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OKLAHOMA

(Yeas, 8)

E. B. Howard, yea; William W. Hastings, yea; Wilburn Cartwright, yea; Tom D. McKeown, yea; F. B. Swank, yea; Jed Johnson, yea; James V. McClintic, yea; M. C. Garber, yea.

OREGON (Yeas, 3)

Willis C. Hawley, yea; Nicholas J. Sinnott, yea; Franklin F. Korell,

yea.

PENNSYLVANIA (Yeas, 23)

Harry C. Ransley, yea; George A. Welsh, yea; George P. Darrow, yea; Henry W. Watson, yea; William W. Griest, yea; Laurence H. Watres, yea; John J. Casey, yea; Edgar R. Kiess, yea; Frederick W. Magrady, yea; I. H. Doutrich, yea; J. Russell Leech, yea; J. Banks Kurtz, yea; Franklin Menges, yea; J. Mitchell Chase, yea; Henry W. Temple, yea; Nathan L. Strong, yea; Thomas C. Cochran, yea; Milton W. Shreve, yea; Everett Kent, yea; Adam M. Wyant, yea; Stephen G. Porter, yea; Harry A. Estep, yea; Guy E. Campbell, yea.

RHODE ISLAND

(Noes, 2)

Clark Burdick, no; Richard S. Aldrich, no.

SOUTH CAROLINA

(Yeas, 4)

Thomas S. McMillan, yea; John J. McSwain, yea; Allard H. Gasque, yea; Hampton P. Fulmer, yea.

SOUTH DAKOTA (Yeas, 2)

Charles A. Christopherson, yea; Royal C. Johnson, yea.

TENNESSEE (Yeas, 9)

B. Carroll Reece, yea; J. Will Taylor, yea; S. D. McReynolds, yea; Cordell Hull, yea; Ewin L. Davis, yea; Joseph W. Byrns, yea; Edward E. Eslick, yea; Gordon Browning, yea; Finis J. Garrett, yea.

TEXAS

(Yeas, 12)

John C. Box, yea; Morgan G. Sanders, yea; Hatton W. Sumners, yea; Luther A. Johnson, yea; Clay Stone Briggs, yea; Daniel E. Garrett, yea; Joseph J. Mansfield, yea; James P. Buchanan, yea; Fritz G. Lanham, | yea; Guinn Williams, yea; John N. Garner, yea; Marvin Jones, yea.

UTAH (Yeas, 2)

Don B. Colton, yea; Elmer O. Leatherwood, yea.

VERMONT

John Morrow (at large), yea.

NEW YORK

(Yeas, 34)

Robert L. Bacon, yea; John J. Kindred, yea; George W. Lindsay, yea; Thomas H. Cullen, yea; Loring M. Black, jr., yea; Andrew L. Somers, yea; Patrick J. Carley, yea; David J. O'Connell, yea; Emanuel Celler, yea; Anning S. Prall, yea; Samuel Dickstein, yea; William I. Sirovich, yea; John J. O'Connor, yea; William W. Cohen, yea; John F. Carew, yea; Fiorello H. LaGuardia, yea; Royal H. Weller, yea; Anthony J. Griffin, yea; James M. Fitzpatrick, yea; J. Mayhew Wainwright, yea; Harcourt J. Pratt, yea; Parker Corning, yea; James S. Parker, yea; Frank Crowther, yea; Bertrand H. Snell, yea; Frederick M. Davenport, yea; John D. Clarke, yea; Clarence E. Hancock, yea; Meyer Jacobstein, yca; Archie D. Sanders, yea; S. Wallace Dempsey, yea; Clarence MacGregor, yea; James M. Mead, yea; Daniel A. Reed, yea.

NORTH CAROLINA

(Yeas, 6; noes, 2)

Lindsay Warren, no; John H. Kerr, no; Charles L. Abernethy, yea; Edward W. Pou, yea; Charles M. Stedman, yea; William C. Hammer, yea; Robert L. Doughton, yea; Zebulon Weaver, yea.

NORTH DAKOTA (Yeas, 3)

Olger B. Burtness, yea; Thomas Hall, yea; James H. Sinclair, yea.

OHIO

(Yeas, 17)

Charles Tatgenborst, jr., yea; W. T. Fitzgerald, yea; Charles J. Thompson, yea; Charles C. Kearns, yea; Charles Brand, yea; Brooks Fletcher, yea; W. W. Chalmers, yea; Thomas A. Jenkins, yea; John C. Speaks, yea; Martin L. Darcy, yea; C. Ellis Moore, yea; John McSweeney, yea; William M. Morgan, yea. John G. Cooper, yea; Charles A. Mooney, yea; Robert Crosser, yea; Theodore E. Burton, yea.

Elbert S. Brigham, no.

(No, 1)

VIRGINIA

(Yeas, 3; noes, 7)

Schuyler Otis Bland, no; Joseph T. Deal, no; Andrew J. Montague, no; Patrick Henry Drewry, yea; Joseph Whitehead, yea; Clifton A. Woodrum, no; Thomas W. Harrison, no; R. Walton Moore, yea; George C. Perry, no; Henry St. George Tucker, no.

WASHINGTON (Yea, 4)

John F. Miller, yea; Lindley H. Hadley, yea; John W. Summers, yea; Sam B. Hill, yea.

WEST VIRGINIA (Yeas, 3)

Frank L. Bowman, yea; William S. O'Brien, yea; E. T. England, yea.

WISCONSIN

(Yeas, 10)

Henry Allen Cooper, yea; Charles A. Kading, yea; John C. Schafer, yea; VICTOR L. BERGER, yea; Florian Lampert, yea; Joseph D. Beck, yea; Edward E. Browne, yea; George J. Schneider, yea; James A. Frear, yea; Hubert H. Peavey, yea.

WYOMING (Yea, 1)

Charles E. Winter (at large), yea.

TOTALS

For the passage of bill, 303; against passage of bill, 39.

TAX REDUCTION

The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, resumed the consideration of the bill (II. R. 1) to reduce and equalize taxation, provide revenue, and for other purposes.

Mr. NORRIS. Mr. President, I offer the amendment which I send to the desk, and ask that it may be read.

The VICE PRESIDENT. The amendment will be read. The CHIEF CLERK. On page 48, line 23, after the word "title," strike out all down to and including line 26, on page 48, and in lieu thereof insert:

shall be open to examination and inspection as other public records under the same rules and regulations as may govern the examination of public documents generally.

Mr. CURTIS. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a quorum.

The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. SACKETT in the chair). The clerk will call the roll.

The legislative clerk called the roll, and the following Senators answered to their names:

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Mr. WATSON. Mr. President, will the Senator yield to me for a moment?

Mr. NEELY. I yield to the Senator from Indiana.

Mr. NORRIS. Mr. President, before the quorum call, I will state to the Senator from West Virginia [Mr. NEELY] that I had offered an amendment to the tax bill which is now the pending amendment. While the clerk was calling the roll the Senator from New York [Mr. COPELAND] informed me that he has to leave the city this afternoon at 3 o'clock and he has one or two amendments that he wishes to offer and dispose of before he leaves.

Mr. COPELAND. I understand the remarks of the Senator from West Virginia will be very brief.

Mr. NORRIS. I am not finding fault with the Senator. Mr. NEELY. I want to be accommodating not only to the Senator from New York but to all other Senators. I yield to the Senator from Indiana.

PROPOSED BITUMINOUS COAL COMMISSION

Mr. WATSON. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent, out of order, to introduce a bill and to make a brief statement with reference to it.

Mr. SMOOT. Will it lead to any discussion?

The bill is introduced purely as a basis of argument for the future; it is not intended as a finality, but is what the miners think would be a proper remedy for the difficulties in which this industry is involved. Other bills, I am told, will be formulated by other branches of the industry and will be presented at a later date; but with that understanding I desire at this time to introduce this measure.

The bill (S. 4490) to regulate interstate and foreign commerce in bituminous coal; provide for consolidations, mergers, and cooperative marketing; regulate the fuel supply of interstate carriers; require the licensing of corporations producing and shipping coal in interstate commerce; and to create a bituminous-coal commission, and for other purposes, was read twice by its title and referred to the Committee on Interstate Commerce.

Mr. JOHNSON. Mr. President, as the author of and one deeply interested in the resolution for the investigation of conditions in the coal-mining industry and in the coal-mining regions, I want to express for myself personally and for those for whom I acted in presenting the resolution our gratitude and our appreciation to the Interstate Commerce Committee and to the chairman of that committee for the able, courageous, and painstaking way in which that investigation has been conducted, and for their fairness in ultimately reaching their conclusions. We feel-all of us who are interested in that resolution and in the conditions existing-a debt of gratitude to that committee and to its chairman that we never can repay. Mr. WATSON. I thank the Senator.

TAX REDUCTION

The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, resumed the consideration of the bill (H. R. 1) to reduce and equalize taxation, provide revenue, and for other purposes. Mr. COPELAND. Mr. President

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from West Vir

ginia has the floor.

Mr. NEELY. Mr. President, I yield to the Senator from New York.

Mr. COPELAND. Mr. President, taking advantage of the kindness of the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. NORRIS], who has agreed to withhold action on his amendment, I send, in order that it may be pending, an amendment which we may consider when the revenue bill shall be regularly taken up.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment of the Senator from Nebraska is the pending amendment.

Mr. NORRIS. In order to accommodate the Senator from New York I temporarily withdraw my amendment with the idea of offering it as soon as we get through with his amendment.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment proposed by the Senator from New York will be read.

The CHIEF CLERK. On page 22, line 3, after the word "trade," it is proposed to insert the word "profession"; on page 22, line 3, after the word "business," to insert "or in attending meetings of trades, professional or business organizations of which the taxpayer is a member "; and on page 22, line 7, after the word “trade,” to insert the word “profession.”"

PROMOTIONS IN THE ARMY

Mr. REED of Pennsylvania. Mr. President, on yesterday there was laid before the Senate the amendments of the House

Mr. WATSON. There can be no discussion. I am merely of Representatives to the bill (S. 4235) to amend section 12 introducing a bill.

Mr. SMOOT. Very well.

Mr. WATSON. Some three months ago the Senator from California [Mr. JOHNSON] introduced a resolution to investigate the conditions in the coal industry in certain States. For the last three months the Committee on Interstate Commerce has been having hearings on that subject, having concluded them yesterday. There was not as much difficulty in diagnosing the disease as in prescribing the proper remedy. Always the question in the mind of every committeeman, as well as in the minds of all who attended the hearings, was, granting all these things are true, what do we intend to do about them? It was suggested that each phase of the industry represented in the investigation or in the industry or in the transportation of coal or in the ownership of the mines or among the miners themselves should prepare a bill, putting on paper the ideas of that particular branch of the industry as to what is the proper remedy.

Pursuant to that request the United Mine Workers, through their very competent counsel, Mr. Henry Warrum, with such aid and assistance as he cared to call in, formulated a bill. It is that bill that I am now introducing, together with a report also formulated by them, setting forth what they desire to accomplish by means of this bill if it shall be enacted into law.

of the act entitled "An act to provide more effectively for the national defense by increasing the efficiency of the Air Corps of the Army of the United States, and for other purposes, approved July 2, 1926. The House amendment to the body of the bill is somewhat extensive, and at my request the bill and the amendments, the other amendment being an amendment to the title, were referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. By direction of that committee, I report the bill and amendments back to the Senate to-day and move that the Senate disagree to the House amendments, request a conference with the House on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses thereon, and that the Chair appoint the conferees on the part of the Senate. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on the motion of the Senator from Pennsylvania.

Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Mr. President, pending action on the motion of the Senator from Pennsylvania, I inquire whether the Senator has considered the advisability of concurring in the House amendments?

Mr. REED of Pennsylvania. The main House amendment goes pretty far. It takes care of seven pioneer aviators who were qualified prior to 1913 and gives them a retirement pay which is greater than the active service pay of officers of the same grade not on flying duty. It also confers certain benefits on aviators who were distinguished during the war. It seemed

desirable that a further study of the matter should be made
before the Senate should concur in the House amendment.
Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. I shall not oppose the motion
of the Senator from Pennsylvania. I hope, however, that it
will be possible for the conferees to reach an agreement which
may be acted upon before the end of the session. I believe that
the House amendment is a meritorious proposal, and I trust
that the Senate conferees will agree to it if possible.

Mr. REED of Pennsylvania. I ought to say also that the House amendment contains some typographical misprints, which it will be easier to correct, perhaps, in conference.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on the motion of the Senator from Pennsylvania that the Senate disagree to the amendments of the House of Representatives, ask for a conference with the House on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses, and that the conferees on the part of the Senate be appointed by the Chair.

The motion was agreed to; and the Presiding Officer appointed Mr. REED of Pennsylvania, Mr. GREENE, and Mr. FLETCHER Conferees on the part of the Senate.

Mr. NEELY. Mr. President, will those in the rear please be kind enough to discontinue their audible conservation or retire

to the cloakroom?

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senate will be in order. Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Mr. President, the Sergeant at Arms ought to be instructed to request Senators who are carrying on conversation to the disturbance of the Senate to retire or to cease conversation. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sergeant at Arms will be so instructed. The Senator from West Virginia will proceed.

CANCER HUMANITY'S MOST DEADLY SCOURGE

Mr. NEELY. Mr. President, the concluding chapter of that fascinating, thrilling, and instructive masterpiece by Charles Dickens, entitled "A Tale of Two Cities," contains a vivid description of the guillotine, the most efficacious mechanical destroyer of human life that brutal and bloodthirsty man has ever invented. Mr. Dickens says that

All the insatiate and devouring monsters imagined since imagination could record itself are fused in the realization-guillotine.

But through all the years the victims of the guillotine have been limited to a few hundred thousands of the people of France. I purpose to speak of a monster that is more insatiate than the guillotine; more destructive to life and health and happiness than the World War; more irresistible than the mightiest army that ever marched to battle; more terrifying than any other Scourge that has ever threatened the existence of the human race. The monster of which I speak has infested and still infests every inhabited country, it has preyed and still preys upon every nation; it has fed and feasted and fattened, and still feeds and feasts and fattens, on the flesh and blood and brains and bones of men and women in every land. The sighs and sobs and shrieks that it has extorted from perishing humanity would. if they were tangible things, make a mountain. The tears that it has wrung from weeping women's eyes would make an ocean. The blood that it has shed would redden every wave that rolls on every sea. The name of this loathsome, deadly, and insatiate monster is "cancer." It is older than the human race. Evidence of cancer has been found in the fossil remains of a serpent that is supposed to have lived millions of years ago. Records made on papyri by the ancient Egyptians show that the cancer curse was known in the Valley of the Nile more than 2,000 years before the birth of Christ.

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Stated in another way, the death rate from cancer in the area under consideration was for each hundred thousand of our

population, including all ages, as follows: 1921, 86; 1922, 86.8; 1923, 89.4; 1924, 91.9; 1925, 92.6; 1926, 94.9.

In other words, from 1921 to 1926 in the registration area of the United States the annual cancer death rate mounted from 86 for each hundred thousand population, including all ages, to 94.9. But it should be borne in mind that cancer is comparatively rare in both men and women who are under 40 years of age. Accordingly, in order to appreciate the full significance of cancer's ruthless devastation, one must consider it in relation to those who are 40 years old or older.

Accurate statistics as to the ravages of cancer in the United States previous to the year 1900 are not available. But for that year and all subsequent years to and including 1926 such statistics are available for what are known as the 10 original registration States, namely, Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont. The population of these 10 original registration States was in 1980 almost 20,000,000 and more than 27,000,000, or almost a fourth of the population of the entire country, in 1920.

The United States Public Health Service has issued a bulletin entitied "Cancer Mortality," from which it appears that the death rate in the original registration area for each hundred thousand of the population aged 40 years or more from 1900 to and including 1920 is as follows:

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The most conservative cancer statisticians say that more than a hundred and ten thousand, and perhaps as many as a hundred and twenty-five thousand, people died of cancer in the United States during the year 1927, for which complete statistics are not yet available.

At first blush these cold facts and figures may make little impression on the mind of a public official who is charged with no particular responsibility to solve the cancer problem. But upon serious reflection they must challenge the earnest consideration of everyone who is sufficiently thoughtful to be inter

Medical science has conquered yellow fever, diphtheria, typhoid, and smallpox. Medical science has robbed even leprosy and tuberculosis of their terrors. But in spite of all that physicians, surgeons, chemists, biologists, and all other scientists have done, cancer remains the unconquered, the unconquer-ested in perpetuating the human race. able, and defiant foe of the human race. It is to-day more menacing and deadly and irresistible than ever before.

The naked facts and figures which record the rapid, progressive, and persistent advance of this frightful scourge are so appalling as to render superfluous any attempt to emphasize the tale of horror that they tell.

For example, in Great Britain the death rate from cancer in the year 1850 was 274 for each million of the population. During the next 50 years this death rate increased 288 per cent; and in the first year of this century of every million Britons 800 died of cancer. Subsequently for each million of the British population deaths from cancer have been as follows: For the year

1905

1910.

1915.

1920

1923.

866
939

If the rapid increase in cancer fatalities should persist in the future as it has persisted in the past, the cancer curse would in a few centuries depopulate the earth.

Because of the unusual susceptibility of the female breast and organs of reproduction to cancer, about 60 per cent of all who succumb to this scourge are women, while only about 40 per cent are men.

Assuming that all who are known to have died from cancer in the United States in the year 1926 were of average height and that 60 per cent of the victims were females and 40 per cent males, and further assuming that they were all placed in a straight line, that line would be more than a hundred miles long.

If these victims were laid in a double line side by side, the 1,054 line would extend from Washington to Baltimore and 10 miles 1, 179 1,267 beyond.

Do the Members of the Senate realize that every month more than 8,000 of the American people die of cancer; that every day in the year cancer robs 277 of our people of their precious lives; that, on the average, cancer murders 11 of the people of the United States during every hour of every day; that every time the clock ticks off 5 minutes and 30 seconds somebody's father or mother, brother or sister, or daughter or son is by the cancer curse sent to the dissolution of the grave? The fact that cancer is everywhere claiming greater and greater multitudes of victims every day is in itself sufficiently terrifying. But even more horrible is the fact that in its later stages cancer inflicts upon its wretched victims suffering greater than any other disease can entail, torture more excruciating than any ever devised by American Indians, agony more intolerable than any ever inflicted by the fanatical fiends of the Dark Ages.

Mr. COPELAND. Mr. President

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from West Virginia yield to the Senator from New York?

Mr. NEELY. I do.

Mr. COPELAND. There is no suffering in the world equal to the torture of cancer. The Senator has put it strongly ; but he could not choose words strong enough to express the suffering of the human beings with that terrible disease.

Mr. NEELY. I thank the able Senator and eminent physician from New York for approving and emphasizing what I have said.

Mr. BRUCE. Mr. President--

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from West Virginia yield to the Senator from Maryland?

Mr. NEELY. I yield. Mr. BRUCE. It is also true, of course, that all this suffering is to a very great extent alleviated by anodynes.

Mr. NEELY. That is true; but it is also unfortunately true that the dying victim of cancer must be given enough opiates to make him unconscious in order to relieve his pain.

Mr. BRUCE. If the Senator will allow me to make another interruption in the course of his most interesting address, which I have been following with the closest attention, after all is not this supposed increase in cancer due to what might be called the high visibility of cancer under the conditions of modern research?

When I was a boy, very great numbers of people died of cancer without ever knowing that they had, cancer. Even the doctors, especially country doctors, sometimes, when they found that a man was about to succomb to a mortal disease, would not trouble themselves very much about the causation of his condition. It seems to me those are considerations that ought to be taken into account.

Mr. NEELY. The medical profession has been quite capable of diagnosing cancer accurately in most cases for more than 20 years. Unfortunately the cancer victim only too frequently fails to give the surgeon a chance until it is too late. Mr. BRUCE. Yes; I suppose that is true.

Mr. COPELAND. Mr. President, would it disturb the Senator if I said one word more?

Mr. NEELY. No; I gladly yield to the Senator from New York.

Mr. COPELAND. The Senator from Maryland raises an interesting question. Undoubtedly it is true that with the improved means of diagnosis physicians now discover cancer when the old-time physician did not know what was the matter; but, as the Senator from West Virginia [Mr. NEELY] says, during the past 10 or 15 or 20 years we have been in a sense at a standstill in our progress and knowledge of how to recognize cancer. Excluding all the hopefulness that we might build up in our hearts that it is really because we know more, it is undoubtedly true that cancer is on the increase. Whether due to our habits of civilization or what it may be, without going into any detail as to why, the fact remains that cancer is increasing.

Just one other word before I sit down.

The Senator from Maryland speaks about the use of the opiate. Of course, by increasing doses of those narcotics it is possible for a time to control the pain and suffering of cancer; but the time comes when the doses taken are so poisonous that death would come from the administration of the narcotic. In other words, the time comes when the narcotic can no longer give relief; and so, in the end, the patient dies in excruciating agony.

M. NEELY. Mr. President, I hold in my hand Hoffman's illuminating and exhaustive work, entitled "The Mortality from Cancer Throughout the World." The able author of this volume says that the death rate from cancer has doubled in the United States in 40 years.

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Another element of alarm that obtrudes itself into the consideration of the cancer problem is found in the fact that this frightful disease, in a large percentage of cases, steals upon its victims like a thief in the dead of the night. In the beginning cancer is usually painless. Consequently it frequently progresses to the hopeless stage before its existence is certainly known.

In spite of all that countless self-sacrificing physicians and surgeons and other scientists have done, and tried to do, cancer in its advanced stages is still the most mysterious and incurable of diseases, and humanity's most deadly foe. Indeed, the only known certain cure for cancer, even in its early stages, is to be found only in the application of the surgeon's knife. For the benefit of those who are more inclined to think in terms of dollars and cents than in terms of humanity, attention is invited to the fact that the people of the United States suffer from the ravages of cancer an annual financial loss of more than three-fourths of a billion dollars. The following article which appeared in the New York Times for the 6th day of May, 1928, convincingly speaks to the point as follows: CANCER LOSS IN 1927 PUT AT $300,000,000-DR. LUIS I. DUBLIN ESTIMATES ECONOMIC VALUE OF PERSONS WHO DIED AT $680,000,000 Establishing an economic loss as great as if 300,000 workingmen had been idle for a year, cancer in 1927 was responsible for a monetary loss of approximately $800,000,000, according to Dr. Luis I. Dublin, statistician of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. He said that $690,000,000 represented the monetary value of persons dying from this disease and $110,000,000 was spent caring for the victims.

The current year undoubtedly will see a greater economic loss and a greater amount of suffering, since the number of deaths from cancer is steadily increasing, according to Doctor Dublin. Cancer is a condition which usually occurs late in life, toward the end of the economi| cally productive period, he added. However, a very considerable number of deaths occur earlier in life than is commonly supposed.

"We find, for example," said Doctor Dublin, "that under 25 years of age there are every year about 1,600 deaths from cancer, involving losses of $38,000,000; between 25 and 35 close to 3,000 deaths, amounting to $62,000,000; between 35 and 45 the deaths number 10,000, with losses of $160,000,000, and so on up to 75, where we estimate that the money value that is, the earning power-of the average man is no longer appreciable. The important thing to remember is that the total runs up to $680,000,000.

"This is a considerable sum of money and represents a tenth of the total value of all iron and steel manufactured in the United States; it is as much as the total current income of the State of Louisiana." Doctor Dublin estimates that care and medicine cost $1,000 a case. This means that the 110.000 cancer deaths last year involved a loss of $110,000,000, which added to the $680,000,000 means practically $800,000,000.

Sad to relate, practically every other civilized country is suffering as severely as our own from the world-wide cancer scourge. It is estimated that the deaths from cancer in the entire world now reach the grand total of three-fourths of a million a year.

And what is being done to check the advance of this alldevouring insatiate monster?

The best available figures indicate that the total governmental appropriations of the world to combat cancer now amount to only $400,000 a year. That this sum is not only ridiculously inadequate but pitiable in the extreme no intelligent person will deny. In spite of cancer's ravages and the suffering it has wrought among the people of the United States, in spite of cancer's awful desolation which has reached almost every family in the land to this moment our Government has never appropriated a dollar or even a cent to be used exclusively in warring against this hideous disease.

On the 4th day of February, 1927, I introduced in the Senate the first bill that was ever offered in either House of Congress for the purpose of obtaining governmental assistance in solving the cancer problem. That bill proposed a reward of $5,000,000 to the first person who discovered a practical and successful cure for cancer. The great press associations generously carried the news of the introduction of that bill around the world. Within a year after I introduced that measure I received almost 2,500 letters informing me that their writers possessed infallible cancer cures. These letters came from every country on the globe.

Let me read the following of these letters, which are fairly representative of all the rest.

DAYTON, OHIO, February 5, 1997

DEAR SIR: In reading the paper, I saw a reward for the cure of a cancer. Not that I am after the money, but just to show you what the Lord will do, I am sending an anointed handkerchief, and if you

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WORCESTER, C. P., SOUTH AFRICA. DEAR SIR: In writing on an advertisement of our South African newspaper of March, 1927, offering £1,000,000 for giving the best receipt for cancer, drink mixed herbs for working the cancer out of the body and blood. Take 1 ounce boggo, 2 ounces stoneflower, 2 ounces wild vineyard to a bottle of boiling water; let draw for 10 or 15 minutes; let set cold; take three times a tablespoonful a day. No meat or any salt fish may be taken when drinking this mixture. Also no strong drinks may be taken, such as wine and brandy.

For healing an open cancer wound take 2 ounces beeswax, 2 ounces castor oil, 4 or 6 ounces kraal bosch; fry together for 15 minutes; let cool; use two times a day. The wounds must be cleaned with warm water before using the salve.

Dear sir, my hope and longing are to receive a reply from you on this receipt.

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But burning with a desire to aid, if possible, in relieving humanity of the cancer curse, and believing with Edmund Burke that even the attempt to render a great service to mankind— would ennoble the flights of the highest genius and obtain pardon for the efforts of the meanest understanding,

I next sought the counsel and advice of some of those who are recognized as great authorities on cancer.

Dr. Joseph Bloodgood, of Johns Hopkins University, one of the greatest, if not the greatest cancer surgeon in the world, and one of the most princely men I have ever had the good fortune to know, has, with a reckless disregard of his own precious time, conferred with me at length again and again, and most generously given me his wise counsel and advice in my quest of means by which the Government could properly and effectually aid in solving the perplexing cancer problem.

Through Doctor Bloodgood's kindness I was permitted to participate in a meeting in his home in Baltimore at which the following eminent persons besides my host were present: Dr. J. B. Murphy, of the Rockefeller Institute; Prof. Raymond Pearl, Drs. Roland Park, Thomas S. Cullen, Warren H. Lewis, Lewis H. Weed, William Mansfield Clark, James S. Ames, George A. Stewart, and Mr. Merrill Stout.

After an entire evening's deliberation and discussion, it was unanimously decided by those present that the best method of beginning the offensive against the aggressive and deadly cancer foe lay in the introduction of a bill to authorize the National Academy of Sciences to investigate the entire cancer subject and report to Congress in what manner the Federal Government could assist in coordinating all cancer research and in conquering this most mysterious and destructive disease. The National Academy of Sciences was selected as the proper organization to make the investigation for the reason that it is composed of the most eminent doctors, chemists, biologists, and other scientists in the country.

The meeting in question was mindful of the fact that in the year 1915, when the constantly recurring slides threatened to destroy the Panama Canal, the National Academy of Sciences had, at the request of the President, promptly solved that problem. It was further believed that those composing the National Academy of Science possessed in the aggregate more knowledge that might be useful in discovering a cancer cure than was possessed by any other organization.

Acting upon the unanimous recommendation of those who participated in the meeting in Doctor Bloodgood's home, I intro

duced Senate bill No. 3554, which authorizes the National Academy of Sciences to make the investigation and report described in the bill. An appropriation of $100,000 was proposed to cover the actual necessary expenses of the work. The bill was referred to the Committee on Education and Labor, which has amended the measure by reducing the proposed appropriation from $100,000 to $75,000. With this amendment the bill was unanimously reported from the committee and placed on the Senate Calendar.

A single Member of the Senate has informed me that he opposes my bill in its present form for the reason that he believes that the United States Public Health Service should be authorized to participate in the proposed work. After familiarizing myself with the recent accomplishments of the Public Health Service, and particularly after studying the remarkable achievements of Dr. J. W. Schereschewsky, of the Health Service, in experimenting with malignant tumors in mice and in successfully inoculating chickens with the Rous fowl sarcomas, and in a number of cases curing the artificially developed sarcomas by the action of "an intense electrostatic field, excited by high frequency oscillations," I became convinced that the Public Health Service should aid in making the investigation and report proposed in my bill.

The work in cancer research recently done by the Public Health Service without any specific appropriation for the purpose is, or at least may be, of great value. And let it be observed in passing that the great Public Health Service has never been supplied sufficient appropriations to carry on the important work to which it is most industriously applying itself. For instance, for the current year the service is not given a dollar for the specific purpose of cancer research.

In order to provide that the work contemplated in my bill shall be done by the Public Health Service and the National Academy of Sciences jointly, I shall later offer certain amendments and ask that they be adopted by unanimous consent. The only effect of the adoption of these amendments will be to have the contemplated work done by the Academy of Sciences and Public Health Service jointly instead of by the National Academy of Sciences alone, and reduce the proposed appropriation from $75,000 to $50,000.

Let me implore the Senate to pass this bill to-day and without a dissenting vote, to the end that the Congress may soon be informed how the Federal Government can assist in solving the cancer problem that is costing the United States almost $800,000,000 a year, destroying more than a hundred thousand lives a year, and inflicting more suffering and agony upon the American people than all the other diseases known to humanity.

During the last Congress we appropriated $10,000,000 to eradicate the corn borer. For the present fiscal year we appropriated for the investigation of tuberculosis and paratuberculosis in $2,000,000; for the improvement of cereals, more than $700,000; animals more than $5,000,000; for meat inspection, more than

for the investigation of insects affecting deciduous fruits, vineyards, and nuts, more than $130,000. I favored and supported all of these appropriations, and countless other appropriations of a similar nature.

But in view of our unequaled liberality in protecting our domestic animals against every sort of disease and pest, and in view of the vast expenditures we have made in protecting every species of food-yielding plant and tree, and in further view of the fact that the Government has never yet appropriated a dollar for the particular purpose of combatting cancer, I beg, in the name of all the vast hosts of cancer victims living and dead, for an appropriation that will make it possible for the work of rescuing suffering and perishing humanity from this frightful scourge immediately to begin.

If you should ask what the Public Health Service and the National Academy of Sciences will be able to do with this awful problem, I should answer that, in detail, I do not pretend to know. But the indomitable spirit of Americanism that impelled Grant to say, "I propose to fight it out along this line"; Lawrence to say, "Don't give up the ship"; Hale to say, "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country"; Webster to say, "Nothing is impossible at Bunker Hill"; that matchless and magnificent American spirit, bold, unterrified, and unafraid, always exalted and glorified by serving the suffering and the distressed, will impel and enable these two great organizations to formulate plans and suggest ways and means to eradicate cancer, the unspeakable horror of horrors, and to save humanity from the greatest tragedy since Calvary; from the greatest curse that has ever been visited upon the children of men.

I now ask unanimous consent for five minutes in which to perfect the amendments and pass this bill.

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