Analyze :

"A dewy freshness fills the silent air."

66

Blessings ever wait on virtuous deeds."

All labor is noble and good. — ORIENTAL PROVERB.

Noble and good are predicate nominatives. That is, they are in the nominative case, a part of the predicate with the verb is. What kind of verb is is?

Land of the noble free, of thee I sing. -SMITH.

Land of the noble free is a nominative independent (p. 254).

Analyze :

Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears.

Father, may I go?- HEMANS.

- SHAKESPEARE.

A contented spirit is the sweetness of existence.
To the pure all things are pure. PROVERBS.

What kind of phrase is to the pure? What does it modify?

NOTE. The order of the sentence does not always show the relations of words.

Turn to "The Blessings of Poverty," p. 281. Select and analyze all the simple sentences.

LXXIII

ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX SENTENCES

There was once a boy who longed to be a man.

This is a complex sentenee, composed of (1) the principal clause, There was once a boy, and (2) the dependent clause, who longed to be a man.

(3) A boy is the grammatical subject of the principal clause and was once is its grammatical predicate. There is an expletive (see p. 173).

Boy is the simple subject. It is modified by the indefinite article a and the adjective clause, who longed to be a man.

Was is the simple predicate. It is modified by the adverb of time, once.

(4) Who longed to be a man is an adjective clause, modifying boy.

(5) The relative pronoun who is the subject.

Longed to be a man is the grammatical predicate. Longed is the simple predicate. It is modified by the infinitive phrase to be a man. To be a man is the object of longed.

The infinitive to be is modified by the predicate complement a man (p. 256). Man is modified by the indefinite article a.

Some people know how to keep dry when it rains.

Principal clause - Some people know how to keep dry. Dependent clause When it rains.

How to keep dry is a noun phrase, the object of know.

When it rains is an adverbial clause of time, modifying know.

Complete the analysis.

Analyze the following complex sentences:

They also serve who only stand and wait.—MILTON.

If we stand firm, we shall not fail. — LINCOLN.

-

If battles were to be accounted great in proportion to the numbers engaged, Bennington would be but small. — PHELPS.

To the Teacher. - For a simple diagram of the analysis of the complex sentence, see p. 345, Appendix.

"We come, as Americans, to mark a spot which must forever be dear to us and our posterity."

"It was so cold that the mercury froze in the bulb."

The adverb so modifies cold. The adverbial clause, that the mercury froze in the bulb, modifies the adverb so.

NOTE. - So... that are called correlatives. Other correlatives in common use are so ... as, though... yet, when... then, neither . or, not only...

nor, either.

as, such. as.

In analyzing complex sentences, (1) name the principal clause, (2) name the dependent clause or clauses; (3) analyze the principal clause as if it were a simple sentence; (4) state the kind of each dependent clause and its relation to the principal clause, and (5) analyze each as if they were simple sentences.

LXXIV

ANALYSIS OF COMPOUND SENTENCES

(1)

Faithful are the wounds of a friend, but the kisses of an BIBLE. enemy are deceitful.

This is a compound sentence.

The clauses are independent. Analyze each of them separately as if they were two simple sentences, naming the conjunction but, which connects them.

Rejoice not when thine enemy falleth and let not thine heart rejoice when he stumbleth. — BIBLE.

Name the two independent clauses of this sentence. What kind of sentence is each clause considered as a separate sentence?

Analyze each as a separate complex sentence.

Compound sentences should be analyzed as two or more separate simple or complex sentences, merely joined by conjunctions.

(2)

Analyze all the compound sentences in "Burgoyne's Surrender."

Read:

BURGOYNE'S SURRENDER

John Burgoyne had airily said in London that with an army of ten thousand men he could promenade through America; and now the brilliant gentleman was to make good his boast. On July 1, 1777, all hope and confidence, with more than seven thousand trained and veteran troops, besides Canadians and Indians, his brilliant pageant swept up Lake Champlain. On July 5, by the mere power of his presence, without a blow, Ticonderoga fell, and the morning of its fall was the high hour of Burgoyne's career. He had undone the electric deed of Ethan Allen. The chief obstruction to his triumphal American promenade had fallen. The bright promise of the invasion would be fulfilled, and Burgoyne would be the lauded hero of the war. His eager fancy could picture the delight of London, the joy of the clubs, of Parliament, of the king.

A hundred days later, how changed the scene! These hundred days saw the desertion of his savage allies, the failure of the Mohawk expedition, the defeat at Bennington, and the final disaster at Saratoga.

To the Teacher.

A somewhat elaborate diagram of the first sentence of this selection is given on p. 346, Appendix. Remember the caution on p. 286.

At eleven o'clock, on the 17th of October, 1777, Burgoyne's troops, with tears coursing down bearded cheeks, with passionate sobs, with oaths of rage and defiance, laid down their arms. As the British troops filed between the American lines, they saw no sign of exultation, but they heard the drums and fifes playing "Yankee Doodle." A few minutes later Burgoyne rode to the headquarters of Gates. The English general, as if for a court holiday, glittered in scarlet and gold; Gates, plainly clad in a blue overcoat, received his guest with urbane courtesy. They exchanged the compliments of soldiers. Burgoyne said: "The fortune of war, General Gates, has made me your prisoner." Gates gracefully replied, "I shall always be ready to testify that it has not been through any fault of your excellency." General Burgoyne drew his sword, bowed, and presented it to General Gates. General Gates, bowed, received the sword, and returned it to General Burgoyne.

Such was the simple ceremony that marked the turning point of the Revolution. Thenceforth it was but a question of time. The great doubt was solved. It was the surrender of Burgoyne that determined the French alliance, and the French alliance secured the final triumph.