union of the civilized States of the world.

For

at the moment, as Mr. Lowes Dickinson has said, "the problem is to find the greatest measure of organization which the state of feeling and intelligence after the war will tolerate." Few would suggest that the League of Nations in its present form is the final solution: we most of us believe that it is the right step to take next.

3 The Choice Before Us, ch. 10, p. 172.

APPENDIX II

SCHEMES FOR A LEAGUE OF NATIONS1

(1)

THE PLATFORM OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS

SOCIETY

(1, Central Buildings, Westminster, S.W. 1)

The objects of the Society shall be to ad

vocate:

I. That a Treaty shall be made as soon as possible whereby as many States as are willing shall form a League binding themselves to use

1 Full particulars of five other schemes will be found in L. S. Woolf's The Framework of a Lasting Peace. The late Lord Parker of Waddington propounded a working scheme in his speech in the House of Lords on March 19th, 1918. It was not fully reported in the Press and must be read in the official Parliamentary Debates. There is an admirable account of earlier plans with the same object, such as the "Grand Design " in Lorimer's Institutes of the Law of Nations, Bk. v., ch. 7, and Professor Pollard published during the summer a brightly-written pamphlet -The League of Nations in History-on the same subject. English translation of Rousseau's Extrait du Projet de Paix perpetuelle de M. L'Abbé de St. Pierre was issued by Messrs. Constable in 1917 under the title, A Lasting Peace and the State of War.

An

peaceful methods for dealing with all disputes arising among them.

2. That such methods shall be as follows:(a) All disputes arising out of questions of international law or the interpretation of Treaties shall be referred to the Hague Court of Arbitration, or some other Judicial Tribunal, whose decisions shall be final, and shall be carried into effect by the parties concerned.

(b) All other disputes shall be referred to and investigated and reported upon by a Council of Inquiry and Conciliation, the Council to be representative of the States which form the League.

3. That the States which are members of the League shall unite in any action necessary for ensuring that every member shall abide by the terms of the Treaty; and in particular shall jointly use forthwith both their economic and military forces against any one of their number that goes to war, or commits acts of hostility against another, before any question arising shall be submitted as provided in the foregoing Articles.

4. That the States which are members of the League shall make provision for mutual defence, diplomatic, economic and military, in the event of any of them being attacked by a State, not a member of the League, which refuses to submit the case to an appropriate Tribunal or Council.

5. That conferences between the members of the League shall be held from time to time to consider international matters of a general character, and to formulate and codify rules of international law, which, unless some member shall signify its dissent within a stated period, shall hereafter govern in the decisions of the Judicial Tribunal mentioned in Article 2 (a).

6. That any civilized State desiring to join the League shall be admitted to membership.

(2)

THE PLATFORM OF THE LEAGUE TO ENFORCE

PEACE

(507, 5th Avenue, New York City, U.S.A.) We believe it to be desirable for the United States to join a League of Nations binding the signatories to the following:-

First: All justiciable questions arising between the signatory Powers, not settled by negotiation, shall, subject to the limitations of treaties, be submitted to a judicial tribunal for hearing and judgment, both upon the merits and upon any issue as to its jurisdiction of the question.

Second: All other questions arising between the signatories and not settled by negotiation, shall be submitted to a Council of Conciliation for hearing, consideration and recommendation.

Third: The signatory Powers shall jointly use forthwith both their economic and military forces against any one of their number that goes to war, or commits acts of hostility, against another of the signatories before any question arising shall be submitted as provided in the foregoing.

Fourth: Conferences between the signatory Powers shall be held from time to time to formulate and codify rules of international law, which, unless some signatory shall signify its dissent within a stated period, shall thereafter govern in the decisions of the Judicial Tribunal mentioned in Article One.