while away. Of the 46 cases
4 became ill later than 2
weeks after closure of dairy,
but they occurred in families
already infected and most
likely were secondary and in-
fected by existing cases in the
families.

19 Explosive outbreak among Wife of milk- Milkman nursed

customers of 1 milkman
whose wife was found con-
valescing from typhoid. The
husband nursed his wife, who
was in a room adjoining the
milk room, and handled milk
and washed the cans. Dairy
was closed and outbreak
ceased.

All cases occurred between Aug.
1 and Sept. 15. All had used
milk or cream coming from 1
creamery. The driver of the
skim-milk wagon of this
creamery had typhoid at a
time when it was possible for
him to have been the source
of the infection. Water in-
fection had been eliminated.
Outbreak limited to I dairy
route almost entirely. Milk
was only thing those infected
had in common. Farmer's
family had typhoid antedat-
ing outbreak. 24 families
were invaded.
Dairyman was also night-soil
scavenger. He supplied 30
families, of which 13 were in-
vaded by typhoid. Sale of
this milk was stopped and
outbreak ceased.

wife and han-
dled milk and
washed cans.

134

April, 1894.

Bacup..

33

5

Explosive outbreak of typhoid
in every farmhouse but 1
which supplied a certain
cheese factory with milk.
The households invaded
were in the habit of receiv-
ing back the whey from
milk and using it. The
household not invaded did
not do this. Those drinking
the whey only after it was
boiled escaped. Of the first
54 cases reported, 49 lived in
houses supplying the cheese
factory with milk and tak-
ing back whey in return.
Cases occurred on a milk route
of which the proprietor was
nursing his daughter ill with
typhoid.

A milker nursed a typhoid
patient. Milk from this
farm was sent to a creamery.
Of the 24 farms taking their
milk to this creamery and
receiving back the skim milk
12 were invaded with ty-
phoid. Of the 180 in this
same district not dealing
with the creamery only 2
were invaded and these cases
had eaten at infected houses.
Of the 12 farms dealing with

136

October, 1893

University
Virginia.

of

3

137

August, 1893..

Bandon, County
Cork.

69

6

60

138 July, 1893

Stockport.

9

9

63

creamery but not invaded some boiled their milk before using and others fed all the skim milk to the stock. All cases among people buying milk at one vendor's.

Of the first 18 cases only 1 was
not a consumer of the sus-
pected milk. In the first 3
weeks the cases numbered 15,
15, and 22. Of the 48 house-
holds supplied by this milk
only 3 escaped typhoid. 14
days after closing dairy cases
became much less numerous
and after a month only 7
cases were reported in the
next two months. There had
been 2 cases of typhoid at
milk farm antedating out-
break. Water used from
shallow well polluted by sew-
age from house.

44 Typhoid unduly prevalent in
best part of city from a sani-
tary standpoint. Water and
sewage eliminated as causes.
Of 54 cases 44 used milk from
1 dairy. This dairy supplied
less than one-twentieth of the
milk used but had forty-four
fifty-fourths of the cases.
Milk was the only thing these
cases had in common. Water
supply (cistern) of dairy ex-
amined and bacillus found
by Dr. Wm. Vissman resem-
bling morphologically and
otherwise the Eberth bacillus.
In one family only 1 person
used unboiled milk and she
contracted typhoid.

122

141

1893.

Hoya..

150

dairy.

All.

dairy.

Of 37 cases in August, 19 were Typhoid at
among consumers of sus-
pected milk and 24 out of 45
in September. At dairy a
shallow well was used for

washing cans. After stop-
ping sale of milk and the al-
fowance of a proper incuba-
tion period only 8 cases were
reported.
Explosive outbreak. 6 of the
first 7 cases were users of the
suspected milk. Son of
dairyman had typhoid and
wife nursed son and milked
COWS. Of the 20 cases 15
used this milk and the other
5 may have done so.

All cases were among consum-
ers of 1 milk farm where
water was used from a pol-
luted well in a confined yard.
Cases ceased to be reported
21 days after destruction of
well.

On dairy farm... Sa me person

nursing
ty-
phoid patient
and milking
cows.