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with their blood; when, scandalously famous by the disasters of Copenhagen, which she surprised in the midst of peace, she sought, in the pillage of her arsenals, for a few sad and bloody spoils. But the scandal of this understanding between the Portuguese government and England may be traced to other times. When England meditated, in 1806, the rekindling in Europe that war which your majesty has so gloriously terminated, she sent a fleet to Lisbon. The ministers had conferences: time has developed the object and the result. Have not the English squadrons, sent to the river Plata, touched at Janeiro? Did not the troops sent to Buenos Ayres and Monte Video receive provisions from the Brazils? These distant succours may have escaped the attention of Europe; but she saw Portugal receive and victual in her ports the English ships destined to blockade Cadiz, to attack Constantinople and Egypt; those which were to land troops in Naples, to stir up revolt; those which were to introduce English merchandise upon all the coasts of the Mediterranean, though Portugal knew that all the ports in the south were shut against them. A French consul, whom Portugal had acknowledged and admitted to the exercise of his functions in the port of Faro, has been taken from his house by the intendant of the customs, sent to prison, taken out only to be exiled; and the Portuguese government refused for three months to repair that outrage. Protestations of neutrality ill concealed this hostile conduct. The court of Lisbon should have explained itself without shuffling. Your majesty proposed to it to accede to the system of the Continent, and had it done so, you

would have forgotten every thing. Far from deferring to your majesty's proposals, the Portuguese government had no other solicitude than that of informing the court of London, of tranquillising England relative to her interests, of guaranteeing the safety of the English, and of their property in Portugal It had neither protected the French nor their commerce: the persons and trade of their enemies have continued free and favoured. Portugal promised to join the cause of the Continent, even to declare war against England; but she wished to make it, if I may use the expression, in concert with her, to furnish her, under the appearance of hostility, with the means of continuing her trade with Portugal, and through Portugal with the rest of Europe; a kind of war equivalent to a perfidious neutrality. Succours were demanded of England; and, to gain time, attempts were made to deceive your majesty by vain declarations: scruples were alleged upon some of the consequences of the war, when none were entertained upon war itself, which breaks all ties. In vain did your majesty, deigning to condescend to these pretended scruples, modify your first demands-the same refusals were renewed--Portugal made promises, but delayed the execution, under different pretexts. At one time, it was the prince of Beira, a child of twelve years, who was to be sent to the Brazils, to defend that colony-at another time, it was a squadron expected from the Mediterranean, which it was wished to have in safety in the Tagus. Thus Portugal, embarrassed by her own artifices, making with the court of London engagements, real and useful to the English-with France,

vague and pretended engagements -waited for succours and advice from England, sought to delay the measures of the cabinet, and, humiliating herself before both, blindly committed to the chance of events the interests, perhaps the existence of a nation which unanimously desired her not to give them up to a power so fatal to all its allies. The epoch which your majesty had fixed for the expected determination, which you had consented to prolong for a month, arrived: Portugal decided her own fate; she broke off her last connections with the Continent, by reducing the French and Spanish legations to the necessity of quitting Lisbon. Portugal has placed herself in a state of war with France, notwithstanding the benevolent disposition of your majesty towards her. War with Portugal is a painful but necessary duty. The interest of the Continent, from whence the English ought to be excluded, forces your majesty to declare it. Longer delay would only place Lisbon in the hands of the English.”

Second Report, Jan. 2, 1808."His excellency recalls to the recollection of his majesty, how necessary were the active and vigilant measures which have been taken, and so well seconded, by the rapidity of the march of the French troops. Portugal only sequestered the English goods, when the English were secure from that measure, which Portugal did not even affect to execute. She concerted her evasion with the English; and, a little while before we received the news of it, a courier had carried to Italy, where the emperor then was, new protestations of attachment to the common cause of the Continent. He announced the return of M. de Le

ma, who had quitted Lisbon, and the arrival of the ambassador-extraordinary, M. de Marialva, probably the dupe, as was the courier, of the bad faith of her court. Portugal is at length delivered from the yoke of England: your majesty occupies it with your troops: it had been left defenceless on the sea side, and a part of the cannon on her coasts had been spiked. Thus England menaces her at present, blockades her ports, and would lay waste her shores. Spain has had fears for Cadiz-she has had fears for Ceuta. It is against that part of the world that the English appear to wish to direct their secret expeditions. They have embarked troops at Gibraltar; they have recalled from that quarter those which had been driven from the Levant, and a part of those which they had accumulated in Sicily. Their cruizers on the coast of Spain become more vigilant, snd seem to wish to revenge upon that kingdom the reverses they have experienced in the Spanish colonies. All the peninsula deserves to fix particularly the attention of your majesty." Report of the Minister of War, on

the measures taken by France on the present circumstances, 6th Jan`uary.

"Your majesty ordered me to form the first and second corps of observation of the Gironde. The first of those corps, commanded by General Junot, has conquered Portugal. The head of the second is ready to follow the first, if circumstances require it. Your majesty, whose vigilance is never at fault, wished the corps of observation of the ocean confided to Marshall Moncey, to be in the third line. The necessity of shutting the ports

of the Continent against our irreconcileable enemy, and of having upon every point of attack considerable means, in order to profit by any of the fortunate circumstances which may present themselves, to carry the war into the heart of England, Ireland, and the Indies, may render the levy of the conscription of 1809 necessary. The party which rules at London has proclaimed the principle of eternal war; and the expedition to Copenhagen has revealed its criminal intentions. Though the indignation of all Europe has been excited against England-though at no period has France had such numerous armies-it is not sufficient: it is necessary that English influence should be attacked every where where it exists, till the moment in which the sight of so many dangers shall induce England to drive from her councils the oligarchs who direct them, and to confide the administration to wise men, capable of conciliating the love and interest of their country with the love and interest of the human race. A vulgar policy would have made your majesty disarm, but such a policy would be a scourge to France, and render imperfect the great results you have prepared. Yes, sire, your majesty, far from diminishing your arms, ought to augment them, till England shall have acknowledged the independence of all powers, and restored to the seas that tranquillity which your majesty has ensured to the Continent. Undoubtedly your majesty must suffer in requiring from your people fresh sacrifices, and in imposing new obligations on them; but you ought also to yield to the cry of all the French "No repose till the sea be free, and a just peace shall have re-established France in

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the most just, the most useful, and the most necessary of her rights." No. 37.—Just Memorial which the Representatives of the Royal House of Spain, Donna Carlota Juaquina de Bourbon, Princess of Portugal and Brazil, and Don Pedro Carlos de Bourbon y Braganza, Infant of Spain, address to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Portugal, that he may deign to attend to, protect, and preserve the sacred rights which their August House has to the Throne of Spain and the Indies; which Throne the Emperor of the French, by means of an abdication or renunciation, executed under the most atrocious and detestable violence, has recently torn from the hands of the King, Don Carlos IV., and their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Asturias, and the Infants, Don Carlos and

Don Antonio.

"The melancholy accounts received from Spain, respecting the occupation of the capital and principal posts by the French, the declared enemies of the Crown of Portugal, and not less hostile in their conduct to that of Spain, deeply afflict us; inasmuch as we, at this moment, foresee the slavery of the faithful and generous Spanish nation, and the consequent ruin of the Throne of our ancestors.

"The irregular conduct of the Emperor of the French, and the unjust proceedings of his generals and other ministers, long since afforded us abundant motives to manifest those just feelings of resentment, which, at the time, we thought proper to stifle in silence; considering that the aid of our voice was not necessary to display the reason and justice of our cause, outraged by

the despotism of an absolute and arbitrary power; but now that we are apprised of the perfidy with which, under the pretext of a friendly conference, the King, the head of our house, and the branches of our family in Spain, were persuaded to trust their persons in the hands of him who menaced their rights, ours, and those of all the subjects of the King of Spain-a perfidy by which they were forced to sign formal acts of abdication and renunciation, and individually carried out of the kingdom, to be confined in places already stained with the blood of other branches of our Royal Family-filled with horror at such proceedings, we think it our duty to implore the assistance of your Roya Highness, as our immediate natural Guardian and Protector; intreating your assistance against the propagation of this system of usurpation, which swallows up all the States of Europe, one after another; and soliciting your Royal Highness's interposition in favour of our House, that by your power and influence you may place us in a condition (as the nearest relatives of the King of Spain) to be able to preserve his rights, and stoutly to secure our own, by a junction of the Portuguese, Spanish, and English forces, in order to prevent the French from effecting, by means of their armies, the same acts of violence and subversion which they have committed over almost the whole extent of Europe.

"Your Royal Highness, in consideration of the state and condition in which our august Father and Uncle, with the rest of the family of our august House of Spain, cannot but approve of this our proceeding a proceeding grounded on the fundamental principles and laws of the

Spanish monarchy, from which we will never detach ourselves-a proceeding justified by the incontrovertible principles of divine and natural justice; and as such we expect that it will merit the approbation of our beloved uncle, the King of the Two Sicilies, that of his Royal Family, and that of all those personages who are chiefly interested therein. This proceeding we also consider as a measure expected by the members of our unhappy and unfortunate family, now in a state of constraint and oppression, removed from their kingdom, and, what is assuredly the most painful, torn from the bosom of their tenderly beloved subjects, the faithful, constant, and generous Spaniards.

"Such is the view of things which our dearly-beloved cousins and uncle, the Prince of Asturias and the Infants Don Carlos and Don Antonio, wished to convey to us, when, after describing the entrance of the French troops, and their superiority of numbers, they thus proceed:

"In this state of things, their Royal Highnesses, reflecting on the situation in which they stand, and also the delicate circumstances wherein Spain is placed, considering that, in a crisis of such difficulty, any attempt on the part of the Spanish people to retrieve their rights would be pregnant rather with ruin than advantage, and could have no other result than that of producing torrents of bloodshed, and occasioning the certain loss of at least a great part of their provinces, and the whole of their transmarine colonies.'

"This style of expression appears to offer evident proofs, first, of the violence exercised towards the Princes, to make them write, but without permitting them to write all that they

might wish, in order to manifest their real sentiments; secondly, that, perhaps, if Spain were not so circumstanced and occupied by a hostile army, they themselves would not think it useless in the inhabitants to make an attempt to recover their rights; thirdly, that if the transma. rine colonies were reduced to a similar situation, they would be completely lost. And in these expressions we discover a tacit, but very obvious insinuation, addressed by them to us, and their most faithful countrymen still in a state of freedom, that we should all of us, with one consent, contribute to the defence and preservation of their rights.

"We are, therefore, firmly persuaded that this opinion will meet with the concurrence of our uncles in Sicily, and also that of all the other Members of our Royal Family, and all our fellow-countrymen who are free, and at a distance from such insults and oppressions.

"Rome, the depositary of our holy religion, is once more insulted, and in subjection to this arbitrary Power, the common disturber of Europe. In vain does his Holiness protest against the exile of the Most Eminent the Cardinals; in vain does he enjoin them not to stir until they are com. pelled by violence. He has no recourse but to complaints and lamentations, as we perceive from his note, signed by the most eminent the Cardinal Doria, which says, 'that such proceedings are manifestly directed to the subversion and destruction of the power of the church.'

"We are happy in being on this side of the Atlantic, inasmuch as we are neither subjected, nor in a condition of being subjected; if, banishing from us all party-spirit, we cultivate that perfect union and alliance

which, in proportion as they identify our feelings, will also consolidate our resources, which are sufficient for the formation of a respectable force, fully adequate of itself to resist and repel any invasion, and to secure our interests, our liberty, and our lives, against the ambition of France.

"We cannot for an instant entertain a doubt of the loyalty and affection which, at all times, the inhabitants of the Americas have manifested towards our august house, and most particularly towards our dearlybeloved father, for whom they have so recently sacrificed their lives and properties, and given the highest proofs of their loyalty.

"Under this impression, and convinced that the misfortunes of our family will afflict their hearts with grief, which have ever taken an interest in the preservation of our rights, we trust, that, by means of the influence and assistance of your Royal Highness, a perfect alliance may be effected with the American subjects of the King of Spain, by which we shall easily be enabled to secure ourselves from the attacks of the enemy; while, by a measure so just and salutary, we shall also destroy the seeds of those family quarrels which incessantly arise between the subjects of the two kingdoms, and which always produce consequences to be lamented.

"With a view to the realization of our just and salutary intentions, we are desirous of having a secure opportunity to communicate them to the governors, tribunals, and other personages, being the lawful depositaries of the authority of our king and master, which we in no respect wish to alter or abridge, but, on the contrary, are anxious to preserve and defend it, against the power of