projecting at least 3 feet forward from the light, so as to prevent these lights from being seen across the bows.

(b) A seaplane under way on the water shall carry:

(I) in the forepart amidships, where it can best be seen, a white light, so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 220° of the compass, so fixed as to show the light 110° on each side of the seaplane, i.e., from right ahead to 20° abaft the beam on either side, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 3 miles;

(II) on the right or starboard wing tip a green light, so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 110° of the compass, so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 20° abaft the beam on the starboard side, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 2 miles;

(III) on the left or port wing tip a red light, so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 110° of the compass, so fixed as to show the light from right ahead of 20° abaft the beam on the port side, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 2 miles.

Rule 3 (Appendix 3)

(a) A power-driven vessel when towing or pushing another vessel or seaplane shall, in addition to her sidelights, carry two white lights in a vertical line one over the other, not less than 1.83 m (6 feet) apart, and when towing and the length of the tow, measuring from the stern of the towing vessel to the stern of the last vessel towed, exceeds 183 m (600 feet), shall carry three white lights in a vertical line one over the other, so that the upper and lower lights shall be the same distance from, and not less than 1.83 m (6 feet) above or below, the middle light. Each of these lights shall be of the same construction and character, and visibility range, and one of them shall be carried in the same position as the white light mentioned in Rule 2 (a) (I). None of these lights

shall be carried at a height of less than 4.27 m (14 feet) above the hull. In a vessel with a single mast, such lights may be carried on the mast.

(b) The towing vessel shall also show either the stern light specified in Rule 10 or, in lieu of that light, a small white light abaft the funnel or aftermast for the tow to steer by, but such light shall not be visible forward of the beam. (c) Between sunrise and sunset a power-driven vessel engaged in towing, if the length of tow exceeds 183 m (600 feet), shall carry, where it can best be seen, a black diamond shape at least 0.61 m (2 feet) in diameter.

(d) A seaplane on the water, when towing one or more seaplanes or vessels, shall carry the lights prescribed in Rule 2 (b) (I), (II) and (III); and, in addition, she shall carry a second white light of the same construction and character as the white light prescribed in Rule 2 (b) (I), and in a vertical line at least 1.83 m (6 feet) above or below such light.

Rule 4 (Appendices 6, 7, 8)

(a) A vessel which is not under command shall carry, where they can best be seen, and, if a power-driven vessel, in lieu of the lights prescribed in Rule 2 (a) (I) and (II), two red lights in a vertical line one over the other, not less than 6 feet apart, and of such a character as to be visible all round the horizon at a distance of at least 2 miles. By day, she shall carry in a vertical line one over the other not less than 1.83 m (6 feet) apart, where they can best be seen, two black balls or shapes, each not less than 0.61 m (2 feet) in diameter.

(b) A seaplane on the water which is not under command may carry, where they can best be seen, and in lieu of the light prescribed in Rule 2 (b) (I), two red lights in a vertical line, one over the other, not less than 0.91 m (3 feet) apart, and of such a character as to be visible all round the horizon at a distance of at least 2 miles, and may by day carry in a vertical line one over the other not less than 0.91 m (3 feet) apart, where they can best be seen, two black balls or shapes, each not less than 0.61 m (2 feet) in diameter.

(c) A vessel engaged in laying or in picking up a submarine cable or navigation mark, or a vessel engaged in surveying or underwater operations, or a vessel engaged in replenishment at sea, or in the launching or recovery of aircraft when from the nature of her work she is unable to get out of the way of approaching vessels, shall carry, in lieu of the lights prescribed in Rule 2 (a) (I) and (II), or Rule 7 (a) (I), three lights in a vertical line one over the other so that the upper and lower lights shall be the same distance from, and not less than 1.83 m (6 feet) above or below, the middle light. The highest and lowest of these lights shall be red, and the middle light shall be white, and they shall be of such a character as to be visible all round the horizon at a distance of at least 2 miles. By day, she shall carry in a vertical line one over the other not less than 1.83 m (6 feet) apart, where they can best be seen, three shapes each not less than 0.61 m (2 feet) in diameter, of which the highest and lowest shall be globular in shape and red in color, and the middle one diamond in shape and white.

(d) (I) A vessel engaged in minesweeping operations shall carry at the fore truck a green light, and at the end or ends of the fore yard on the side or sides on which danger exists, another such light or lights. These lights shall be carried in addition to the light prescribed in Rule 2 (a) (I) or Rule 7 (a) (I), as appropriate, and shall be of such a character as to be visible all round the horizon at a distance of at least 2 miles. By day she shall carry black balls, not less than 2 feet in diameter, in the same position as the green lights;

(II) the showing of these lights or balls indicates that it is dangerous for other vessels to approach closer than 3,000 feet astern of the minesweeper or 1,500 feet on the side or sides on which danger exists.

(e) The vessels and seaplanes referred to in this Rule, when not making way through the water, shall show neither the colored sidelights nor the stern light, but when making way they shall show them.

(f) The lights and shapes prescribed in this Rule are to be taken by other vessels and seaplanes as signals that the vessel or seaplane showing them is not under command and cannot therefore get out of the way.

(g) These signals are not signals of vessels in distress and requiring assistance. Such signals are contained in Rule 31.

Rule 5 (Appendix 4)

(a) A sailing vessel under way and any vessel or seaplane being towed shall carry the same lights as are prescribed in Rule 2 for a power-driven vessel or a seaplane under way, respectively, with the exception of the white lights prescribed therein, which they shall never carry. They shall also carry stern lights as prescribed in Rule 10, provided that vessels towed, except the last vessel of a tow, may carry, in lieu of such stern light, a small white light as prescribed in Rule 3 (b).

(b) In addition to the lights prescribed in Section (a), a sailing vessel may carry on the top of the foremast two lights in a vertical line one over the other, sufficiently separated so as to be clearly distinguished. The upper light shall be red and the lower light shall be green. Both lights shall be constructed and fixed (installed) as prescribed in Rule 2 (a) (I), and shall be visible at a distance of at least 2 miles.

(c) A vessel being pushed ahead shall carry, at the forward end, on the starboard side a green light, and on the port side a red light, which shall have the same characteristics as the lights prescribed in Rule 2 (a) (IV) and (V), and shall be screened as provided in Rule 2 (a) (VI), provided that any number of vessels pushed ahead in a group shall be lighted as one vessel.

(d) Between sunrise and sunset, a vessel being towed, if the length of the tow exceeds 183 m (600 feet), shall carry where it can best be seen a black diamond shape at least 0.61 m (2 feet) in diameter.

Rule 6

(a) When it is not possible on account of bad weather or other sufficient cause to fix the green and red sidelights, these lights shall be kept at hand lighted and ready for immediate use, and shall, on the approach of or to other vessels, be exhibited on their respective sides in sufficient time to prevent collision, in such manner as to make them most visible, and so that the green light shall not be seen on the port side, nor the red light on the starboard side, nor, if practicable, more than 22-1/2° (2 points) abaft the beam on their respective sides.

(b) To make the use of these portable lights more certain and easy, the lanterns containing them shall each be painted outside with the color of the lights they respectively contain, and shall be provided with proper screens.

Rule 7 (Appendix 9)

Power-driven vessels of less than 19.80 m (65 feet) in length, vessels under oars or sails of less than 12.19 m (40 feet) in length, rowing boats, when under way, shall not be required to carry the lights prescribed in Rules 2, 3 and 5, but if they do not carry them they shall be provided with the following lights:

(a) Power-driven vessels of less than 19.80 m (65 feet) in length, except as provided in Subsections (b) and (c), shall carry:

(I) in the forepart of the vessel, where it can best be seen, and at a height above the gunwale of not less than 2.74 m (9 feet), a white light constructed and fixed as prescribed in Rule 2 (a) (I), and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 3 miles;

(II) green and red sidelights constructed and fixed as prescribed in Rule 2 (a) (IV) and (V), and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 1 mile, or a combined lantern showing a green light and a red light from right ahead to 22-1/2° (2 points) abaft the beam on their respective sides. Such lantern shall be carried not less than 0.91 m (3 feet) below the white light.

(b) Power-driven vessels of less than 19.80 m (65 feet) in length, when towing or pushing another vessel, shall carry:

(I) in addition to the sidelights or combined lantern prescribed in Section (a) (II), two white lights in a vertical line one over the other not less than at least 1.22 m (4 feet) apart. Each of these lights shall be of the same construction and character as the white light prescribed in Section (a) (I) and one of them shall be carried in the same position. In a vessel with a single mast such lights may be carried on the mast;

(II) either a stern light as prescribed in Rule 10, or in lieu of that light a small white light abaft the funnel or aftermast for the tow to steer by, but such light shall not be visible forward of the beam.

(c) Power-driven vessels of less than 12.19 m (40 feet) in length may carry the white light at a height less than 2.74 m (9 feet) above the gunwale, but it shall be carried not less than 0.91 m (3 feet) above the sidelights or the combined lantern prescribed in Section (a) (II).