corvets, thirty gunboats, several merchant vessels, and a great number of small craft, comprising nearly the whole of the dey's marine, were destroyed; as were also his storehouses and arsenal. Six thousand Algerines were killed or wounded, the dey's palace was pierced with several shot, and many houses destroyed. The English and Dutch lost 128 killed, and 690 wounded. At two in the morning a land breeze springing up, the ships warped off; and the next day a peace was concluded, as prescribed by the English, stipulating the immediate release of all European slaves in the dominions of the dey; the abolition of Christian slavery forever; a delivery to the British flag of all money received for the redemption of captives since the commencement of the year, and full reparation to the British consul for all the losses he had sustained in consequence of his confinement. These several chastisements successively inflicted on the Algerines by the Americans and British, and the destruction of their marine by the latter, obliged them to abandon for a considerable time, in a great measure, their piratical system. Sweden, Denmark, Portugal, and Naples, however, still pay them an annual tribute of twenty-four thousand dollars each.

Conquest of Algiers. To close the story of Algerine piracies, it is to be hoped forever, it may be added, that in consequence of an insult to the French consular flag, an armament consisting of thirty-five thousand land troops, under General Bourmont, accompanied by a large naval force under Duperre, sailed from Toulon on the first of June 1830; disembarked at a small port twelve miles eastward of Algiers on the 16th, and commenced the bombardment of the city on the 4th of July. On the 5th the emperor's fort, the principal fortress, was abandoned, and blown up by order of the dey and the French took possession of the city without further resistance. Algiers was reduced to absolute and unconditional submission. Eighty millions of public treasure, a sum more than sufficient to remunerate the expenses of the war, was found. Private property and the rights of persons were respected. What disposition will ultimately be made of this conquest, remains yet to be determined.

Newfoundland fisheries. The treaty of 1783, which terminated the war of the revolution, contained a provision, that the citizens of the United States might still enjoy the privilege of fishing on the British North American coast, and of improving the adjacent shores for the purpose of

at Algiers in a dungeon. In August Admiral Sir Edward Pelew, then bearing the title of Lord Exmouth, was sent with five ships of the line and five heavy frigates, to demand satisfaction. Captain Dashwood was dispatched in the Prometheus from Gibraltar, with a flag to obtain the release of the consul. The dey refused to give him up, or suffer his family to be taken away, determining to hold them responsible with their lives for any hostility committed by the English. The British captain succeeded in getting off the consul's wife and daughter disguised in midshipmen's uniform, leaving a boat to bring off their infant child. The surgeon gave it a composing draught, put it in a covered basket, and was proceeding to the boat; in passing the gateway, the little infant, unconscious of danger, made a noise by which they were discovered, in consequence of which the surgeon, three midshipmen, and the whole company were seized, and thrown into a dungeon. The next morning, however, the dey sent off the child to its mother on board the Prometheus. On the 25th of August, Lord Exmouth, with his fleet, in conjunction with a Dutch squadron of five large sail, under the command of Admiral Capellon, appeared before Algiers.

The British admiral immediately sent in a summons, demanding the cautionary surrender of the Algerine fleet; the release of the consul, the delivery to the admiral of all who had been concerned in the massacre at Bona; the renewal of the former treaty, and the release of all European captives in his dominions without ransom. The dey, having obtained previous information of this armament, had taken every precaution to place himself in an attitude of defence. The clamor which the American treaty had excited among his subjects, had determined the dey to hazard a battle with the English and Dutch forces. His fleet was in harbor, and drawn up under the guns of the fortresses; he had collected an army of forty thousand Janizaries, and thrown up large additional works on both flanks of the city, and about the entrance of the mole. Relying on these preparations, he sent an insolent denial to the requisitions of Lord Exmouth. On the reception of this answer, the admiral immediately bore up and anchored his flag ship, the Queen Charlotte, of one hundred guns, within fifty yards of the mole; the other ships, with a gentle breeze, taking their appointed stations in line of battle. The firing commenced at three in the afternoon, and lasted, without intermission, until half past eleven. Four large Algerine frigates, five

corvets, thirty gunboats, several merchant vessels, and a great number of small craft, comprising nearly the whole of the dey's marine, were destroyed; as were also his storehouses and arsenal. Six thousand Algerines were killed or wounded, the dey's palace was pierced with several shot, and many houses destroyed. The English and Dutch lost 128 killed, and 690 wounded. At two in the morning a land breeze springing up, the ships warped off; and the next day a peace was concluded, as prescribed by the English, stipulating the immediate release of all European slaves in the dominions of the dey; the abolition of Christian slavery forever; a delivery to the British flag of all money received for the redemption of captives since the commencement of the year, and full reparation to the British consul for all the losses he had sustained in consequence of his confinement. These several chastisements successively inflicted on the Algerines by the Americans and British, and the destruction of their marine by the latter, obliged them to abandon for a considerable time, in a great measure, their piratical system. Sweden, Denmark, Portugal, and Naples, however, still pay them an annual tribute of twenty-four thousand dollars each.

Conquest of Algiers. To close the story of Algerine piracies, it is to be hoped forever, it may be added, that in consequence of an insult to the French consular flag, an armament consisting of thirty-five thousand land troops, under General Bourmont, accompanied by a large naval force under Duperre, sailed from Toulon on the first of June 1830; disembarked at a small port twelve miles eastward of Algiers on the 16th, and commenced the bombardment of the city on the 4th of July. On the 5th the emperor's fort, the principal fortress, was abandoned, and blown up by order of the dey and the French took possession of the city without further resistance. Algiers was reduced to absolute and unconditional submission. Eighty millions of public treasure, a sum more than sufficient to remunerate the expenses of the war, was found. Private property and the rights of persons were respected. What disposition will ultimately be made of this conquest, remains yet to be determined.

Newfoundland fisheries. The treaty of 1783, which terminated the war of the revolution, contained a provision, that the citizens of the United States might still enjoy the privilege of fishing on the British North American coast, and of improving the adjacent shores for the purpose of

at Algiers in a dungeon. In August Admiral Sir Edward Pelew, then bearing the title of Lord Exmouth, was sent with five ships of the line and five heavy frigates, to demand satisfaction. Captain Dashwood was dispatched in the Prometheus from Gibraltar, with a flag to obtain the release of the consul. The dey refused to give him up, or suffer his family to be taken away, determining to hold them responsible with their lives for any hostility committed by the English. The British captain succeeded in getting off the consul's wife and daughter disguised in midshipmen's uniform, leaving a boat to bring off their infant child. The surgeon gave it a composing draught, put it in a covered basket, and was proceeding to the boat; in passing the gateway, the little infant, unconscious of danger, made a noise by which they were discovered, in consequence of which the surgeon, three midshipmen, and the whole company were seized, and thrown into a dungeon. The next morning, however, the dey sent off the child to its mother on board the Prometheus. On the 25th of August, Lord Exmouth, with his fleet, in conjunction with a Dutch squadron of five large sail, under the command of Admiral Capellon, appeared before Algiers.

The British admiral immediately sent in a summons, demanding the cautionary surrender of the Algerine fleet; the release of the consul, the delivery to the admiral of all who had been concerned in the massacre at Bona; the renewal of the former treaty, and the release of all European captives in his dominions without ransom. The dey, having obtained previous information of this armament, had taken every precaution to place himself in an attitude of defence. The clamor which the American treaty had excited among his subjects, had determined the dey to hazard a battle with the English and Dutch forces. His fleet was in harbor, and drawn up under the guns of the fortresses; he had collected an army of forty thousand Janizaries, and thrown up large additional works on both flanks of the city, and about the entrance of the mole. Relying on these preparations, he sent an insolent denial to the requisitions of Lord Exmouth. On the reception of this answer, the admiral immediately bore up and anchored his flag ship, the Queen Charlotte, of one hundred guns, within fifty yards of the mole; the other ships, with a gentle breeze, taking their appointed stations in line of battle. The firing commenced at three in the afternoon, and lasted, without intermission, until half past eleven. Four large Algerine frigates, five

corvets, thirty gunboats, several merchant vessels, and a great number of small craft, comprising nearly the whole of the dey's marine, were destroyed; as were also his storehouses and arsenal. Six thousand Algerines were killed or wounded, the dey's palace was pierced with several shot, and many houses destroyed. The English and Dutch lost 128 killed, and 690 wounded. At two in the morning a land breeze springing up, the ships warped off; and the next day a peace was concluded, as prescribed by the English, stipulating the immediate release of all European slaves in the dominions of the dey; the abolition of Christian slavery forever; a delivery to the British flag of all money received for the redemption of captives since the commencement of the year, and full reparation to the British consul for all the losses he had sustained in consequence of his confinement. These several chastisements successively inflicted on the Algerines by the Americans and British, and the destruction of their marine by the latter, obliged them to abandon for a considerable time, in a great measure, their piratical system. Sweden, Denmark, Portugal, and Naples, however, still pay them an annual tribute of twenty-four thousand dollars each.

Conquest of Algiers. To close the story of Algerine piracies, it is to be hoped forever, it may be added, that in consequence of an insult to the French consular flag, an armament consisting of thirty-five thousand land troops, under General Bourmont, accompanied by a large naval force under Duperre, sailed from Toulon on the first of June 1830; disembarked at a small port twelve miles eastward of Algiers on the 16th, and commenced the bombardment of the city on the 4th of July. On the 5th the emperor's fort, the principal fortress, was abandoned, and blown up by order of the dey and the French took possession of the city without further resistance. Algiers was reduced to absolute and unconditional submission. Eighty millions of public treasure, a sum more than sufficient to remunerate the expenses of the war, was found. Private property and the rights of persons were respected. What disposition will ultimately be made of this conquest, remains yet to be determined.

Newfoundland fisheries. The treaty of 1783, which terminated the war of the revolution, contained a provision, that the citizens of the United States might still enjoy the privilege of fishing on the British North American coast, and of improving the adjacent shores for the purpose of