Fredericksburg and Concentration at Culpeper- Reconnoissance

in force by the Federal Cavalry under General Pleasanton-Desper-

ate Engagement at Beverly Ford or Brandy Station-Capture of

General Stuart's Head -quarters' Chest containing Lee's Plans-

Prompt Measures by General Hooker to Defeat Lee's Purposes-

Lee Forced to the Shenandoah Valley instead of moving North-

ward and East of the Mountain as he Intended-Daily Marches of

the Two Armies - Exposed Condition of General Milroy at Win-

chester-Warned of his Danger he Declares his Ability to Main-

tain his Position - Reconnoissances made and Skirmishes with the

Advancing Enemy-Arrival of Early's and Johnson's Divisions

before Winchester-Rodes' Division drives Colonel McReynolds

from Berryville - His Wagon - train Flees to the Potomac at Wil-

liamsport-Pursued by Jenkins' Cavalry-Capture of Martinsburg

by General Rodes - Severe Fighting at Winchester - Milroy aban-

dons Winchester in the night and flees toward Harper's Ferry—

Intercepted by the Confederates- His Forces Defeated and many

Slain and Captured- Escape of part of his Force to Maryland

Heights, and others to Everett or Bloody Run in Southern Pennsyl-

vania-Jenkins crosses the Potomac at Williamsport.......

CHAPTER III.

Page.

66

Preparations for the Reception of the Enemy. Advance of General Jenkins.

Description of Southern Pennsylvania - Preparations made to Repel

the Threatened Invasion-Departments of the Monongahela and

Susquehanna ordered-The Militia called out - Intense Excite-

ment along the Southern Border-Graphic Description by Rev.

Dr. Philip Schaff-Excitement in Chambersburg, and the contents

of the Bank, stores, and Court House secreted or sent away-Flight

of the Farmers with their Horses and Cattle-McReynolds' Wagon-

train Flees down the Valley-Tremendous Panic of the Teamsters

-Dashes through Chambersburg-Jenkins' Cavalry in Pursuit

enters Chambersburg-Capture of Lieutenant Smith and George

Hawkins in the Public Square-Perilous Escape of their Captors-

Desperate Strait of Mr. J. S. Brand-Reprisals made upon the

Town for Captured Horses and Accouterments - Shirk's Hill occu-

pied-Scouring the Country for Plunder-Horses and Negroes

taken-Narrow Escape of Hon. Thaddeus Stevens-Jenkins orders

the Stores and Shops to be Opened -Alarm of the Confederates

and Hasty Falling Back-Jenkins Plunders the Southern part of

Franklin County-Fulton and Adams County Visited and Plun-

dered.

89

Stuart's Cavalry leaves its Encampment on the South bank of the Rap-
pahannock and moves Northward - Precautionary Movements of
the Federal Army-The Safety of the National Capital, General
Hooker's Paramount Object — Magnificent Strategy, and the Ap-
proaches to Washington all Covered - Cavalry Engagement at Aldie
and Upperville-General Stuart Sealed Up in the Valley-Advance
of General Knipe from Harrisburg- General Lee issues a General
Order at Berryville Relating to the Conduct of his Troops, and the
taking of Supplies - New York Militia in Camp a mile South of
Chambersburg-A Suspicious Person visits the Camp-Rodes'
Division Advances from Williamsport-Jenkins' cavalry Advance
to Marion-Surprised and Fall Back, Pursued by a Company of
Federal Cavalry-First Battle of the War upon Pennsylvania Soil
- Observations from a Tree Top, and the Confederate Advance Re-
ported to General Knipe-Panic Among the New York Militia-men
-Cowardly Flight-A Federal Officer Shoots his Horse-Slander-
ous Stories told by these Panic-stricken Men--General Order issued
by Lieutenant General Ewell-Johnson and Early cross the Poto-
mac and Advance to Hagerstown-Early Deflects to the East and
passes down the Valley by way of Waynesborough, Quincy, and
Funkstown to Greenwood-Jenkins Re-enters Chambersburg —
Requisition made for Supplies-Requisitions upon Greencastle by
General Ewell-Rodes' Division Enters and Passes Through Cham-
bersburg-Arrival of General Ewell-General Order Relating to
the Disposition of Liquor-Requisition upon Chambersburg for
Supplies-Examination of Stores-Immense Losses of the Citizens
of Chambersburg-Printing done for the Confederates - Shrewd
Financiering-Occupation of Shirk's Hill and Cannon Planted-
Stewart's Brigade of Infantry marches from Greencastle to McCon-
nellsburg-Battle of North Mountain-Undue Importance Attached
to this Affair-Hill's and Longstreet's Corps cross the Potomac
and Advance down the Valley-Confederate Court-Martial — Addi-
tional Requisitions for Supplies - Passage of Johnson's Division -
General Early visits Ewell near Chambersburg - Method of Send-
ing Information to the Authorities at Harrisburg-Perilous Escape
of some of our Dispatch Bearers - Arrival of Hill's Corps-De-
scription of General Hill — Lee and his Staff in the Public Square
-Council between Lee and Hill-Immense Importance of this
Council-A Historic Scene-Eagerness to see which way the Con-
federate Commander and his Staff would take-Turns Eastward-

-

Page.

-

Page.

Immediate Dispatch of this Fact to Harrisburg — Benjamin S.
Huber, the Heroic Dispatch Bearer-Interesting Account of his
Trip-Closeted with the Governor of Pennsylvania and the Mili-
tary Authorities-Lee's whereabouts known at Washington early
in the day following his Entrance into Chambersburg-Descrip-
tion of General Lee and his Brilliant Staff-British Officers with
the Grand Cavalcade - Lee makes his Head-Quarters upon the
Eastern Outskirts of Chambersburg- Destruction of Hon. Thad-
deus Stevens' Iron Works by General Early-Early crosses the
South Mountain and marches upon Gettysburg-Requisitions upon
Gettysburg General Imboden crosses the Potomac and Enters
Pennsylvania - Plundering by the Way-Jenkins' Cavalry pass
through Carlisle - Falling Back of the Federal Troops under Gen-
eral Knipe-Arrival of Longstreet's Corps - General Order by Lee
-Humanity of the Confederate Chieftain - Commendable Behavior
of the Confederates - Lee's Orders generally Observed - A few
Outrages only by Stragglers-Citizens Caught in out of the way
places Robbed - Hats, Boots, and Watches taken - Mr. Strite Mur-
dered and his body Secreted-Scouring the Country for Supplies
- Precautionary Measures in some Localities-Mountain Passes
Fortified by the Farmers to Secure their Horses - Brilliant Dash
by Captain Dahlgreen upon the Confederate Communications at
Greencastle - Prisoners and Confederate Mail Captured and Hur-
ried Across the Mountain to the Union Head-Quarters-Rodes' In-
fantry passes through Carlisle - Requisitions upon Mechanicsburg
by General Jenkins - Early's Division Enters York - Requisitions
made upon the Town-A ransom of One Hundred Thousand Dol-
lars Demanded - Part of this Amount Paid Over-Insolent Order,
or Address to the People-General Gordon with his Brigade Ad-
vances to Wrightsville on the Susquehanna - Object of this Move-
ment - Immense Importance of Preventing the Confederates from
Seizing the Columbia Bridge crossing the River at that place-
Hurried Concentration of Militia under Colonel Frick-Breast-
works thrown up on the Western Bank of the River - Resistance
made at this Place-Threatened to be out-flanked, the small Federal
force Recrosses the River to Columbia-Order from General Couch
to Destroy the Bridge when it could no longer be held - The Torch
Applied - Official Account by Colonel Frick-An Unusual Sun-
day's Occurrence in Chambersburg-Breaking Open of Stores and
Cellars - Colonel Freemantle's Account of this Day's Work-
Disposition of Confederate Scrip- Another Clerical Financier-
Visit to General Lee in his Camp by Mrs. Ellen McClellan - Inter-
esting Account of the Interview-Skirmish at Oyster's Point-

CONTENTS.

-

Collision between Federal Cavalry and part of Imboden's force
upon the North Mountain-Defeat of Confederate Cavalry in Mc-
Connellsburg by Captain Jones-Ignominious Flight of Pennsyl-
vania Militia-Heth's Division of Hill's Corps crosses the South
Mountain and Encamps about Cashtown - Advance of the Divis-
ions of Generals Hood and McLaws - Pickett's Division Remains
near Chambersburg and Destroys the Railroad - Visit of Dr. J. L.
Suesserott to General Lee's Head-Quarters-Lee's Nervousness
Description of the Confederate Army - Manner of Marching-Per-
fect Discipline - Behavior of the Men-Laughable Occurrences
Depression and Discouragement of Some - Cases of Desertion
Surprise at our Magnificent Country-Ignorance of what was going
on while under Confederate Rule - Richmond Papers our only
Source of Information- Depressing Stories of Confederate Victories
told us - Patriotic Feelings and Expressions of our People - Im-
menseness of Lee's Army-Its Probable Length - Observations
from a Church Steeple - Return of Ewell's Great Wagon Train and
its Rapid Passage Eastward - Significance of this Movement and
Report of the same sent to Harrisburg-Perilous Adventures of
Rev. S. W. Pomeroy while bearing this Dispatch - Information of
this Concentration Forwarded to the Head-Quarters of the Army
of the Potomac, and General Meade put in Possession of it Before
Daylight Cause of this Concentration— Arrival of General Long-
street's Scout - The Federal Army heard from-The Order to
Attack Harrisburg Countermanded, and a Concentration about Cash-
town Ordered― Places Occupied by the Different Corps and Divis-
ions of Lee's Army when this Order for Concentration was issued-
Routes taken by each-Early marches from York by way of East
Berlin, and passes the night near Heidlersburg-Rodes marches
from the Vicinity of Carlisle, and crosses the South Mountain by
Mt. Holly Gap, and unites with Early-Longstreet and Lee ride
together from the vicinity of Chambersburg and Encamp together
over night at Greenwood - Pender's and Anderson's Divisions of
Hill's Corps march from Fayetteville and Greenwood and join
Heth at Cashtown-Johnson's Division of Ewell's Corps Retraces
its Steps from the Vicinity of Shippensburg to Greenvillage, and
passes directly across to Greenwood by way of Scotland, where it
remains over night-Jenkins' Cavalry crosses the South Mountain
by Mt. Holly Gap, and enters into and Plunders Petersburg - Re-
ceives Dispatches and hurries on to Gettysburg-The Cavalry Bri-
gades of Generals Beverly Robertson and William E. Jones cover
the Withdrawal of Rodes from the Valley-Imboden's Cavalry
Occupies Chambersburg-Ordered by Lee they Advance to Green-

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xvii

Page.

wood to Prevent his Communications from being Interrupted by
any Federal Advance by way of the Pine Grove Road - The Cav-
alry Brigades of Robertson and Jones Return from down the Valley
and passing through Chambersburg go on to Gettysburg-Con-
federate Advance from Cashtown under General Pettigrew upon a
Reconnoissance to near Gettysburg-They Fall Back to Marsh
Creek, where they Remain over night— Arrival of the Divisions of
Hood and McLaws at Marsh Creek - Location of each Corps and
Division of the Confederate Army during the Night Before the
First Day's Engagement...

Page

114

CHAPTER V.

The Advance of the Federal Army.

General Hooker, advised of the whereabouts of the Confederate Army,
crosses the Potomac and marches Northward-Daily Movements
of each Corps of the Federal Army-Left Wing thrown across the
Potomac - Crampton's and Turner's Passes Covered - Thorough-
fare Gap Uncovered and Stuart emerges from the Valley-Com-
pelled to pass around to the East of the Federal Army - Right
Wing crosses the Potomac - The Twelfth Corps moves to the Point
of Rocks to unite with General French at Maryland Heights with
the view to fall upon Lee's rear-Disagreement of General Halleck
with this Plan- Correspondence between Generals Halleck and
Hooker-Hooker Resigns the Command and General Meade put
in his place - A Dark Sabbath-day in the Nation's History-Com-
munications with Washington cut by Stuart-His Cavalry ad-
vance Creates Intense Excitement in Baltimore and Washington—
Supreme Patriotism of the Army and Willing Acceptance of the
Change of Commanders - Meade and Reynolds in Council-Gen-
eral Kilpatrick Supersedes General Stahl in Command of his
Cavalry Division - Custer, Merritt, and Farnsworth made Brigadier
Generals of Cavalry-The Army passes through Frederick City —
That place its point of divergence- Erratic Movements of General
Stuart-Intercepted by Kilpatrick at Hanover, a Severe Engagement
is the Result - Ignorant of Early's Departure from York, Stuart
continues on toward that place-Crosses Early's and White's routes,
but ignorant of the course they went-Deceived by a False Report
he crosses over to Carlisle-Steady and Cautious Advance of the
Federal Army-Explorations of the Country made, and the Line
of Pipe Creek chosen for the expected Battle- Instructions Issued
to the Corps Commanders, and an Order or Address to the Army-
Reynolds sent by way of Emmittsburg toward Gettysburg-Buford's
Cavalry passes through Gettysburg, and encamps over night twe