An Introduction to the Study of International Organization

making reference work simpler for the student, confined my references to general and secondary materials; references to relatively inaccessible materials and to works in languages other than English have been reduced to a minimum. I am particularly indebted to certain writers— for example, Hershey, Phillipson, and Satow,-because of the serviceableness of their works as reference books. Ample introduction to the more highly specialized materials will be found in the books cited in the special sections in Appendix B.

The frequent references to works on international law, as well as the professional feeling of some persons who are interested in that subject, may raise a question concerning the propriety of such a work as this, distinct from a treatise on international law. To such a question my reply would be as follows: Two distinct types of material are included in the ordinary treatises on international law, namely, material descriptive of the institutions for regulating and conducting international relations, and of their methods of operation in practice, and material stating the recognized rights and duties of states. The latter, and only the latter, is international law proper. The former is political science, descriptive and analytical. International law proper should be handled by lawyers as law; it should be purified of non-legal materials. When that is done it will not be so likely to appear to the legal profession as near-law, or imitation law. International organization will also profit in its turn by receiving due attention in its own name. The vast stretches of material in the works of international law descriptive of the machinery of world government are no more in place in such works than would be a description of the courts in a treatise on private law. These materials should, however, be brought together in a work such as I have here tried to produce.

I am happy to have this opportunity to express to Pro

fessor James Wilford Garner, of the University of Illinois, my appreciation of the opportunity to work into this particular field of study, as distinct from international law, which he was the first to give me, and to Professor Frederic Austin Ogg, the editor of the series in which this volume appears, for a laborious and exceedingly helpful revision of the text. I am glad, also, to have the chance to record my thanks to my wife, Jessie Dalton Potter, for the patience with which she has served as audience for a perpetual lecture on this subject, and for her many sympathetic suggestions as I have worked out the subject in my own mind, during the past few years.

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