Mr. LOCHER. Mr. President, as the successor of him whom we honor to-day, I rise to add, in my humble way, an expression of deep admiration for one of Ohio's best loved sons.

Senator FRANK B. WILLIS was a man of the people. He was their leader, and it was their pleasure to confide in him, to trust him, and to honor him. I honor his memory both as a brother Ohioan and as a Member of this body, where his ability as a statesman is fully recognized.

Since the sudden and tragic passing of Senator WILLIS, I more clearly understand the words of Seneca, who said, "All that lies between the cradle and the grave is uncertain." Who in this assemblage to-day believed for one moment that when the departed colleague went forth to seek the highest honor within the gift of his party he would not return again, victorious, perhaps, but in any event he would return the robust, confident, and energetic personality that he was? His was a tragedy of premature death. But if God, in His wisdom, saw fit to beckon Senator WILLIS from the strife and toil of things earthly to a greater, fuller reward, how fitting it was that his last hours should be spent with those whom he loved and who loved him.

Mr. President, I have said that FRANK WILLIS was a man of the people. His early life in Delaware County, where he was born December 28, 1871, was not unlike the childhood days of other illustrious sons of Ohio. After obtaining an elementary education in the common schools of the county, he sought the wealth and satisfaction of a higher education at Ohio Northern University. His alma mater utilized his learning and for several years after graduation he served her as a teacher. During this period he frequently lectured before teacher's gatherings throughout Ohio, and his departure leaves a vacancy in the hearts of many who had received hope and inspiration from him. He was their friend and they were his friends.

Later he was admitted to the bar and set forth to win renown at the polls. After serving two terms in the General Assembly of Ohio, he was twice elected to the National House of Representatives, resigning his seat to become governor of his State, and on January 13, 1921, he became a Member of the United States Senate.

The still recent and still mourned loss of Senator WILLIS presents an opportunity for brief comment on his career. He had an abiding conviction that the application of his time, energy, and talent would produce fairly proportionate results. Conviction and zeal served him as a sustaining force. Politics were never irksome to him. His victories in this realm furnish abundant proof of his popularity, of his affability, of his capacity to make friends easily, and to bind them to him in many ways.

Senator WILLIS was a child of his epoch. It is timely, perhaps, to say a word on the felicitous way in which FRANK WILLIS and Warren Harding complemented and supplemented each other. Each served his native State in the United States Senate. Senator WILLIS, who succeeded Senator Harding, when the latter became President, was energetic, dynamic; President Harding, earnest and devoted. Each was loyal to the other; each was loyal to his friends; each contributed to the other's success; each had a multitude of friends in Ohio who cherish the friendship which only death could sever.

Mr. President, it is unavailing for his friends to speak of what might have been had FRANK WILLIS lived. Verily he had his reward in the hearts of his friends. He fought out well nigh all his battles. His personal character is easily analyzed. Everyone who has intelligently read his life and studied his deeds can not avoid recognizing two outstanding qualities-determination and rectitude. It is needless to eulogize his absolute integrity. To say that he never used his office to betray a trust imposed; that he was never silent when he believed he ought to speak; that suspicion never smirched his name, is to tell his colleagues and his friends that which they already know. The beauty of his pure life overshadows all. If I interpret the psychology of FRANK WILLIS aright, if I apprehend his philosophy of life, I make bold to assert that he would prefer this eulogy:

His life was devoted to an unending effort to serve those who loved and honored him.

As his successor in this honorable body, which universally mourns his sudden and untimely passing, I say with the poet: Early didst thou leave the world, with powers Fresh, undiverted to the world without, Firm to their mark, not spent in other things, Free from the sick fatigue, the languid doubt.

tors I have felt impelled to give expression to some of the thoughts that have crowded through my mind.

I was born, reared, and educated in the State of Ohio. I have always kept in closer touch with that State than with any other than my adopted State. I know something of its people and its history. I had heard of Senator WILLIS when I was a boy, long before he had become so noted as he became in later years. I heard of him as a young professor in the normal school at Ada, who had a great future as yet undetermined.

After I had gone to the Northwest I learned of his rise to Congress, and then when I came to the House he became governor of his State, and when I came to the Senate I met him here. I knew him best in my associations with him here, and his robust, earnest personality often made me think of the saying of the Greeks, Those whom the people love, they place in charge of their city."

There is one of his characteristics I want to mention which impressed me most, namely, his genial nature. I believe that you can best gauge and test the character of a man when you see him in a fight. Then pretense is put aside and the real character stands forth. I have never seen a man fight on this floor with a smile as effectively as did FRANK WILLIS. I have seen him attacked, sometimes abused here, and always he would meet it first with a smile, and then with arguments, plain, direct, and effective, but never personal nor bitter. I have always felt that his hearty handclasp and his broad smile, his friendly voice, and his wholesome attitude on every question were expressive of his great soul and his big heart.

I regretted to see him enter the race for the Presidency, not because I felt he was unworthy of it at all, but because that road is such a broad and steep but dangerous pathway over which so many men pass to political misery or to world fame. And yet it was but natural, coming from the great State of Ohio, that he should turn toward the White House. It is worth recalling again that, just as the great State of Virginia was the pivotal State in the early history of the country which supplied more Presidents than any other State, so the State of Ohio has been the pivotal State of the Union since the Civil War.

Every. Republican President who has entered the White House by the votes of the people since the Civil War has come directly from Ohio or been born in Ohio. The only other two Presidents of the Republican Party who entered the White House have entered by way of the Vice Presidency. So I say it was but natural he should turn his attention toward the Presidency; and from the standpoint of integrity, of character, and of ability he was fully fitted to occupy that or any other office.

I have often wondered why the State of Ohio has produced so many notable men in so many different walks of life during the last 75 years, and I was impressed recently in talking with the governor of that State when he said that one of the explanations might be found in the fact that there were more soldiers of the Revolution buried in the State of Ohio than in any other State in the Union; in other words, it was the aggressive, active men of the Revolutionary period who crossed the Allegheny Mountains and settled in the then great Northwest Territory, largely as the result of grants of land that were given them, that caused the population of Ohio to be descended from the best blood of the Colonies. It is but natural, therefore, that such a remarkable galaxy of men and women in every walk of life should come from that great State.

We shall miss FRANK WILLIS. We shall miss him not only here in the Senate and about the Capitol, but we shall miss him in Ohio, and we shall miss him in the public life of the country, because he was a man who had not merely opinions on public questions but he had convictions. Having convictions, he stood for them, he fought for them. He was not concerned so much about the temporary victory or defeat that might come in a contest as he was that he should do his part and make his record clear, so that all who run might read. His life and his work should be an inspiration to the young men of the country and to public men everywhere.

with credit to himself and credit to his country. He was a brave fighter, and he always fought in the open. There was nothing hidden about FRANK WILLIS. He was absolutely fearless in the positions which he took, and he never took a position until he felt that he was right, and then well and ably and powerfully did he defend that position.

As the Senator from Georgia [Mr. GEORGE] has said, in the heat of debate in this body Senators frequently indulge in sharp and caustic language born of the deep and intense interest Senators on opposing sides had in the cause being discussed. The fine and genial smile of FRANK WILLIS, which has been spoken of, was a wonderful weapon in debate, but following that smile he had a magnificient ability to argue his cause and he presented it in powerful fashion.

He was a man of deep convictions and high ideals. He was a clean man; his life was without spot or blemish so far as I know, and that is what those who knew him best and loved him best say of him. Senators, a name like that is a noble heritage to leave behind by a man who has been in lofty station, as FRANK WILLIS has been. He died fighting for the things that he had fought for so effectively in the Senate. Duty had called him into a larger field where friends delighted to support him for the highest office within the gift of the American people. He fought against overwhelming odds; he was fighting against forces that spent a vast sum of money to defeat him. I talked with him about these things and he talked to the Senator from Utah [Mr. KING]. He knew what a difficult undertaking it was. Some people advised him not to go into the race for President; his great admirers and friends in Ohio and elsewhere urged him to run. They said "it is your duty." He told me that he felt that it was his duty to carry forward the great principles that he and his friends had fought for, and that he would do so at any cost to him politically or otherwise.

zens.

He viewed with alarm the bold declaration that the old barroom forces were coming back into control in the United States. He was an ardent prohibitionist. He was not a crank on the subject, but he was thoroughly convinced that the whisky traffic and the return to the United States of the open barrooms, with all their attendant evils, would do more than anything else to drag down the young manhood of the country and to crush out the hopes and ambitions of bright boys who, if free from that awful influence, would become good and useful citiThe petitions of the good women of the country who have suffered most from that terrible monster, the open saloon, appealed strongly to and touched deeply the heart of FRANK WILLIS; and when his Republican friends looked with fear and trembling upon the bold announcement that the enemy would bring those evils back and said, Senator, it is your duty to get out in front and lead this fight for us," he bared his breast to the enemy and led the fight. He did not ask any quarter, but waged an open, effective, and aggressive war; and if he had lived there is no question under the sun about his carrying Ohio, his home State, to the Republican National Convention. The truth is he almost carried it after death had silenced his eloquent tongue.

46

He was a splendid public servant and a fine and wonderful man. He spread sunshine and good cheer wherever he went. He was outspoken, as I have said. It was not necessary to take a search warrant to find out where FRANK WILLIS stood on public questions, and if the question was one between good morals and bad morals you knew without asking that he was on the side of good morals.

Shakespeare has nobly said:

Let all the ends thou aim'st at be thy country's,
Thy God's, and truth's.

FRANK WILLIS was on the side of his country; he was on the side of truth; he was on the side of his God. He fought a good fight; he kept the faith; he died as die the brave-in the forefront of the fight; he never lowered his banner or surrendered his convictions. He did not flee from the enemy.

Immense sums of money and corrupt practices were in evidence in the Ohio campaign against him for the Presidency, but that did not intimidate or deter him for a moment. He was making a triumphant march toward the convention, with his State delegation solidly behind him, when mysterious death came and touched its dreamless slumber to his eyelids, and he fell asleep.

Mr. President, before I sit down I must say a word about her who through all the years of his useful and eventful life was his good angel. Tender, affectionate, and loving, she walked by his side, aiding, comforting, and cheering him to the day of his death. She was with him in his home State when he was at various places in Ohio, when he died amongst those whom he had served and whom he loved so well, and amongst those who loved and honored him. It was a beautiful

life that they lived. We resided at the same hotel for years. I admired and esteemed them both greatly. They were devoted, congenial, and happy in their daily life. Senator WILLIS could say truly that she was his good angel.

We have lost a dear friend and a great American statesman has gone. Every man in this body respected and admired FRANK WILLIS. Every Senator here who knew FRANK WILLIS well loved him. The Senate and the country mourn the untimely taking off of this fine American citizen, this devoted public servant, and this splendid Christian statesman.

Let us pray. O Almighty God, who art found of those who seek Thee in loneliness, and whose portion is sufficient for the sorrowing souls of Thy children, remember in tender mercy the family and loved ones of him who has now fallen on sleep in the full strength of his glorious manhood. Thou only canst keep our feet from falling and our eyes from tears. Make us, therefore, ever mindful of the time when we shall lie down in the dust; and grant us grace always to

live in such a state that we may never be afraid to die; so that, living and dying, we may be Thine, through the merits and satisfaction of Thy Son Christ Jesus, in whose name we offer up this our imperfect prayer. Amen.

Mr. FESS. Mr. President, I hold in my hand a brief character sketch of Senator WILLIs by the one who was more closely associated with him officially than any other person, Charles A. Jones, his secretary for seven years. I ask unanimous consent to have it inserted in the RECORD.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so

ordered.

The matter referred to is as follows:

SENATOR FRANK B. WILLIS AS HIS OFFICE ASSOCIATES SAW HIMTRIBUTE PAID AT THE FUNERAL SERVICES IN GRAY CHAPEL, AT DELAWARE, OHIO, TUESDAY, APRIL 3, 1928

By Charles A. Jones, for 7 years private secretary to the Senator and his associate in political campaigns for 14 years

If I can control the emotions that overwhelm me to-day, there are just a few things I want to say relative to this chief of ours who has gone. I want to speak not only for myself but also for the two Marthas who have typed tens of thousands of his messages to the people of Ohio; to speak for Mr. Tipton, who was his secretary when he was governor, and for Mr. Dodds, who was his secretary when he was in Congress; to speak for that little group who have had the great privilege of living intimately with this man who lies here now at the close of a strenuous life of 30 years, leaving as was so fittingly stated by the Cleveland Plain Dealer in its editorial "A record that calls for no excuses."

The public in general, many men who have been acquainted with him from time to time, know, of course, a great deal about Senator WILLIS. I am not going to try this afternoon to say anything about his public career. All I want to do is to say a few things of a personal nature that I know, that we know, about this man.

You know when men live in an office with a man, when they see him in the early morning hours and in the nighttime, when they see him in the hours of victory and in the hours of defeat, when they see him when the shadows have fallen upon him and when there is triumph in his voice, they know what the public sometimes does not know.

This morning, as the birds began to sing I wondered what I might say to best sum up his life. Leafing through this same little New Testament that I have seen him read hundreds of times, and which I took from his body after he had gone away over here on Friday night, I found these words, and I do not believe that there are anywhere words that sum up more clearly what this man tried to be than these words, which are the only ones of the Beatitudes that are underscored : "Blessed are the pure in heart." That was what Senator WILLIS wanted to be.

I want to say first of all that this man who served supremely never had a servant. There was never anybody in his office who felt that this man wanted him to be a servant.

When I first went to his office in 1921, he called me in one day and said to me substantially this: "Jones, you are new to Washington. Before you have been here very long you will see many people who have become mere clerks, who because they are in a sense employees feel that they can not express to the man with whom they work their real thoughts. I want you to understand that what I ask of you is service and not subservience. Because I am a Senator and you are my secretary does not mean that I shall always be right. I shall sometimes be wrong. When you think I am wrong, I want you to counsel with me. And when the time comes that you can not tell me exactly what you think about things that are important to me, then, I do not want you with me at all." That was the spirit in which Senator WILLIS always carried on.

He himself gave service, but no man or woman ever found him subservient. I saw Senator WILLIS angry very few times. Most of the times when I did see him angry was when somebody came to him and said, "Senator WILLIS, I have 10,000 votes in my pocket. If you do not vote for a certain bill, these 10,000 votes will be cast against you." On an average, a man never got that sentence completed. Senator WILLIS let him know immediately that he would vote for the bill if he thought it was the right bill; but if he thought it was not the right bill, he would not vote for it, votes or no votes.

The Senator, of course, recognized the dignity of his high office. He understood the distinctions of life. He recognized them. But there was no division line when it came to the friendship which he showed to us and which we tried to show to him.

I never saw anything in Senator WILLIS's life any place, any time, that will contradict the statement I am now about to make, that Senator WILLIS played square in all the relationships of his life. He did not believe in, he did not practice, and he did not permit those who were with him to put into execution the petty tactics of politics that are so often permitted.

I never knew him to make a decision on an important question on any other basis than that which, as he saw it, was for the best interests of the people.

The thing he was most criticized for in all of his service in the Senate was his vote for the adjusted compensation bill. I think that the morning that he voted for the passage of that bill over the President's veto was to him one of the most trying mornings in his entire life. I took in and put on his desk 1,457 telegrams that said, "You must not vote for this bill," and 53 that asked him to vote for it. And I said to him, Senator WILLIS, most of those 1,457 telegrams are from the most prominent men in Ohio. I do not know from these other 53 whether the soldiers are much interested in this bonus or not."

We discussed the whole question, the two of us alone there in the office. Finally I said to the Senator, "If you vote to override the President's veto to-day, you may be voting yourself out of public life." He looked at me about a half a minute, then he turned around and looked at the picture of his soldier father, to which he always gave the place of prominence in his office. Then he turned back and looked again at those 1,457 telegrams. And he said to me this: "Jones, you were not reared in the home of a soldier. You did not fight the

battles of the Civil War at the breakfast table and at the luncheon table and at night. I promised these soldier boys I would vote for this bill. They know I will. They know it is not necessary to send me these telegrams. So far as voting myself out of public life is concerned, that is much less to me than believing myself a coward every time I look at my face in the mirror the rest of my life. I am going to vote for that bill this afternoon because I think it is the right thing to do. The effect of my vote upon my future political career must take care of itself."

I could tell a similar story about the way in which he drafted the famous Newberry resolution. This man always faced questions, whether they were great or small, faced them in his office where none of us knew and the world did not need to know, on the same basis that he always advocated outside.

Moreover, Senator WILLIS never forgot and he never betrayed a friend. When he was thinking about what he would do for a man, he never asked what that man would do for him. Time after time he did things for men who had done things against him, and then when they did new things against him, he did new things for them, because he thought he ought to do them.

I never knew this man but once to say that any other man had deliberately falsified to him. He said it once in all the seven years that I was with him. He was far more lenient in his judgment of men than sometimes I thought they were lenient of him while he lived.

It is my firm judgment to-day that the faults which Senator WILLIS had, and every man has certain faults, were faults more harmful to himself than to others. He never knew when to stop work. So long as there was something to do for his people he did it. He was happy when he was doing something to help somebody in Ohio, or in the Nation, and lonesome when there was nothing of that kind to do. I believe the highest tribute I cay pay to him to-day is this, and I have paid him this tribute before: That in all the years of my association with him, I never knew him to do a thing that, from the viewpoint of broad manhood, from the viewpoint of truthful and courageous relations with his fellowmen, could be called a little thing.' He was a Christian gentleman everywhere.

Not very long ago I related to him in full detail evidence that he was very loath to believe of a mean, little trick that a man whom he had befriended far beyond his deserts had done to him. There was a way in which he could have returned the meanness in kind, but when the story had been finished he looked across the desk and said, "Jones, I am not going to degrade myself because somebody else degraded himself." He stood on that principle.

I said on this platform just after he had gone away Friday night that Senator WILLIS had come home to go home, or substantially that. I also said that if he had been choosing-and I know he did not choose to go now, because he fully expected that there would be many, many years of life and activity ahead of him-but if he had known and he had been choosing, this was the place, among the friends who knew him all his life, who knew more about him than anybody else, this was the place where he would have liked to have gone. And I think he went the way he would have liked to have gone, in the full vigor of manhood, without any sickness, without any impairment of his powers. Oh, I think he would have liked to have had long enough I know he would have liked to have said good-bye to his loved ones. to have had that. But if he could not have that, he would have preferred death the way it came. He would have preferred to have gone home here at home among his friends.

Doctor Smith has said a great deal about the friendships of this man. I never got over being amazed at the number of friends he had. Glancing over the thousands of telegrams and the thousands of letters that have come in since he went away, the one outstanding note is his friendship. And I do not know how many hundreds of men have grasped my hand to-day and yesterday simply to say this, "Mr. Jones, Senator WILLIS was my friend." They have said that more than anything else. And he was their friend.

Oh, how he liked to sit down and talk to a humble citizen of this country about the interests and the joys and tragedies of life, and how he tried to help them. I presume we have larger files in the Senator's office in Washington relative to compensation for the soldier boys, relative to pensions for the comrades of his father, than has any other office in the whole Senate Building-thousands and thousands of cases. No case was too humble, no case involved too much time and trouble for Senator WILLIS to give it attention. Whether the man could write English or could not, it was all the same. One of the touching things that has come since he went away was a little tribute from one of these soldier boys who could not write either the Senator's name or his own legibly upon the envelope which he addressed.

He was a man who loved his country and loved to serve his country. Often He gave to his country everything that he had to give. he talked to me about the fact that so many people wanted to get from their country, rather than give to their country, and he often wondered what the future of a country was to be, in which almost everybody wanted something from it, not to give to it. He gave a

full measure of patriotism and devotion; all that he had and more. I could speak about his love for his family. He thought a great deal of McKinley. All of you know that McKinley has been the family ideal of the American people. I never knew, I never saw, Mr. McKinley. He was gone when I was a boy. But all I need to say to-day, I think, is this: Whatever was true in his life, in his purity of family relationship, was true also of Senator WILLIS.

From his pocket on Friday night, after he had gone, I took this book of poems, which he long sought for and which, after he had obtained, he carried with him many, many times. In it I found that he had cut out this poem. Because it represents him to me, as I believe he wanted to be represented, I am going to read it. It is not an uncommon poem at all:

"There are loyal hearts, there are spirits brave,
There are souls that are brave and true;
Then give to the world the best you have,
And the best will come back to you.

"Give love, and love to your heart will flow,
A strength in your utmost need;
Have faith, and a score of hearts will show
Their faith in your word and deed.

"Give truth, and your gift will be paid in kind,
And honor will honor meet;

And a smile that is sweet will surely find

A smile that is just as sweet.

"Give pity and sorrow to those who mourn,

You will gather in flowers again

The scattered seeds from your thoughts outborne,
Though the sowing seemed in vain.

"For life is the mirror of king and slave,

'Tis just what you are and do;

Then give to the world the best you have
And the best will come back to you."

Looking back over the inexpressibly beautiful associations of these even years now brought to a close, associations that I scarcely expect shall again be duplicated in life, I say on my own part and on the part of the others of us who were so intimately in touch with him, he has fought a good fight, and in all things he has kept the faith.

Mr. FESS. Mr. President, I also ask unanimous consent to insert in the RECORD the funeral oration of the Hon. Ralph D. Cole, who was a colleague of the Senator's in the university, and was his predecessor in the House of Representatives. Mr. Cole would have presented the name of Senator WILLIS at the Kansas City convention had the Senator lived.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.

The matter referred to is as follows:

ADDRESS OF HON. RALPH D. COLE

We have lost our leader; our noble friend is gone; our chief has fallen in battle. In the hour of his supreme triumph his spirit took its flight to Him who gave it. On the 30th day of March, in the city of Delaware, Ohio, Senator FRANK B. WILLIS, forty-fifth Governor of Ohio, responded to the final call of the Great Commander.

He was at home, in his native city, decorated in the emblem of the Republic, the colors of the flag that he loved; all her streets, thronged with a mighty host of his fellow countrymen, who loved him; proudly proclaiming him worthy of highest honors; in this very hall, consecrated to the exalted purposes that inspired his life, all hearts united in harmony to the sweet strains of "When we come to the end of a perfect day," the final summons came and he waved a last farewell.

Fortunate city! You did not wait until to-day to pay your tribute. He saw your faith, he heard your praise, he felt your love and loyalty; you filled his heart with joy as his ship sailed out to sea.

He died in the afternoon of life, in the fullness of fame, rich in honors, royal in friendships, with all his great faculties and powers mantled about him, and before time had levied its relentless toll upon a life of unceasing action.

The career of FRANK B. WILLIS is the grand epic of American nobility. Observe the familiar steps so many of the inspiring leaders of a great enlightened people have trod in their march to the heights of immortality. Born on a farm, nurtured in a Christian home, educated in the public schools, taught school, attended college, a professor in law, admitted to the bar, member of the State legislature, United States Congressman, Governor of Ohio, and United States Senator. Study the lives of American immortals, compare their career with his, and behold how perfect the climax-the Presidency of the United States.

In the analysis of his character we find body, mind, and heart perfectly balanced. He was marked from boyhood in the image of his Maker. His commanding presence was but counterpart to his high intellectual and moral endowments. The dominant characteristic of Senator WILLIS was his humanness.

He was thoroughly human. He loved his fellow men and sought to serve them. He was natural, not artificial. He despised hypocrisy. He possessed intellectual as well as moral integrity. He was dignified; not the sham pretense of selfish exclusion, but a noble simplicity, the unfailing work of genuine greatness; not a puppet of conventions, but the natural conduct of a man endowed with a wealth of human sympathy and understanding. He was loyal-to betray a trust was not in his power. He was loyal to his home, his State and Nation. He was an ardent patriot. He was loyal to his friends. A host of witnesses will rise and give proof. Duplicity he despised. Disloyalty he abhorred. Honest criticism he coveted, for that dispels all clouds

of doubt and lets in the sunlight of truth. Magnanimous, generous, appreciative, and always grateful.

Love of country was kindled in his heart at the fireside of his father, a Union soldier. He was an American. He was willing and anxious to extend a helping hand to all nations, but entertained an unchangeable conviction that America's primal duty is to America. The greatness of FRANK B. WILLIS is America's greatness, truly typical of this continent; God's eternal gifts of freedom and opportunity, embraced by an honest boy and transmuted by the alchemy of toil into the gold of exalted manhood.

The home life of Senator and Mrs. FRANK B. WILLIS was a gem of domestic felicity, an inspiration to the various circles in which they moved and the communities in which they lived.

They were childhood playmates at Galena, Ohio. From the date of their marriage, through the changing years and all of life's vicissitudes, they were almost inseparable. Notwithstanding almost continuous public activities, Mrs. Willis was always at her distinguished husband's side.

She was with him at the home-coming meeting where his life came to its tragic but glorious close.

Their home life was shared by a daughter, Helen, who now is a teacher in the university where the Senator received his education and in which he always maintained a keen and active interest.

The constant devotion of the members of this family to one another should prove a lesson to others and a source of treasured memory to them.

The public life of Senator WILLIS covered a period of 30 years, during which time I knew him intimately. I know the motives that determined his course in relation to questions of public welfare. He did what he thought was right as God gave him to see the light. On all questions involving a moral principle he was adamant. Immovably centered in his high purposes, he defied all danger and battled every adversary. He threw his shining lance full and fair in the face of public wrong, and so fighting fell on the field of conflict. As a soldier falls in battle, so fell he in action.

On questions of public policy and administration he was guided by principles fundamental to the public weal. He had faith in free institutions and in the capacity of the people for self-government enHightened by the truth. The people of Ohio reciprocated that trust and had faith in him, as he held the greatest and most loyal personal following of any Ohio leader since William McKinley.

He believed that a democracy could best be preserved and its administration most efficiently served through the agency of political parties. He therefore fought fearlessly for his political faith. He advocated principles as the foundation of political parties and not personalities. In his last public address, with what now appears as prophetic vision, with most impressive solemnity, he declared, "Men pass on, but principles endure." He was not an opportunist, never embraced doctrines fashioned to the varying hour." He determined his course on the high seas of public service by the fixed stars of fundamental principle. It can be said of Senator WILLIS, as was said of Fabricius, the great Roman consul. "It would be as difficult to turn the sun from its course as to turn Fabricius from the path of honor."

66

Senator WILLIS was a man of God; as Lincoln was in deep devotion true to God, so WILLIS had faith in a Divine Providence that determines the destinies of nations and guides in the affairs of men; that faith in God that marked his long career radiating from his life brought him through the storms and tempests of the voyage with a reputation stainless as a star, a character rugged and invincible as truth.

Better than all wealth, better than all power, better than all position, to have the character, courage, and manhood of FRANK B. WILLIS. Farewell to you, my noble friend! Farewell to you! "Men pass

Mr FESS. Mr. President, I also hold in my hand two editorials, one from the Cleveland Plain Dealer-an independent paper with Democratic leanings, which makes a very splendid statement on the character of the Senator-and one from the Cleveland News. These are very significant utterances. I ask unanimous consent to have them inserted in the RECORD. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. The matter referred to is as follows:

[From the Cleveland Plain Dealer of April 8, 1928]

SENATOR WILLIS

FRANK BARTLETTE WILLIS died as one might wish to die-painlessly, at the peak of a notable career, in the midst of friends gathered to do him honor, in the town which had proudly sponsored him through many years of public service. Political history affords few incidents so dramatic as this passing of Ohio's senior Senator.

Tongues that yesterday were denouncing WILLIS as a contender for the favor of his State as a presidential aspirant will to-day speak the Senator's praises. For both as a man and as a public servant there

was much in WILLIS that merits praise. He embodied many of the traits that has made America a nation powerful and respected. The bitterness of a primary campaign is hushed in the presence of death. Mr. WILLIS expected to be an educator, but politics captured him young. As a member of the legislature and then of Congress, as a governor, and as a United States Senator he continued to advance in the esteem of his party in Ohio. Whatever else be said of his desire

to be nominated for President in June, the ambition was natural and logical and none now will ever know what chance he might have had in the convention.

In politics WILLIS played the game hard and square. The fact that in his long career he never lost a primary battle indicates a hold on his party in this State that had given his opponents in the present campaign more than one moment of concern. Even when defeated for re-election to the governorship in 1916 he ran many thousands of votes ahead of his ticket.

During the years when Ohio was slowly emerging from the wet column to join the dry States, WILLIS made himself a leader of this reform movement; with the advent of State and national prohibition he continued its spokesman at home and in Washington. No man was quicker to accept the challenge of the wets on the floor of the Senate than this school-teacher from Ohio. No one could rattle him, bluff him, or scare him. Prohibition was almost a part of his religion and he defended it with militant sincerity.

In elections the Senator was always stronger than his party. By long service he had built up in the minds of thousands of Ohioans the conviction that FRANK WILLIS was honest, that he saw problems from the viewpoint of average people, and could be trusted to do the square thing always. The rough politics of his early years taught him the art of mixing with folks. The high hat was no part of his equipment. No man had a heartier handshake or a more cordial manner of greeting his friends.

Mr. WILLIS falls in the hardest battle of his life. It was fairly characteristic of him that when his political dominance in his own State was assailed he lost no time in buckling on the armor worn through so many fights and made straight for the scene of conflict. He had never learned to dodge a blow, but stood to take and return it. It was the same old WILLIS of a decade or more ago who swung into the primary fight in Ohio at the challenge of Hoover-the WILLIS who asked no quarter but knew that the outcome of this primary battle would determine the most momentous issue of his political life.

Death scores against a man whom no party opponent had ever been able to down. *

Friend and political foe alike may well pause in homage to one who served his State diligently and creditably, and who leaves at death a record that calls for no excuse.

[Editorial from the Cleveland News of April 1, 1928]

NATION MOURNS HIM

Ohio has lost a loyal son, an honest, able, and courageous man, in the untimely passing of Senator FRANK B. WILLIS, The Nation, too, has suffered the loss of a loyal servant, a worker at all times intensely devoted to the welfare and happiness of the people.

It is doubtful that Ohio has ever produced in its long list of illustrious sons a man more lovable and beloved in both his public and private life than was Senator WILLIS. Not only was he esteemed for his works as a lawmaker and executive but he was ardently loved for his personal deeds and his affection for his fellow men. He was personally known to tens of thousands of men, women, and children throughout the great State he was so proud to own as his birthplace. Each of these thousands had for him the warmest of affection, and in his or her turn was proud to acknowledge the friendship of FRANK B. WILLIS.

Possessed of indomitable courage and determination, he was a persistent and unrelenting fighter for any cause he believed to be just. He never compromised on an issue or with his political foes, nor did he ever give up a fight for an ideal until he had won the victory. He never dodged meeting an issue face to face, nor could he ever bring himself to avoid conflict because of any political expediency. His political enemies were among his warmest personal friends, for no one could do other than admire his sincerity and unflagging courage.

His whole life was one of contest, of battling for the things he believed to be right. Often abandoned by his party leaders in the midst of a strenuous campaign or given half-hearted support, Senator WILLIS never complained nor became bitter. He went on with his fight, determined to carry on to the last, along the lines he had mapped out for himself. By force of habit and character he became to a large extent an individualist. He sought help in his campaigns from those he believed should be allied with his cause. If this help was not forthcoming, he went ahead on his own. Like all men of his determination, he was bound to suffer many defeats along the way. But defeat no more shook his courage than did victory cause him to cease struggling. His characteristic determination was shown when he told those who led the campaign of Secretary Hoover against him that he would not compromise with them on the naming of the Ohio presidential primary can

didates. He told them that even if defeat for him in the primary campaign meant the end of his political career he would not waver in his plans to carry on the fight to a finish. He would put his fate to the test, regardless of the outcome and regardless of the fact that an easy way out of the problem could be effected by acceptance of a compromise plan.

No man can but admire such courage. His ardent devotion to prohibition cost him many friends, yet he never permitted criticism or certain loss of votes to influence his open campaigning for the cause he espoused. Nor did he ever stay away from the enemy's strongholds in his campaigns. He loved to carry the fight into hostile towns and cities; fear had no part in his make-up. Warned often by friends that he would be making a mistake to talk prohibition in a locality known to be opposed to that proposition, he still would insist on carrying on his campaign in that place, and with added vigor and intensity.

In this characteristic, at least, he was Rooseveltian in his make-up. As a teacher, Congressman, governor, Senator, and candidate for the greatest office open to any American, Senator WILLIS was ever un able, courageous, honest, and sincere man. He loved to fight for the right as he saw it. And he died as he doubtless would have wished to have passed, had he his choice. Death came to him in the midst of the greatest fight of his life. A tragedy, it is true, that has shocked and saddened Ohio and the Nation. But he went down fighting to the last, a glorious death for such a man as he.

The Nation's estimate of Senator WILLIS is well expressed in the message sent to Mrs. Willis by President Coolidge. It follows:

"News of the sudden passing of your husband has been a great shock to me. He rendered distinguished service in his State assembly, later as Governor of Ohio, and also in the National House and Senate. He was an earnest and effective advocate of causes which he considered just, and a man of upright character. His going will be a distinct loss to our public life. Mrs. Coolidge joins me in deep sympathy for you and your daughter and his other relatives and friends." A fitting epitaph, indeed, for any man!

Mr. FESS. Mr. President, as a further mark of respect to the memory of our deceased colleague, I move that the Senate stand in recess until 12 o'clock to-morrow.

The motion was unanimously agreed to; and (at 4 o'clock and 30 minutes p. m.) the Senate took a recess until to-morrow, Saturday, May 12, 1928, at 12 o'clock meridian.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
FRIDAY, May 11, 1928

The House met at 12 o'clock noon.

The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Montgomery, D. D., offered the following prayer:

Holy, true, and merciful Lord, Thou dost always keep in remembrance Thy gracious promise, namely, "I will never leave nor forsake thee." O God of our fathers, withhold not Thy presence from our beloved land. Come Thou to all the children of men and put a new face on this weary old earth, and the power of intellect and the skill of genius shall be superseded by the holy Babe of Bethlehem. Oh, that all men would be lovers, diligent and faithful, patient and hopeful, justifying their presence in the world. It is our mission and our glory. O teach us that blessed is the man who is guided along this way. In the blessed name of Jesus. Amen.

The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and approved.

MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE

A message from the Senate, by Mr. Craven, its principal clerk, announced that the Senate had passed without amendment bills and a joint resolution of the House of the following titles:

H. R. 15. An act authorizing an appropriation to enable the Secretary of the Interior to carry out the provisions of the act of May 26, 1926 (44 Stat. L. 655), to make additions to the Absaroka and Gallatin National Forests, and to improve and extend the winter-feed facilities of the elk, antelope, and other game animals of Yellowstone National Park and adjacent land; H. R. 158. An act to amend chapter 137 of volume 39 of the United States Statutes at Large, Sixty-fourth Congress, first session;

H. R. 167. An act to amend the act of February 12, 1925 (Public, No. 402, 68th Cong.), so as to permit the Cowlitz Tribe of Indians to file suit in the Court of Claims under said act; II. R. 332. An act validating homestead entry of Englehard Sperstad for certain public land in Alaska;

H. R. 491. An act authorizing the attorney general of the State of California to bring suit in the Court of Claims on behalf of the Indians of California;

H. R. 3467. An act for the relief of Giles Gordon;