those who can not pay and do this with the same fidelity and attention that you would bestow if you expected to be paid.

And now, gentlemen, having aided you as far as I can in the collection of your bills, I exhort you so to conduct your practice that you may feel, whenever you receive the money for any bill, that you have fairly earned it, that you have not magnified the danger of the patient, have not prolonged his illness, have not continued your professional attendance longer than was necessary, have not in any way used his ignorance and your knowledge to swell your claim upon him beyond fair pay for needed service. If you do this, you may be sure that whatever skill you have, will be appreciated and whatever service you render will be cheerfully paid for, and, what perhaps is of more importance to you, if the patient again needs a physician, he will send for you. Unhappy is the man who is never called a second time. But to be sure that you are called the second time, be just and as merciful as you can be the first time. Let me remind you also, that your success in securing practice will depend not a little upon your manners; a sick room is a place where good-breeding and the manners of a gentleman are very much to be desired and are sure to be appreciated. The first essential of a gentleman is a kind heart, and a kind heart will usually show itself by a certain gentleness of manner; though I have known very kind hearts concealed under a brusque demeanor. You are not, however, to try to make yourselves over after the pattern of some one else. On the contrary you are always to be yourself, but yourself at your best. No two of your professors-suc

cessful practitioners as they are-are very much alike. I do not wish to say anything personal to the faculty, but, as I recall them, they seem to me to be men of marked individuality, no two of whom would be easily mistaken for each other. Success, as you see, does not depend upon any one set of characteristics or any one type of breeding. But the bluff, outspoken, self-asserting, and positive man may have a charm as well as the refined, polite, and seemingly more courteous gentleman. The assumption of either character, if not natural to you, is to be avoided. I think nothing will so speedily strip a man of uncouthness and boorishness, and transform even the rudest into a gentleman as the acceptance and practice of the law of love. If you feel right towards your fellowmen, you will generally treat them right. And what you lack in knowledge of etiquette will be more than made up by the sincere desire to add to the happiness of others. But good manners, even if they are nothing but manners, are not to be despised and should be cultivated. The refined accent, the well-modulated voice, the light step, the graceful greeting, the neat apparel, all these things help and have their market value. Cultivate good manners then; and what you do not know on the subject, find out by observing the manners of others. But beyond this do not go. Never try to be just like somebody else. Be yourself, a manly, upright, conscientious, faithful gentleman, accepting and keeping sacred the confidences reposed in you by your patients and their friends, keeping yourself free from envy and jealousy of professional rivals, never forgetting the duties you owe to society as a man and accordingly standing up like a man for

what is true and good. Do this, and you can not but succeed, if you have laid here, as I trust you have, a broad and solid foundation of knowledge of the science of medicine. And so congratulating you, one and all, on having persevered to the end of your course and having completed one very important stage in your journey of life, I wish you all a pleasant and speedy introduction to the fields of practice, and very useful and very happy lives as physicians.

IDEALS FOR BOYS*

There are many ties which bind me to Shattuck School and which make my first appearance here to address you an occasion of special interest to me. Several teachers in this school at various times had been my pupils and personal friends before they came to you. Some of your graduates have been students in the college with which I have been connected. One of them was more frequently at my house in New Haven and more intimate in my family than any other student whom I have ever known. I watched his progress through college with admiration. I saw him graduate with high honors. I saw him enter upon his subsequent work with joy and hope and the expectation of soon taking holy orders, and then I saw him die. All through his career in college I could trace the influence of Shattuck School, which, somewhat idealized doubtless by his lively imagination, had stamped itself ineffaceably upon his memory. In the pictures which he drew of your life here, pictures always drawn with a loving hand and from which everything unpleasant was carefully or unwittingly excluded, I came to know you, almost as well as I shall know you after my experience here to-day. Your rector became familiar to me before

*Delivered at Shattuck School, Faribault, Minnesota, at Commencement, June 16th, 1887.