(3) The number of established cases, and the number of deaths. (4) For plague: The existence among rats or mice of plague, or of an unusual mortality; for yellow fever: The existence of stegomyia fasciata in the locality.

(5) The measures taken immediately after the first appearance. ARTICLE III. The notification and the information prescribed in Articles I and II are to be addressed to diplomatic and consular agents in the capital of the infected country; but this is to be construed as not preventing direct communication between officials charged with the public health of the several countries.

For countries which are not thus represented, they are to be transmitted directly by telegraph to the governments of such countries. ARTICLE IV. The notification and the information prescribed in Articles I and II are to be followed by further communications dispatched in a regular manner in order to keep the governments informed of the progress of the epidemic.

These communications, which are to be made at least once a week, and which are to be as complete as possible, should indicate in detail the precautions taken to prevent the extension of the disease.

They should set forth: First, the prophylactic measures taken relative to sanitary or medical inspection, to isolation and disinfection; Second, the measures taken relative to departing vessels to prevent the exportation of the disease, and, especially under the circumstances mentioned in paragraph 4 of Article II of this section, the measures taken against rats and mosquitoes.

ARTICLE V. The prompt and faithful execution of the preceding provisions is of the very first importance.

The notifications only have a real value if each government is warned in time of cases of plague, cholera or yellow fever and of suspicious cases of those diseases supervening in its territory. It cannot then be too strongly recommended to the various governments to make obligatory the declaration of cases of plague, cholera or yellow fever, and of giving information of all unusual mortality of rats and mice especially in ports.

ARTICLE VI. It is understood that neighboring countries reserve to themselves the right to make special arrangements with a view of organizing a service of direct information between the chiefs of administration upon the frontiers.

SECTION II. Conditions showing a given territorial area to be infected, or to have been freed from infection.

ARTICLE VII. Information of a first case of plague, cholera or yellow fever does not justify against a territorial area where it may appear, the application of the measures prescribed in Chapter II as hereinafter indicated.

Upon the occurrence of several non-imported cases of plague, or a non-imported case of yellow fever or when cases of cholera form a focus, the area is to be declared infected.

ARTICLE VIII. To limit the measures to the affected regions alone, governments should only apply them to persons and articles proceeding from the contaminated or infected areas.

By the word "area" is understood a well determined portion of territory described in the information which accompanies or follows

notification, thus, a province, a state, "a government," a district, a department, a canton, an island, a commune, a city, a quarter of a city, a village, a port, a "polder," a hamlet, etc., whatever may be the extent and population of these portions of territory.

But this restriction, limited to the infected area, should only be accepted upon the formal condition that the government of the infected country shall take the necessary measures; 1, to prevent, unless previously disinfected, the exportation of articles named in 1 and 2 of Article XII, coming from the contaminated area; and 2, measures to prevent the extension of the epidemic; and provided further that there be no doubt that the sanitary authorities of the infected country have faithfully complied with Article I of this Convention.

When an area is infected, no restrictive measure is to be taken against departures from this area if these departures have occurred five days, at least, before the beginning of the epidemic.

ARTICLE IX. That an area should no longer be considered as infected, official proof must be furnished:

First, That there has been neither a death nor a new case of plague or cholera for five days after isolation, death, or cure of the last plague or cholera case. In the case of yellow fever the period shall be eighteen days, but each government may reserve the right to extend this period.

Second, That all the measures of disinfection have been applied; in the case of plague, that the precautions against rats have been observed, and in the case of yellow fever that the measures against mosquitoes have been executed.

CHAPTER II. Measures of defense by other countries against territories declared to be infected.

SECTION I. Publication of prescribed measures.

ARTICLE X. The government of each country is obliged to immediately publish the measures which it believes necessary to take against departures either from a country or from an infected territorial area.

The said government is to communicate at once this publication to the diplomatic or consular agent of the infected country residing in its capital as well as to the International Sanitary Bureau.

The government shall be equally obliged to make known through the same channels the revocation of these measures or modifications which may be made in them.

In default of a diplomatic or consular agency in the capital, communications are made directly to the government of the country interested.

SECTION II. Merchandise—Dininfection—Importation and Transit-Baggage.

ARTICLE XI. There exists no merchandise which is of itself capable of transmitting plague, cholera or yellow fever. It only becomes

a The word "isolation" signifies isolation of the patient, of the persons who care for him and the forbidding of visits of all other persons, the physician excepted. By isolation in the case of yellow fever is understood the isolation of the patient in an apartment so screened as to prevent the access of mosquitoes.

dangerous in case it is soiled by pestous or choleraic products, or, in the case of yellow fever, when such merchandise may harbor mosquitoes.

ARTICLE XII. No merchandise or objects shall be subjected to disinfection on account of yellow fever, but in cases covered by the previous article the vehicle of transportation may be subjected to fumigation to destroy mosquitoes. In the case of cholera and plague disinfection should only be applied to merchandise and objects which the local sanitary authority considers as infected.

Nevertheless, merchandise, or objects enumerated hereafter, may be subjected to disinfection, or prohibited entry, independently of all proof that they may or may not be infected:

1. Body linen, wearing apparel in use, clothing which has been worn, bedding already used.

When these objects are transported as baggage, or in the course of a change of residence (household furniture), they should not be prohibited, and are to be subjected to the regulations prescribed by Article XIX.

Baggage left by soldiers and sailors, and returned to their country after death, are considered as objects comprised in the first paragraph of No. 1 of this article.

2. Rags, and rags for making paper, with the exception, as to cholera, of rags which are transported as merchandise in large quantities compressed in bales held together by hoops.

New clippings coming directly from spinning mills, weaving mills, manufactories or bleacheries, shoddy, and clippings of new paper, should not be forbidden.

ARTICLE XIII. In the case of cholera and plague there is no reason to forbid the transit through an infected district of merchandise, and the objects specified in Nos. 1 and 2 of the preceding article if they are so packed that they cannot have been exposed to infection in transit.

In like manner, when merchandise or objects are so transported that, in transit, they cannot come in contact with soiled objects, their transit across an infected territorial area should not be an obstacle to their entry into the country of destination.

ARTICLE XIV. The entry of merchandise and objects specified in Nos. 1 and 2 of Article XII should not be prohibited, if it can be shown to the authorities of the country of destination that they were shipped at least five days before the beginning of the epidemic.

ARTICLE XV. The method and place of disinfection, as well as the measures to be employed for the destruction of rats, and mosquitoes, are to be fixed by authority of the country of destination, upon arrival at said destination. These operations should be performed in such a manner as to cause the least possible injury to the merchandise.

It devolves upon each country, to determine questions relative to the payment of damages resulting from disinfection, or from the destruction of rats or mosquitoes.

If taxes are levied by a sanitary authority, either directly or through the agency of any company or agent, to insure measures for the destruction of rats and mosquitoes on board ships, the amount of these taxes ought to be fixed by a tariff published in advance,

and the result of these measures should not be a source of profit for either state or sanitary authorities.

ARTICLE XVI. Letters and correspondence, printed matter, books, newspapers, business papers, etc. (postal parcels not included), are not to be submitted to any restriction or disinfection. In case of yellow fever postal parcels are not to be subjected to any restrictions or disinfection.

ARTICLE XVII. Merchandise, arriving by land or by sea, should not be detained permanently at frontiers or in ports.

Measures which it is permissible to prescribe with respect to them are specified in Article XII.

Nevertheless, when merchandise, arriving by sea in bulk (vrac) or in defective packages, is contaminated by pest-stricken rats during the passage, and is incapable of being disinfected, the destruction of the germs may be assured by putting said merchandise in a warehouse for a period to be decided by the sanitary authorities of the port of arrival.

It is to be understood that the application of this last measure should not entail delay upon any vessel nor extraordinary expenses resulting from the want of warehouses in ports.

ARTICLE XVIII. When merchandise has been disinfected by the application of the measures prescribed in Article XII, or put temporarily in warehouses in accordance with the third paragraph of Article XVII, the owner, or his representative, has the right to demand from the sanitary authority which has ordered such disinfection, or storage, a certificate setting forth the measures taken.

ARTICLE XIX. Baggage. In the case of soiled linen, bed clothing, clothing and objects forming a part of baggage or furniture coming from a territorial area declared contaminated, disinfection is only to be practiced in cases where the sanitary authority considers them as contaminated. There shall be no disinfection of baggage on account of yellow fever.

SECTION III. Measures in ports and at maritime frontiers.

ARTICLE XX. Classification of ships. A ship is considered as infected which has plague, cholera or yellow fever on board, or which has presented one or more cases of plague or cholera within seven days, or a case of yellow fever at any time during the voyage.

A ship is considered as suspected on board of which there have been a case or cases of plague or cholera at the time of departure or during the voyage, but no new case within seven days; also such ships as have lain in such proximity to the infected shore as to render them liable to the access of mosquitoes.

The ship is considered indemne which, although coming from an infected port, has had neither death nor case of plague, cholera or yellow fever on board, either before departure, during the voyage, or at the time of arrival, and which in the case of yellow fever has not lain in such proximity to the shore, as to render it liable, in the opinion of the sanitary authorities, to the access of mosquitoes.

ARTICLE XXI. Ships infected with plague are to be subjected to the following regulations:

1. Medical visit (Inspection).

2. The sick are to be immediately disembarked and isolated.

3. Other persons should also be disembarked, if possible, and subjected to an observation," which should not exceed five days dating from the day of arrival.

4. Soiled linen, personal effects in use, the belongings of crew and passengers which, in the opinion of the sanitary authorities are considered as infected should be disinfected.

5. The parts of the ship which have been inhabited by those stricken with plague, and such others as, in the opinion of the sanitary authorities are considered as infected, should be disinfected.

6. The destruction of rats on shipboard should be effected before or after the discharge of cargo, as rapidly as possible, and in all cases with a maximum delay of forty-eight hours, care being taken to avoid damage of merchandise, the vessel and its machinery.

For ships in ballast, this operation should be performed immediately before taking on cargo.

ARTICLE XXII. Ships suspected of plague, are to be subjected to the measures which are indicated in Nos. 1, 4 and 5 of Article XXI. Further, the crew and passengers may be subjected to observation, which should not exceed five days, dating from the arrival of the ship. During the same time, the disembarkment of the crew may be forbidden, except for reasons of duty.

The destruction of rats on shipboard is recommended. This destruction is to be effected before or after the discharge of cargo, as quickly as possible, and in all cases with a maximum delay of fortyeight hours, taking care to avoid damage to merchandise, ships, and their machinery.

For ships in ballast, this operation should be done, if done at all, as early as possible, and in all cases before taking on cargo.

ARTICLE XXIII. Ships indemne from plague are to be admitted to free pratique immediately, whatever may be the nature of their bill of health.

The only regulation which the sanitary authorities at a port of arrival may prescribe for them consists of the following measures: 1. Medical visit (inspection).

2. Disinfection of soiled linen, articles of wearing apparel, and the other personal effects of the crew and passengers, but only in exceptional cases when the sanitary authorities have special reason to believe them infected.

3. Without demanding it as a general rule, the sanitary authorities may subject ships coming from an infected port to a process for the destruction of the rats on board before or after the discharge of cargo. This operation should be done as soon as possible, and in all cases should not last more than twenty-four hours, care being taken to avoid damaging merchandise, ships, and their machinery, and without interfering with the passing of passengers and crew between the ship and the shore. For ships in ballast, this procedure, if practiced, should be put in operation as soon as possible, and in all cases before taking on cargo.

The word "observation" signifies isolation of the passengers, either on board ship or at a sanitary station before being given free pratique.

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The term crew" is applied to persons who may make, or, who have made, a part of the personnel of the vessel and of the administration thereof, including stewards, waiters, cafedji," etc. The word is to be construed in this sense wherever employed in the present Convention.

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