protect our cities, are to be valued only as the craft of a great despotism, unscrupulously pursuing its purpose of world-control. It is the law of such mighty forces that they rend their satellites when success intoxicates to the full. Are we to be such a satellite? Is there no distinction, internationally speaking, and vital to the life of democracy, between an empire like Russia and a federal republic like the United States? Are there no claims on us because thereof? What position are we to occupy in this world-embracing conflict which approaches so rapidly? Is there not, as represented by our own history, a power in the political ethics we are assumed to embody? The Monroe doctrine is not confined to shores that are washed by the Atlantic alone. In the growth of majestic international tendencies which have gravely and humanely affected the course of nations, during the passing two-thirds of a century, it is not too much to declare that the world owes the larger initiative therein to the American Union. From the Old World much is due to the New. Time waits on the Kibes of Daring. Opportunity swings forever its widening gates.

There is but one course for the United States. It is to maintain the Monroe doctrine of "hands off" from the American continents, and add to it a great international declaration and demand for the neutralization of both the oceans. The Atlantic is in many ways approaching the condition of a free world-highway. But, in the immediate interests of civilization and for the permanent security, too, of ourselves and the other American republics abutting upon the greatest of cosmical waters, the American people and government should begin at once to demand the neutralization of the Pacific Ocean. There is no possibility of undoing, if we were to wish it, the continental land-grabbing that characterizes the freebooting records of Great Britain, Russia, and France. But there is the grandest of duties and the broadest of occasions, to express as a matter of national record, our unquenchable hostility to the policy of imperial piracy, which make but a game of bowls of the lives and destinies of Asiatic and Oceanic races and countries.

Let us at least give new warning with simple, honest dignity, of the application of the Monroe doctrine to our western lines as well as our eastern borders. Let us put before the world in the interests of international justice and peace, and of commercial security also, the need of bringing under the rule of a world neutrality, the great ocean whose waters wash the shores whereon over one-half

of the human race find their homes. Look with informing imagination at what such control must include, whether it is brought about by a fierce struggle to a single power or a composite control of political freebooters! Look also, for a brief moment, at the rugged conditions found on the lines of population, alone!

On our Western Hemisphere, the republics of Mexico, Guatemala, San Salvador, Costa Rica, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chili, besides our own Union, are all directly interested, by more or less maritime territory, in a free and neutral Pacific Ocean. That is to say, nations embracing over 90,000,000 of citizens a population nearly as large as the semi-savage hordes and simple peasantry now ruled by the white czar-are to be left at the mercy of a European freebooter in regard to the future of commerce and the rights of free navigation.

In the purview of this article, the destiny and security of republican polity upon our hemisphere are also involved. Turning southward, the future of those young but superbly promising free commonwealths of Anglo-Saxon birth and conditions, that now arise in youthful majesty in the eastern limits of the South Pacific, are all involved and interblended. They are even now several millions strong, largely moulded from the same sane impulses that have made for these states a continental grandeur. But the issues that play ninepins with the future of 900,000,000 of the world's population are even greater and are not to be drooned over in a fat man's dream of diplomacy.

China has 300,000,000 people. Are they to be manipulated by Russia to be the crushing competitors of all other people's industries? Or shall they be the material for the terrific slaughter which the possible overthrow of Europe and the mastership of the world may demand? Are we to sit by dumbly fishing, while the island empire of Japan with its 40,000,000 people is subordinated to the military ambition of the ruler of 30,000,000 superstitious European peasants and traders and of 80,000,000 seminomadic Asiatics? Then, there are the Peninsular and island peoples of the Indian Ocean all facing and feeling the pulsations of the Pacific.

Great Britain alone claims 287,000,000 as its subjects. France has stolen the control of 15,000,000. The Netherlands hold 29,000,000 under a rather mild rule. Spain still flaunts its yellow flag above 9,000,000 on the Philippine and Ladrone islands. The Coreans number 11,000,000. Hawaii, our pledge to oceanic freedom, has but 100,000,

while half a million more may possibly be found on the many score islands and archipelagoes of the Pacific Ocean.

Surely, then, the ambitions of the imperial and commercial freebooters who undertake to make over and remould at the nod of a Greek priest in the Winter Palace, by the orders of a council in India, or at the will of gamblers in the Paris Bourse, the destinies of over one-half of the world's people, have some live and alarming interest for a democratic nationality that looks forward in fancied security to see its commerce, white-winged and swift, sail or steam in freedom across the world ocean's paths. We seek no lands to conquer. But will this be true of others when the Russian holds the Pacific as its lake, or when continued conflicts make it red with blood and black with the flame of belching navies? There is only one remedy-one protec tion! That is, neutralization in the interests and for the freedom of all!

TELEPATHY.

BY CHARLES B. NEWCOMB.

The study of telepathy is a study of the tides and currents of mental forces. A knowledge of the laws that govern them would doubtless explain all psychic phenomena. This appears to be the pass key with which we could unlock all mysteries of hypnotism and all forms of mental healing, could understand communication between the seen and the unseen, and explain all the mysterious influences through which human minds dominate each other in the complex relations of life.

May we not fairly claim that the discovery of the circulation of mind is the greatest discovery of the nineteenth century, as that of the circulation of the blood was perhaps the greatest of the seventeenth? We are beginning to understand that not only are all men of one blood but that all are of one mind-not only that all are of one origin but are also of one destiny. The solidarity of the race is the great lesson of the day. Every human being is a nerve centre of humanity, a ganglion of the universal body, and sensitive to all the vibrations of the human system.

Is not then the study of telepathy the study of those subtle forces which telegraph sensation in the individual body between the brain, the organs, and the muscular system? Is it not simply an extended study of nerve force-communication between the human sensoria in the larger body? Will not a discovery in one field be found to be a discovery in the other, completing the analysis of the nervous system of the universe?

Science as yet has made us acquainted only with methods, and in all fields of discovery has failed to interpret causes.

We begin our march of progress with coarse tools, but after the work of the sappers and miners has been done, after the spade has turned up the earth and the axe has cut down the forest, after the geologist's hammer has broken the rock and the miner's pick has uncovered the vein, we complete the finer work of analysis in the laboratory, and with crucible and electric battery and microscope we penetrate farther into nature's secrets, and learn her processes of construction and operation. Progress is always towards

simplicity. To-day we accomplish with simpler machinery and methods, more work in all mechanical fields than was possible half a century ago. This is in proportion as we have replaced muscle with mind.

Many such advances are preceded by examples of results without machinery, by the simple employment of mental forces. We discover the telegraph, and flash the cable signals under oceans that divide the continents. We apply the electric current to the telephone, and the human voice. becomes audible between cities separated thousands of miles. We carry these applications of electricity to a higher development, and the range of the human vision is extended in the same way as the vocal and the auditory power. It is claimed that the latest discoveries in electric science make it possible to see to immense distances, and to photograph persons and objects far removed from the camera. Yet many of these results have already been obtained without the employment of any wires or batteries. What, then, is the fundamental law by which these seeming phenomena are accomplished? Is it not harmonious vibration? Two violins are tuned to the same key; one is placed upon a table, and a bow is drawn across the strings of the other. The one upon the table responds and vibrates to every chord awakened by the player. This harmony appears to be the first condition of response in all mental communication. The subject and the operator must be in accord. It is often observed that people in close sympathy speak the same thought almost simultaneously, but it is not always possible to tell in which mind, if in either, the thought had its origin. The same inventions and ideas are often developed at the same time in different parts of the world. Thought waves appear to spread and widen in their vibrations very much as those of sound or light. They are also intensified in their power by being brought to a focus, as are the sun rays by a burning glass.

What, then, are the best conditions for projecting thought? Experiment in this field has been so limited, that, as yet, we have reached very few definite conclusions. It appears that the conditions which have produced the most satisfactory results at one time are by no means certain to produce the same results at another. From this it follows that this problem contains some undiscovered factors. It appears, however, certain, first, that there must be harmony between the operators, to admit of reciprocal vibration and produce the best results; secondly, that the mind must be free from the disturbance of anxiety, and confident