XV. SOCIAL ECONOMY AND SOCIAL QUESTIONS 1 IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION Statistics.-Preliminary reports published by the Bureau of Immigration for the year ending June 30, 1910, show the following figures: Total immigration to the United States 1,041,570, an excess over 1909 of 289,784. Total for the decade 1900-10, 8,795,386. The four years in which the total has exceeded the million mark are 1905, 1906, 1907, 1910. The grand total of immigration 1820-1910 has been 27,894,293. The racial groups contributing the largest numbers in the total for 1910 tutes, insane, feeble-minded, etc..... 2,399 Among the above were 413 Chinese de223,453 barred on account of the exclusion 128,348 acts. The figures for the last year 84,250 show that the effects of the financial 53,498 panic of 1907-08 upon immigration 38,382 have greatly diminished. 71,380 27,302 Immigrants exceeded emigrants in Sept., 1908, and from that time the tide has steadily increased. Distribution of Immigrants.-In the 1,831,332 decade preceding 1909, immigrants settling in the United States were dis503,102 tributed approximately as follows: 8,795,386 N. Atlantic Division.... 166,528 S. Atlantic Division. Complete figures for the year end- N. Central Division. ing June 30, 1910, are: S. Central Division. 5,150,000 or 69 155,000 or 2 1,167,000 or 22 90,000 or 1.5% 420,000 or 5.5% the University of Pennsyl- New Jersey. Ohio... 2,492,613 1,449,780 576,024 565,340 391,164 326,601 act of 1907 was amended so that the exclusion section now reads as follows: Sec. 2. That the following classes of aliens shall be excluded from admission into the United States: All idiots, imbeciles, feeble-minded persons, epileptics, insane persons, and persons who have been insane within five years previous; persons who have had two or more attacks of insanity at any time previously; paupers; persons likely to become a public charge; professional beggars; persons afflicted with tuberculosis or with a loathsome or dangerous contagious disease; persons not comprehended within any of the foregoing excluded classes who are found to be and are certified by the examining surgeon as being mentally or physically defective, such mental or physical defect being of a nature which may affect the ability of such alien to earn a liv ing; persons who have been convicted of or admit having committed a felony or other crime or misdemeanor involv ing moral turpitude; polygamists, or persons who admit their belief in the practice of polygamy; anarchists, or persons who believe in or advocate the overthrow by force or violence of the Government of the United States, or of all government, or of all forms of law, or the assassination of public officials; prostitutes, or women or girls coming into the United States for the purpose of prostitution or for any other immoral purpose; persons who are supported by or receive in whole or in part the proceeds of prostitution; persons who procure or attempt to bring in prostitutes or women or girls for the purpose of prostitution or for any other immoral purpose; persons hereinafter called contract laborers who have been induced or solicited to migrate to this country by offers or promises of employment or in consequence of agreements, oral, written or printed, expressed or implied, to perform labor in this country of any kind, skilled or unskilled; those who have been, within one year from the date of application for admission to the United States. deported as having been induced or solicited to migrate as above described; any person whose ticket or passage is paid for with the money of another, or who is assisted by others to come, unless it is affirmatively and satisfactorily shown that such person does not belong to one of the foregoing excluded classes and that said ticket or passage was not paid for by any corporation, association, society, municipality, or foreign government, either directly or indirectly; all children under sixteen years of age unaccompanied by one or both of their parents, at the discretion of the Secretary of Commerce and Labor or under such regulations as he may from time to time prescribe: Provided, That nothing in this Act shall exclude, if otherwise admissible, persons convicted of an offense purely political, not involving moral turpitude; Provided further, That the provisions of this section relating to the payments for tickets or passage by any corporation, association, society, municipality, or foreign government shall not apply to the tickets or passage of aliens in immediate and continuous transit through the United States to foreign contiguous territory: And provided further, That skilled labor may be imported if labor of like kind unemployed cannot be found in this country: And provided further, That the provisions of this law applicable to contract labor shall not be held to exclude professional actors, artists, lecturers, singers, ministers of any religious denomination, professors for colleges or seminaries, persons belonging to any recognized learned profession, or persons employed strictly as personal or domestic servants. Section three of the act of 1907 was also amended and now reads as follows: Sec. 3. That the importation into the United States of any alien for the purpose of prostitution or for any other immoral purpose is hereby forbidden; and whoever shall, directly or indirectly, import, or attempt to import, into the United States, any alien for the purpose of prostitution or for any other immoral purpose, or whoever shall hold or attempt to hold any alien for any such purpose in pursuance of such illegal importation, or whoever shall keep, maintain, control, support, employ, or harbor in any house or other place, for the purpose of prostitution or for any other immoral purpose, in pursuance of such illegal importation, any alien, shall in every such case be deemed guilty of a felony, and on conviction thereof be imprisoned not more than ten years and pay a fine of not more than five thousand dollars. Jurisdiction for the trial and punishment of the felonies hereinbefore set forth shall be in any district to or into which said alien is brought in pursuance of said importation by the person or persons accused, or in any district in which a violation of any of the foregoing provisions of this section occur. Any alien who shall be found an inmate of or connected with the management of a house of prostitution or practicing prostitution after such allen shall have entered the United or derive benefit from any part of the earnings of any prostitute; or who is employed by, in, or in connection with any house of prostitution or music or dance hall or other place of amusement or resort habitually frequented by prostitutes, or where prostitutes gather, or who in any way assists, protects, or promises to protect from arrest any prostitute, shall be deemed to be unlawfully within the United States and shall be deported in the manner provided by sec States, or who shall receive, share in, The commission presents several proposals by which restriction of immigration might be affected, including a reading and writing test, the exclusion of unmarried unskilled laborers, limitations upon the number arriving at any one port and from particular races, as well as in the amounts of money in their possession on arrival. All the members of the commission do not concur in the feasibility of the reading and writing tions twenty and twenty-one of this act. That any allen who shall, after he has been debarred or deported in pursuance of the provisions of this section, attempt thereafter to return to or to enter the United States shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be imprisoned for not more than two years. Any alien who shall be convicted under any of the provisions of this section shall, at the expiration of his sentence, be taken into custody and returned to the country whence he came, or of which he is a subject or a citizen in the manner provided in sections twenty and twenty-one of this act. In all prosecutions under this section the testimony of a husband or wife shall be admissible and competent evidence against a wife or husband. Report of the Immigration Commission. - The Immigration act of 1907 provided for a commission of nine persons (three senators, three representatives, and three others) to investigate the whole subject of immigration. This commission expired by limitation on Dec. 5th, and submitted a final report, which is accompanied by forty printed volumes of testimony and findings. In its final report the commission reached the unanimous conclusion that the time had arrived when steps should be taken for the radical restriction of immigration. The report says: The present immigration movement is in large measure due to economic causes; but emigration from Europe is not now an absolute economic necessity, and as a rule those who immigrate to the United States are impelled by a desire for better conditions rather than by the necessity of escaping from intolerable ones. This fact should largely modify the natural incentive to treat the immigration movement from the standpoint of sentiment and permit its consideration primarily as an economic problem. test. BIBLIOGRAPHY List of Books (with references to periodicals) on Immigration. Third Issue. Library of Congress (1907). Select List of References on Chinese Immigration. Library of Congress (1904). (These may be obtained by addressing the Librarian of Congress, Washington, D. C.) Annual Reports of the Commission General of Immigration. (May be obtained by addressing the Immigration Bureau, Washington, D. C.) COMMONS, John R.- - Races and Im- Report of the Industrial Commission, vol. xv, pp. 1-840 (1901); vol. xix, pp. 957-1030 (1902). Report of the Senate Committee on Immigration, Fifty-seventh Congress, Second Session, No. 62 (1902). ROBERTS, Peter.-Anthracite Coal Communities. New York, Macmillan Com part the Tuskegee Institute is playing in working out the problem. He said that in legal form negroes throughout the world had freedom, but they must all realize that freedom, in its deepest and widest meaning, could never be a bequest; it must be a conquest. In America his race both enjoyed advantages and suffered from disadvantages. Among the former it might be said that the negro was the only race that went there by reason of the fact that it had a pressing invitation to do so. Some people suggested that they should go back, but in so far as he could discern their intentions they were planning to remain in the United States, and he believed that in that country there was wisdom, patience, forbearance, Christianity, and patriotism enough to enable each race to live side by side, working out its destiny with justice to the other. They possessed the advantage, too, that, as were counted in this age, the negro in America was a new race, and they stood in the position of being ready and anxious to bend themselves in any direction that offered the best course races negro, but to teach the negro how to no The greatest single achievement at Tuskegee was to be found in the change that had come over the millions of his race in regard to the subject of labor, for there was hope for any race until it had learned that all forms of labor were dignified and all forms of idleness a disgrace. From the Tuskegee Institute alone 6,000 men and women had been sent out who would be found at work in all parts of the southern states, and in demand by whites as well as blacks and schools. for the supervision of farms, industrial establishments, Tuskegee was criticised for paying too much attention to the material things of life. They believed thoroughly in the ethical and more important side of life, but it was difficult to make a good Christian of a His race was respondhungry man. ing magnificently to the efforts which THE PURE FOOD AND DRUGS PAUL PIERCE iting food adulteration. for their uplifting. The Tuskegee Institute was started in a For twenty-five years an effort to little shanty with one teacher and thirty students. To-day it has be- enact food legislation had failed in tween 1,600 and 1,700 men and wom- Congress. Pres. Roosevelt took cogen students, who come from thirty-six nizance of the deplorable condition states in the Union and twenty-two of the foods Americans were forced foreign countries, and 176 instructors to eat, and in his message to the fiftyand helpers. It stands on 3,000 acres, ninth Congress, placed himself on and with four exceptions its ninety- record as being unqualifiedly in favor six buildings were almost wholly of food reforms and strongly recomconstructed by the labor of the stu-mended the passage of a law prohibdents. The property is valued at Congress acted upon his recomabout $1,000,000, and there is not one dollar of mortgage upon it. The mendation, and passed the law known annual expense of carrying on the as the pure food and drugs act of work of the Institute is $256,000. June 30, 1906. The law is very thorWhile the Institute thoroughly be-ough in its provisions, and is in the The patentlieved in university and professional main accomplishing the purpose for education for a large number of the which it was enacted. negro race, it also believed that in medicine fakir is hit the hardest of their present stage of civilization it all. The law provides that the quanwas important to emphasize hand tity of any opium, cocain, morphin, training. When the negro was freed chloroform, eucan, hasheesh, alcohol, or any of several other poisons, must he felt that labor with the hand was past, and students came to him in be plainly stated on the outside of disgust when they found they had to the package. put up their own buildings. His answer to them was that the object of the Institute was not to work the Adulteration. - Drugs, in general, are held to be adulterations if they differ from the recognized standard 401 |