NOTES.

Note 1, page 27.

Budd's treatise was, perhaps, the most thorough attempt that had as yet been made, to call the attention of his countrymen to the advantages of a settlement in the then almost wilderness region of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and the writer, it will be found, brought to the undertaking, a liberal and enlightened spirit, no small share of knowledge and sagacity, and the experience of many years' residence in the new country.

Note 2, page 27.

Our author, so far as relates to New Jersey, refers to Item 7 of the Concession and Agreement, of 1664, of Berkeley and Carteret. "That no person qualified as aforesaid (that is either a subject of the king of England, or who shall become such) within the said province, at any time, shall be any ways molested, punished, disquieted, or called in question, for any difference in opinion or practice in matters of religious concernments, who does not actually disturb the civil peace of the said province; but that all and every such person and persons, may from time to time and at all times, freely and fully have and enjoy his and their judgment and consciences, in matters of religion throughout the said province, they behaving themselves peaceably and quietly, and not using this liberty to licentiousness, nor to the civil injury or outward disturbance of others; any law statute or clause contained or to be contained, usage or custom of this realm of England to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding."

The language of the xvi chapter "of the Charter or fundamental laws of West New Jersey, agreed upon " in 1676, is still more emphatic and comprehensive, and breathes the spirit of men who had suffered for conscience sake.

"That no men, nor number of men upon earth, hath power or authority to rule over men's consciences in religious matters; therefore it is consented, agreed and ordained that no person or persons whatsoever, within

the said province, at any time or times hereafter, shall be any ways, upon any pretense whatsoever, called in question, or in the least punished or hurt, either in person estate or privilege, for the sake of his opinion, judgment, faith or worship towards God in matters of religion; but that all and every such person and persons, may from time to time, and at all times, freely and fully have and enjoy his and their judgments, and the exercise of their consciences, in matters of religious worship throughout all the said province."- Smith's History of New Jersey, 513, 529.

Also see the 10th article of the proposals agreed upon the 9th Nov., 1681, by Gov. Jenings and the Assembly. Id., 128.

The same principles are asserted in the Laws agreed upon in England, on the 5th May, 1682, between Penn and the future freemen of his Province.

Law 35th. "That all persons living in this province who confess and acknowledge the one almighty and eternal God, to be the creator, upholder and ruler of the world, and that hold themselves obliged in conscience to live peaceably and justly in civil society, shall in no ways be molested or prejudiced for their religious persuasion or practice in matters of faith and worship, nor shall they be compelled at any time to frequent or maintain any religious worship, place or ministry whatever."

Note 3, page 29.

Our author's account shows less change in the temperature of the region he describes, than is generally attributed to it.

For a description equally interesting and instructive, see Surveyor Colden's narrative of the temperature and climate of the same territory, written in 1723.-Documents relating to the Colonial History of New York, edited by Dr. O'Callaghan, V, 690.

The reader is also referred to the statements of Thomas Rudyard, Samuel Groome, Gawen Lawrie and others, in Smith's New Jersey, 167 to 189.

Note 4, page 29.

"When the Yorkshire commissioners found the others were like to settle at such a distance, they told them if they would agree to fix by them, they would join in settling a town and that they should have the largest share, on consideration that they (the Yorkshire commissioners) had the best land in the woods: Being few, and the Indians numerous, they agreed

to it.

"The commissioners employed Noble, a surveyor, who came in the first ship, to divide the spot. After the main street was ascertained, he divided the land on each side into lots; the easternmost among the Yorkshire proprietors, the other among the Londoners: To begin a settlement ten lots, of nine acres each, bounding on the west were laid out; that done some passengers from Wickaco, chiefly those concerned in the Yorkshire tenth, arrived the latter end of October. The London commissioners employed Noble to divide the part of the island yet unsurveyed, between the ten London proprietors, in the manner before mentioned: The town thus by mutual consent laid out, the commissioners gave it the name first of New Beverley, then Bridlington, but soon changed it to Burlington.”— Smith's History of New Jersey, 98, 104.

Beverley was a town in Yorkshire, England, as was Burlington. The latter is styled "Burlington or Bridlington," a seaport town of England in the East Riding of Yorkshire, situated on a bay called Burlington Bay, formed by Flamborough Head, which is about 5 miles distant, nearly N. E. Considerable trade is carried on here; and that part of it called Burlington Quay, which is built on the coast, a mile from the town, is much resorted to for sea-bathing. The remains of Burlington Church, founded in the reign of Henry I, prove that it must have been a very fine structure. A weekly market is held here, and two annual fairs. Pop. 5637. 20 miles from Scarborough."- Thomson's New Universal Gazetteer, Lond., 1837.

"Mr. William Hustler, grandfather to Sir William, was a great benefactor to it. The key which is chiefly frequented by colliers and inhabited by sea-faring people, lies near two miles from the town, which is about 5 furlongs length and gives title of Earl to the noble family of Boyle. Here was formerly a priory."-England's Gazetteer, London, 1751.

Note 5, page 29.

De Vries, in his voyage of 1633, says: “The Bay inside of Sandy Hook is a large one, where fifty to sixty ships can lie, well protected from the winds of the sea. Sandy Hook stretches a full half-mile from the hills, forming a flat, sandy beach, about eight or nine paces wide, and is covered with small blue plum trees, which there grow wild." The same sort of fruit is found there, it is said, at this day.- Voyages from Holland to America, A. D. 1632 to 1644. By David Petersen De Vries. Translated from the Dutch by Mr. Henry C. Murphy, New York, 1853 p. 63, and privately printed by Mr. James Lenox.

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De Vries's admirable narrative, and for which, in its English version, all are so much indebted to Mr. Murphy, who has faithfully preserved the spirit of the original, we have never found in fault. The truthfulness, courage, good sense, self reliance and resources of De Vries render the statement of his adventures invaluable to the historical student, a value greatly enhanced from the fact, that he is the only author who speaks of many matters connected with the early history and topography of the Delaware.

Note 6, page 30.

See a historical sketch of New Perth in Whitehead's Contributions to the History of East Jersey.

Note 7, page 30.

The date of the Dutch settlement at Minesink, Minisincks or Meenesink, is involved in doubt, and is one of the most interesting problems connected with the history of Pennsylvania. We shall not even venture a conjecture upon the subject. The occupation extended from the beginning of the flats at the northern base of the Blue Mountains, along both sides of the Delaware; and a very interesting account of it may be found in a communication addressed in 1828 to Mr. Samuel Hazard, the editor of the Register, by Samuel Preston, of Stockport, Wayne County, Penna.

In 1787 Preston, who was deputy under John Lukens, surveyor general, received from the latter the facts, which form the subject of this narrative. It appears that the first information of the settlement did not reach the Provincial Government until about 1729, for in that year, it passed a law that all purchases made of the Indians in that region should be void. In 1730 "Nicholas Scull, the famous surveyor, was appointed an agent to investigate the facts," who took with him, as an assistant, John Lukens; and hiring Indian guides, they had a fatiguing journey, there then being no white inhabitants in the upper part of Bucks or Northampton counties, and after great difficulty in leading their horses through the Water Gap to Meenesink Flats, they arrived at that place, and found it "all settled with Hollanders." The "remarkable Samuel Depui told them that when the rivers were frozen he had a good road to Esopus from the Mine Holes, on the Mine road, some hundred miles, that he took his wheat and cider there, for salt and necessaries, and did not appear to have any knowledge or idea where the river ran, of the Philadelphia market, or of being in the government of Pennsylvania."

"They were of the opinion that the first settlements of Hollanders, in Meenisink, were many years older than William Penn's charter (in 1681) and as Depui had treated them so well they concluded to make a survey of his claim in order to befriend him if necessary. When they began to survey, the Indians gathered round; and an old Indian laid his hand on N. Scull's shoulder and said 'put up iron string, go home.' That they quit and returned." This closed the statement of facts as derived from Lukens. The following is Preston's narrative:

"I had it in charge from John Lukens to learn more particulars respecting the Mine road to Esopus, &c., &c.

"I found Nicholas Depui, Esq. (son of Samuel), living in a spacious stone house, in great plenty and affluence. The old Mine holes were a few miles above on the Jersey side the river, by the lower point of Paaquarry Flat, that the Meene-sink settlement extended 40 miles or more, on both sides the river. That he had well known the Mine road to Esopus, and used, before he opened the boat channel, to drive on it several times every winter with loads of wheat and cider, as also did his neighbors, to purchase their salt and necessaries in Esopus, having then no other market or knowledge where the river ran to; that after a navigable channel was opened, through Foul Rifts, they generally took to boating, and most of the settlement turned their trade down stream and the mine road became less and less traveled. .

This interview with the amiable Nicholas Depui, Esq., was in the month of June, 1787; he then appeard to be perhaps about 60 years of age. I interrogated him as to the particulars of what he knew, as to when and by whom the Mine road was made, what was the ore they dug and hauled on it, what was the date and from whence or how came the first settlers of Meene-sink in such great numbers as to take up all the flats on both sides the river for 40 miles.

"He could only give traditional accounts of what he had heard from older people without date, in substance as follows:

"That in some former age there came a company of miners from Holland, supposed from the great labor that had been expended in making that road about 100 miles long, that they were very rich or great people in working the two mines, one on Delaware, where the mountain nearly approaches the lower point of Paaquarry flat, the other at the north foot of some mountain near half way between Delaware and Esopus, that he ever understood abundance of ore had been hauled on that road, but never could learn whether it was lead or silver.

"That the first settlers came from Holland to seek a place of quiet, being persecuted for their religion. I believe that they were Arminians, they