the managers, who, as foon as he had heard her fing, put her down on the lift of performers at twenty fhillings a-week. Her first appearance was in the year 1728 at Drury Lane theatre, in the play of Mithridates. The part the performed was that of Ifmenes, the page of Ziphores, in boy's cloaths, in which character a fong proper to the circumftances of the fcene was introduced, which the executed with great fuccefs. At this period, the fprightliness and vivacity of her difpofition, and an appearance fcarce more than infantine, pointed her out as the proper representative of parts in which youth and fimplicity were to be perfonated. In the first feafon of her theatrical life, the performed Phillida, in Cibber's Love in a Riddle, a play which the enemies of the author had determined to condemn without hearing. We are, however, informed that when our actress appeared, the clamour which had been cutrageous fubfided, and a perfon in the stage-box was heard to call out to one of his riotous companions," Zounds, Tom, take care, or this charming little devil will fave all." The part of Phillida was afterwards formed into an after-piece, and continued to be a favourite performance of the public for many years. Continuing to improve in her profeffion, fhe added both to her falary and her fame, and foon became an actress who contributed greatly to the fupport of the ftage. In 1731 her performance of Nell in the Devil to Pay, fixed her reputation as the greateft performer of her time in that fpecies of character, and for more than thirty years the remained without a rival. From a dedication to the Intriguing Chambermaid, by the celebrated Henry Fielding, we are informed, that it was to him the town were obliged for the first discovery of her great capacity, and brought her moie early forward than the ignorance of fome and the envy of others would have otherwife permitted. In the next year, 1732, the united herself in marriage with George Clive, a gentleman of the law, and brother to Baron Clive. This union was not productive of happiness to either party. They foon agreed to feparate, and for the reft of their lives had no intercourfe together. Chetwood hints that the received fome ill ufage from her husband, but of what kind, or with whom the blame was to reft, we are not informed. At this juncture fhe had an opportunity of difplaying the integrity of her private character, by refufing to join the mal-content performers, who, with young Cibber at their head, revolted from the acting manager, and fet up for themselves in oppofition to him at the Haymarket. Her fidelity to her unfortunate employer was the more laudable, as her abilities would have much contributed to the fuccefs of his opponents, and were in fact his principal support. At Drury-lane the continued without interruption until the year 1743, still increafing in reputation, In 1740 fhe was felected to play in Alfred, acted at Cliefden-houfe before the Prince of Wales; and in the fame year reprefented Celia and Portia, on the revivals of VOL. IV.. As 3 D As you like It, and The Merchant of Venice. In June 1741 fhe went to Ireland, and performed a fhort time in Dublin. In 1743 fhe removed to Covent Garden Theatre; and at the beginning of the season of 1744 we find her unemployed, and publishing a pamphlet, complaining of the manager's treatment of her, under the title of "The Cafe of Mrs. Clive fubmitted to the Public," 8vo. Being unengaged at either Theatre, fhe on the 2d of November had a concert of vocal and inftrumental mufic at the Haymarket, by command of the Prince and Princess of Wales, for her benefit, at which Mr. Lowe, herfelf, and Mifs Edwards were performers. The differences between her and the managers feem to have been accommodated before the end of the month, as fhe then appeared again at Covent Garden. In 1745 fhe returned to Drury Lane, at which Theatre fhe continued until 1769, the time when the entirely quitted the stage. In 1750 fhe produced at her own benefit a farce called The Rehearsal, or Bays in Petticoats, which was altered and reprefented again on the fame occafion in 1753, and a third time with an additional fcene in 1762. At her benefit in 1753 fhe quitted the fock for the bufkin, and undertook the part of Zara in The Mourning Bride, in which if the derived any advantage, it must have been from the curiofity of the public to fee her in fo uncommon a fituation. We remember at the time it was univerfally allowed that fhe added nothing to her fame, and this folly she never afterwards repeated. In 1756 Mr. Garrick complimented her with the first performance of his admirable character of Lord Chalkftone in Lethe. In 1760 the entertained her friends with another farce, called Every Woman in her Humour; and in 1763 with a third, called The Sketch of a fine Lady's Return from a Rout. In both thefe pieces the only parts which could be commended were her own excellent performances. In 1761 a dramatic piece, called The Island of Slaves, was acted at her benefit, but this has been afcribed to the pen of a friend. In 1768 Mrs. Clive's intimate friend Mrs. Pritchard quitted the ftage, and the fucceeding year the determined to follow her example: fhe could, if the had thought proper, have continued feveral years longer to delight the public in various characters adapted to her figure and time of life; for to the laft fhe was admirable and unrivalled. On this occafion we are told, that Mr. Garrick fent Mr. Hopkins the prompter to her, to know whether he was in earnest in her intention of leaving the ftage. To this meffenger fhe difdained to give an anfwer. To Mr. George Garrick, whom he afterwards deputed to wait on her on the fame errand, the was not much more civil; however, the condefcended to tell him, that if his brother wifhed to know her mind, he should have called upon her himfelf. When the manager met her, their interview was fhort, and their difcourfe curious. After fome compliments to her great merit, Mr. Garrick wifhed, he faid, that fhe would continue, for her own fake, fome years longer on the ftage. This civil fuggeftion, the anfwered by a decifive negative. He afked how much he was worth? She replied brifkly, As much as himself. Upon his smiling at her fuppofed ignorance or misinformation, the explained herself by telling him, that he knew when she had enough, though he never would. He then intreated her to renew her agreement for three or four years; the peremptorily refufed. Upon his renewing his regret at her leaving the ftage, fhe frankly told him that he hated hypocrify; for fhe was fure that he would light up candles for joy of her leaving him, but that it would be attended with fome expence. Every body will fee there was fome unneceffary smartness in the lady's language; however it was her way, as her friend Mrs. Pritchard used to exprefs it. On the 24th day of April, 1769, the comedy of The Wonder and Lethe were acted for Mrs. Clive's benefit, and on that evening fhe took leave of the stage. From this time Mrs. Clive retired to a fmall but elegant house near Strawberry-hill, Twickenham, where the paffed the remainder of her life in eafe and independence, refpected by the world, and beloved by a circle of friends. A few years fince he was afflicted with a jaundice, but feemed lately to be quite recovered from the effects of it. During the winter of 1784 the visited Mrs. Garrick in London, and was induced once more to go to the theatre, to fee the performance of Mrs. Siddons. On being afked her opinion of this lady's acting, the answered very forcibly, though with a rufticity not unfrequent with her," that it was all truth and day-light." A more extenfive walk in comedy than that of Mrs. Clive cannot be imagined; the chambermaid in every varied fhape which art or nature could lend her; characters of whim and affectation, from the high-bred Lady Fanciful, to the vulgar Mrs. Heidelberg; country girls, romps, hoydens and dowdies, fuperannuated beauties, viragoes and humourifts. To a frong and pleafing voice, with an ear for mufic, fhe added all the fprightly action requifite to a number of parts in ballad farces. She had an inimitable talent in ridiculing the extravagant action, impertinent confequence, and infignificant parade, of the female opera finger; the fnatched an opportunity to fhew her excellence in this stage mimicry in the Lady of Fashion in Lethe. Her mirth was fo genuine, that whether it was reftrained to the arch fneer and the fuppreffed half laugh, widened to the broad grin, or extended to the downright honeft burft of loud laughter, the audience was fure to accompany her; he must have been more or lefs than man, who could be grave when Clive was disposed to be merry, But the whole empire of laughter, large as it is, was too confined 3 D2 fined to fatisfy the ambition of a Clive: this daughter of mirth af pired to what nature had denied her; the wifhed to fhine in those parts of high life where elegance of form and graceful deportment give dignity to the female character. Not content with this deviation from her own ftyle in acting, she would fain try her abilities in the more lofty tread of the buskin. Nature has feldom given to the fame perfon the power to raise admiration and to excite mirth: to unite the faculties of Milton and Butler, is a happiness fuperior to the common lot of mortality. The uncommon applaufe which Mrs. Clive obtained in Shakefpear's Portia, was owing to her mifreprefentation of the character; mimicry in a pleader, when a client's life is in danger, is but misplaced buffoonery. This inclination to figure in parts ill adapted not only to her ge nius, but her age and perfon, accompanied this great actress to the laft, and fometimes involved her in difagreeable difputes, from which she had the good fortune to extricate herfelf by her undaunted fpirit. Mr. Garrick dreaded an altercation with her as much as a quarrel with an author whofe play he had rejected; whenever he had a difference with Mrs, Clive, he was happy to make a drawn battle of it. After a fhort illness Mrs, Clive departed this life, December 6th, 1785. CLUVERIUS (PHILIP), a celebrated geographer, was born of an ancient and noble family at Dantzic, in 1580. He was educated by his father with a great deal of care, and fent to Leyden to study the civil law. But Cluver had no inclination at all for law; his genius led him early to the love of geography; and therefore Jofeph Scaliger is said to have advised him to make that his particular ftudy, and not to do violence to his inclinations any longer. This advice was followed; upon which Cluver prefently fet out for the Low Countries, in order to take a careful furvey of them: but paf fing through Brabant, for the fake of paying a visit to Juftus Lipfius, he had the misfortune to be robbed, which obliged him to return immediately to Leyden. Meanwhile his father was grown quite angry at him for deferting the ftudy of the law, and refused to furnish him with money; which drove him to bear arms, as he afterwards did two years in Hungary and Bohemia. It happened at that time, that the baron of Popel, who was his friend, was arrefted by an order from the emperor; and thinking himself extremely ill used, he drew up a kind of manifefto by way of apology, which he sent to Cluver to translate into Latin. This Cluver did for him, and caufed it to be printed at Leyden; which fo difpleased the emperor, that he complained by his ambaffador to the States, and had Cluver arrested, Cluver however was foon fet at liberty; liberty; upon which he returned to his geographical ftudies; and that nothing might be wanting to perfect him in them, he travelled through feveral countries; through England, France, Gerinany, and Italy. He was alfo a prodigious linguist, being able to talk with eafe and fluency, as we are told, no lefs than ten languages. He died at Leyden 1623, only 43 years old. Cluver published in his life-time, "De tribus Rheni alveis, Germania antiqua. Sicilia antiqua. Italia antiqua:" and Vorftius published after his death another work, entitled, "Introductio in univerfam Geographiam tam veterem quam novam, &c." But, as Cellarius obferved, there is not that nicety and exactnefs fhewn in this laft work, as in his former; especially in his " Italia Antiqua," and "Sicilia Antiqua.” COBDEN (EDWARD), D. D. and chaplain in ordinary to George II. was early in life chaplain to Bifhop Gibson, to whose patronage he was indebted for the following preferments; viz. the united rectories of St. Auftin and St. Faith in London, with that of Acton in Middlesex, a prebend in St. Paul's, another at Lincoln, and the archdeaconry of London, in which laft he fucceeded Dr. Tyrwhit in July 1742. His earliest publication was, "A Letter from a Minifter to his Parishioner, upon his building a Meeting-house," 8vo. " A fhort Character of Mrs. Jeffop, Widow of the late Rev. Mr. Jeffop of Temsford in Bedfordihire, and Mo ther of Mrs. Cobden," is printed in his works. Seven of his Sermons are enumerated in Letfome's "Preacher's Affiftant ;" and "A Charge to the Clergy of London, April 22, 1746, with a fhort Character of Dr. Roper," was printed in 1747. His celebrated fermon, preached before the king at St. James's Dec. 11, 1748, was entitled, "A Perfuafive to Chaftity." In an advertifement the doctor obferves, "that it having given occafion to some unjust cenfures, he thought proper to publish it, hoping that nothing in the fentiment or expreffion will be found unworthy of the facred function of a preacher of the Gospel, or of the serious attention of a Chriftian allembly." In 1748 he published an 8vo volume of." Poems on feveral Occafions," for the benefit of his curate's widow; in 1755, "An Effay tending to promote Religion," 8vo; and in 1756, " A Poem facred to the Memory of Queen Anne, for her bounty to the Clergy," 4to. His whole works were collected by himself, in 1757, under the title of "Difcourfes and Effays, in Profe and Verfe, by Edward Cobden, D.D. Archdeacon of London, and lately Chaplain to his Majefty King George II. above Twenty-two years, in which Time molt of thefe Difcourfes were preached before him. Published chiefly for the use of his Parishioners," one large 4to volume, divided in two parts. Of this volume 250 copies only were printed, 50 of which were appropriated to a charitable ufe. The first part of it contains |