pally by the narcotic indulgence. The great preacher, Robert Hall, also smoked, to allay a violent pain which greatly tormented him, but had he been well versed in the laws of health, he would have fasted, or drank mild dilutent drinks for that complaint, rather than have used an article that was producing such untold moral and physical evil to the Church of Christ. Ministers, above all, should abstain from such a soul and body polluting habit as tobacco using. Only fancy ambassadors and followers of Christ pumping in and out of their systems clouds of poisonous tobacco smoke, Men have been known to rave, and weep, yea, and gnash their teeth, like men in delirium, when deprived of their favourite weed; and such will be the case in the glorious future, when the servants of God will gather out of His kingdom all causes of sin and iniquity, and cast this vile and satanic drug into a furnace of fire, when old smokers, and chewers, and snuffers, will most assuredly experience the sufferings depicted above. Non-tobacco users will then, with other righteous men, stand some chance of shining forth as the sun in the kingdom of their Father, and more especially will innocent women and children shine forth, when God's beautiful atmosphere shall be purified from the poisonous fumes of tobacco smoke, and thus being enabled to breathe into their lungs air possessing all its heavenly qualities and sweetness. Especially should all temperance and teetotal organisations lead the van in this noble enterprise, and path of purity and selfdenial ("If any man will follow me, let him deny self," says Christ) by setting themselves as a fint, and declaring war to the knife against this insidious foe, tobacco; not only for the sake of their own health and happiness, and greater perfection (which of itself is vastly important), but chiefly for the good of their households, and all about them, and inexperienced youthful members of society with whom they are constantly coming in contact. Teetotal smokers and

chewers should at once, and without a second thought, throw their selfishness, and longings, and feelings, with respect to this powerful narcotic poisonous stimulant, on one side, and say, come life or death, we will keep the destroying monster at bay, and serve him no longer, and only do what is right and natural;" and very soon proper healthy feelings will take the place of the depraved ones formerly possessed.

The annual production of tobacco has been estimated at 4,000,000,000 pounds. This must be used in smoking, chewing, and snuffing. Were it all munufactured into cigars, the number would be 400,000,000,000, or no less than four hundred billions of cigars! If this tobacco, say, in its unmanufactured state, cost about sixpence per pound, we have £100,000,000 expended every year in producing a noxious, poisonous, soul and body destroying weed.

In its manufactured state, it would represent the enormous amount of at least £250,000,000; how in the face of such figures can this world be a happy one, and if one member suffers the whole must suffer, how vastly important that all philanthropists, and members of the legislature, and ministers and teachers, should see this fearful evil in its true light, and exert their mightiest energies and means, in ridding this beautiful earth (made to be inhabited for ever) of such a tremendous hinderance to the perfection of mankind.

The use of tobacco, as I have previously shown, is a great drawback on intellectual performances and philosophical pursuits, and as the distinguished Professor, Dr. Hufeland, asserts in his "Art of Prolonging Life,' (a most talented and beautiful work) viz.: "The ancient philosophers undoubtedly studied as much as the modern literati; and yet never suffered from the hypochondria, hemorrhoids, and other dangerous complaints (which are so prevalent in these times)."

The sole cause of their exemption was, that they never used tobacco, nor drank coffee or tea; also that

they meditated more, lying or walking, and in the open air; and because, at the same time that they exercised the mind, they never neglected the due care and the exercise of the body.

In England, at the present time, mighty efforts are now being made by means of sanitary measures, and novel laws and policies, to regenerate our bodies and our political institutions; but it is very plain that they fall short of the purity and unselfish devotion so essentially necessary in every new measure destined to be of lasting benefit to our fellow creatures.

All reforms are of little value so long as man's habits are so much at variance with the great laws of his being, and so tinctured with the blood of the animated creation. Revolutions, writings, and debates, are polluted and degraded by the use of tobacco, and we may as well add, also by alcoholic drinks, tea and coffee, also by the enormous amount of flesh meat consumed as food, and other stimulants, and excitants which are in such general use, and so long as the intellectual and moral faculties are affected and obscured by these things, no truly healthy or happy individuals can possibly exist.

Tobacco is not only one of the most powerful, but one of the most loathsome poisons in the vegetable kingdom, and therefore, when any human being has succeeded in overcoming the strongest instinctive antipathies of his nature, and formed an appetite for this filthy weed, that appetite is extremely despotic in its power, and will not be appeased by any other stimulant, and is more difficult to overcome than almost any other depravity of the human body.

I have already so fully explained the manner in which this abominable poison affects the human system, in former paragraphs, that it is not necessary I should say more concerning it. If what has been said will not convince man of the folly and madness of using tobacco form as a means of stimulation, no human testi

in any

mony will; and I have little hope that anything I can say will have much effect in removing so deep and so universal a depravity. Opium is in all respects so essentially like tobacco, that what is true of one, in regard to its effects on the human system, is in general true of the other; except that opium, being more commonly taken into the stomach; more immediately impairs the digestive organs, but both tobacco and opium act alike injuriously in impairing and serving to destroy all the physiological and psychological powers of the human system. The grand characteristic of all narcotic substances is their anti-vital or life destroying property.*

The appreciable morbid effects which these poisons produce are of course modified by the different degrees of constitutional power in different individuals, and by all the varieties, of situations, circumstances, conditions, and habits in life; but in all cases they impair the functional powers of all the assimilating, circulating, and other organs concerned in the general office of nutrition, cause more or less of unhealthy irritability in the nerves of organic life, debilitate the brain and the whole cerebro-spinal system, diminish the muscular power, in every respect predispose the body to disease, always aggravate disease when induced,-cause frequent and distressing physiological depression and mental disquietude and despondency, and strongly tend to delirum and confirmed insanity.

It is most evident then, that tobacco, opium, and all other narcotic and intoxicating liquids and substances are poisonous to the human body, and cannot be employed by man as means of stimulation, without decided detriment to his whole nature; and when they are habitually and freely used, the injury is always great and very often calamitous.

Besides the evils already mentioned. the habitual use of narcotics serve powerfully to diminish the size of the

* Graham's Science of Human Life, p. 273,

human body from generation to generation, and otherwise to impair its symmetry, and greatly to deform it. Employed as medicine, these substances often do great mischief; and it is certain that as a general fact the medical use of them has been incalculably more injurious than beneficial to the human family.*

In short, as a general rule, the less man has to do with them, as stimulants or as medicine, the better will be his health, and the more uniform his enjoyment; and the less he has to do with all kinds of purely stimulating substances, as seasonings to his food or means of stimulation, the more certainly will he be blessed with good health, long life, and happiness, if his habits are in other respects correct. Even the camphor and cologne bottles are far more frequently the sources of evil than of good to those who employ them; and the infusions of tea and coffee, according to the degree of strength, act on the system precisely as do the narcotics tobacco, and opium, and alcohol, and the infusions or teas made of pungent and exciting herbs should be used with great caution, and especially as drinks or medicines for children.

Both for internal and external application, in health and in sickness, pure water is, as a general rule, the most salutary liquid that can be used.†

Nicotine, the poisonous principle of tobacco, acts directly as a heart poison. In experimenting on animals, the eminent physiologist, Claude Bernard, observed it paralysed the central organ of the circulation, thence sudden death.

A dose insufficient to kill produces symptoms analogous to those of angina pectoris. An eminent physician of the present day, M. Beau, who died ten years since, read a paper at the Academy of Sciences, in 1862, in which he showed, by a great number of * Graham's Science of Natural 'Life, p. 275. † Graham's Science of Human Life, p. 275.