543 Extract of a Letter from New South Wales. 544 of seeing him once at his ball in 1754. | male? and then he guesses from the When prince Condé descended at his characters, not only the age of the perdwelling in the Taurish palace, he son, but even the moral disposition. found there all the servants dressed in He has guessed several times with an the same livery which his own domes- astonishing exactness; and Lavater tics had worn at Chantilli, when the might become jealous of him.” emperor Paul saw him there: (how Extract of a Letter from the statedelicate an attention!) on the courtcounsellor Boeder, chief physician chariots, which are intended for the of the king, to Monsieur Bacciarelly, prince's use, the emperor had his arms cabinet-secretary at Warsaw. painted; and on the colours of his regiment, the Russian eagle is surrounded by French lilies. The palace of Czernischeff he gave him as a present; and when he went there for the first time, he found Hotel de Condé written over the gates." "On the 15th December, 1797,-the king was present at a dinner which prince Besborodko gave. Besides the usual splendour, and the completely exhausted art of cookery, one remarked about twenty perfuming pans, which exhaled the most precious odours. There appeared also the famous bomb of Sardanaple, with the epicurean sauce, invented by a butler of Frederick the Second. The most costly wines of all countries were in abundance, and hundreds of wax candles illuminated the tables. At the dessert, every dish was covered with a glass bell, of beautiful workmanship. Etrurian painting adorned these bells, and they did great credit to prince Jusupoff, who is the director and active manager of this manufactory." 66 Petersburg, 6th April, 1798.-Our good master died merely through an attack on the nerves, which was brought on by the painful and disagreeable labour to get out of the embarrassing situation in which unfortunate projects had involved him. For the rest, his end was like that of the empress Catharine, and he was buried with the same honours." EXTRACT OF A LETTER FROM MR. JOHN "I HAVE to inform you of the death of "On the 8th January, 1798,-the king was present at the consecration of the water; but his balcony had been surrounded with windows. The empress, although very far gone with child, had walked to the wooden cha-was very thankful for my attention and pel, which had been erected on the ice advice. My dear partner then came of the ditch that encloses the admi- into his cabin to relieve me, while I ralty: she came afterwards likewise to attended divine service in the afterthe balcony, had the windows opened, cabin, it being the sabbath-day. Durand stood there longer than two hours ing the morning he was perfectly senwithout umbrella, and apparently with-sible, and about half an hour before out any inconvenience, although it his death, he begged Mrs. Cowell to snowed very hard, and the snow lay pray with him; which she did. After two inches high around her feet. The prayer, he said, "Now, Mrs. Cowell, count of Montmorenci, son of the you make a write: tell all my England duke of Laval, has given several proofs friends that Jesus Christ is Mayree of a very singular art, which he pre-friend-Mayree die and go to heatends to have learned from the bishop ven.' After divine service I attended of Nanci: One gives him something in his cabin, and in a few moments he in writing, even the mere address of a expired; leaving this world, I hope, to letter, by a person of whom he knows dwell with Christ his saviour in the nothing at all, and whose name one kingdom of heaven. During his illdoes not tell him: he asks only whe-ness on board the ship, he expectorather it is the writing of a male or fe- ted very little. I was desirous to as 545 New South Wales.-Compressibility of Water. certain the nature of his disorder, and cause of his death. I therefore requested the surgeon to open the body; which he kindly did. On opening it, the surgeon found the right lobe of the lungs decayed, and the heart very much enlarged. It was this gentleman's opinion, that the enlargement of his heart was the cause of his death." Mayree learned to write while he continued in England, which was only about six months. The following is a copy of a short Letter he sent to a friend, a day or two before the ship sailed."To my friends, "All very kind-Mr. Cowell very kind-Mrs. Cowell very kind indeed. Little John very good; Mayree very sorry; me too much cry. Mr. Cowell make a preach last night, and go to bed and no cry. Mr. Cowell come this morning, and say, Mayree, how be you? Mayree say, Very well, and no cry. Mayree make a write to Mrs. Cowell's brother. Poor Mayree much like John-he make a pray for me. Good by me. See you no more. "MAYREE." 546 I trust we shall have a fruitful harvestI am happy to inform you, that our congregations, Sunday schools, and societies, are on the increase. Mr. Lowry will give you a particular account of the work of God in this place. "Last month there were twelve men under sentence of death. Mr. and Mrs. Carvosso visited them, and gave them bibles and tracts; but when the priest went to see the six which were Roman Catholics, he took the bibles and tracts, and threw them out of the cell, and said, if they read such books he would not hear their confessions. Three of the other went to the Dervent to suffer. We have no hopes of their salvation: but the three who suffered here, we have reason to believe, repented and found mercy. The morning in which they suffered, they went into every cell, and exhorted the people to repent, and believe in Christ. At the place of execution, each man delivered a very affecting speech, and begged the thousands who surrounded them, to attend to the missionaries, to whom they owed under God the salvation of their souls. After they had sung a verse of a hymn, the drop fell, and they were launched into eternity.' "Six weeks after you sailed, two Romish priests arrived, with the sanction of government. They have large congregations, and are going to build a chapel. They meet in the courtroom. May 19, Mr. and Mrs. Carvosso arrived, and were sorry that affliction had compelled you to leave the colony before they came. Mrs. Carvosso is a person of deep piety, and much devoted to the mission work. They are gone to Windsor to live. We are sorry for it; but as they are willing to be any where or any thing, if the Lord will bless their labours, we did not think it our duty to interfere. They are much loved and respected. 66 May 28, a meeting was held in our chapel for the formation of a Bible Association. July 5, a meeting was held for the formation of a Wesleyan Missionary Society. Surely these are the beginning of good days. The seed which you have sown is growing up: ON THE COMPRESSIBILITY OF WATER. IN the first volume of the Imperial Magazine, col. 1009, an article appeared, describing various experiments on the pressure of the ocean. Similar experiments have since been made, by Mr. Jacob Perkin, on his passage from America to this country, and published in the last number of the Philosophical Transactions, in a paper entitled the "Compressibility of Water." This article has been handed to us by a correspondent who calls himself Selector. "A strong empty porter bottle was sunk to the depth of 150 fathoms, having first lightly corked and sealed it in the following manner. Six coverings of cotton cloth, saturated with a composition of sealing wax and tar, were strongly fastened over the cork by a cord wound round them, directly under the projection at the neck of the bottle. After the bottle had been suffered to remain at the depth above mentioned a few ninutes, it was drawn up. No water was found to have been forced into ** 547 Compressibility of Water.-Mutual Affection. 548 neither was there any visible change | expansion of the water, upon being at the mouth. "The same bottle was again sunk at the increased depth of 220 fathoms: when drawn in, it was found to contain about a gill of water, but not the slightest visible change had taken place in the sealing. 66 drawn towards the surface, as was the case in the former experiment. It is worthy of remark, that when the water from this bottle was poured into a tumbler, it effervesced like mineral water. "Experiment 5. In this experiment two strong bottles were sunk to the depth of 500 fathoms; one of them was stopped with a ground glass stopper, and well cemented, then placed in a strong canvass bag: when the bag was drawn in, it was found that the bottle had been crushed into many thousand pieces. The other bottle was very tightly corked, but not having been left down a sufficient length of time, it came up whole, filled to within one and a half inch: the cork had been driven in and remained so; but the cementation was unaltered, excepting at the surface, where it had become a little concave." The same bottle was now sunk, for the third time, to the still greater depth of 300 fathoms; and when drawn up, only a small part of the neck was found attached to the line. Its appearance was truly interesting. The bottle was not broken by external pressure, but evidently by the expansion of the condensed sea-water, which had found its way through the sealing. Upon examination, it was found the cork had been compressed into half its length, making folds of about one-eighth of an inch; and that the coverings, consisting of six layers of cloth and cement, had been torn up on one side before the bottle burst. The effect produced upon the cork cannot, we imagine, be accounted for but in one way, viz. that the water, divided into very minute particles, must, by the surrounding pressure of the water, have been forced through the coverings, and filled the bottle; that the water thus forced in, and con- MR. EDITOR. densed to a great degree, expanded SIR,-With your permission, I again as the pressure was removed by draw-intrude on the notice of your readers, ing towards the surface, not only so for the purpose of defending that as to press the cork back into the which I have asserted in "An Answer neck, and, owing to the resistance of to a Query on Mutual Affections," the coverings, compress it half its from the criticism of a correspondent size, but to separate the neck from signing M. number 27. col. 462. the body of the bottle. "Experiment 4. An empty porter bottle, the shortest that could be found, was stopped in the following manner. A cork with a large head was firmly driven into the neck; it was then covered with six layers of fine linen, saturated with a composition of tar and wax, over them was applied a covering of leather, and all perfectly secured by being well bound at the neck. The bottle thus prepared was sunk 270 fathoms. When drawn in, it was found perfectly sound, and the sealing unchanged; but filled with water to within an inch of the cork. The coverings were taken off, layer after layer, but no signs of moisture were visible. Had the bottle remained down a sufficient length of time to have completely filled, it would undoubtedly have been broken by the ON MUTUAL AFFECTION. "Of the emotions of pure spirits we may form conjectures; but we can speak with cer"tainty, and scientifically, of those only "which are known to us by experience." BEATTIE. I am accused by him, not only of asserting improbabilities in the abovementioned answer, but of implying an absolute contradiction in one part, to a proposition which I have endeavoured to substantiate in another.I now request the candid and impartial reader to be my judge; should he also consider my opinion as a mass of absurdity, I must rest content, though every feeling of contempt should be roused against the ignorance which prompted me to a defence of a train of inconsistencies. M. after a recital of my remarks, (number 26. col. 350.) adds ;—“ Such an opinion, I am persuaded, will, upon investigation, be as absolutely refuted as decidedly insisted upon," meaning (as I should suppose) to say, that after excluding mutual affection from eternity, I contradictorily assert, as 549 Mutual Affection.- Education. 550 my opinion, that the joys of futurity | mental perception is evident; yet my argument is in no danger of suffering by it. He says, “If individual affection merges for ever after death, all perception must die with it." I answer, Certainly it must: instead, how ever, of consigning the noble faculty of perception to the shades of oblivion, I would rather consider it as the embryo of that exalted perception, which, when eternity shall burst upon our view, will enable us to perceive amidst the myriads of the blest, no spirit that will not be equally entitled to our heavenly love—that perception which will prove to us we have but one Father, which is in heaven;" which will prove all those to be our brethren, who, during their trial here, "with the spirit of understanding, heard the word of God and kept it." will have an intimate dependence on it. That my concise remarks will admit of a construction being put on them, sufficiently different to obviate the objections he has raised, it is my intention in the next place to prove; in order to which it will be necessary for me to return to the words of our querist, (number 23. col. 100.) which inquire; whether it be probable, that mutual affections particularly established between kindred spirits in time, will be perpetuated in eternity?" It is almost unnecessary for me to remark, that affections established in time, must be the affections of time; the affections mentioned in the query, are the affections of time, and I cannot reconcile the idea of their being the affections of eternity. In my answer, I assert, that "mutual affections, and the kindred affinity of spirits, are mere relative modes," &c. "consistent only with time:" and conclude by saying, that," that affection therefore which subsisted in time, will not be perpetuated in eternity." It is evident, that my meaning is not to exclude all mutual affections from immortality, but only those established in time; for of the affections to which I have denied an existence hereafter, I have given a definition, and have asserted with what they are consistent; but can this definition, and this assertion of consistency, apply to "an infinitely enlarged system of reciprocal love," or mutual affection? Surely not; though I may be able to circumscribe the bounds of a temporary affection; the like task, when such an affection shall have been infinitely enlarged, would defy every effort of human intellect, and finite reason. Infinity cannot be conceived; how then can it be defined? I consider a contradictory argument to consist in the assertion and denial of the same thing. Mutual affection, and "an infinitely enlarged system of reciprocal love," are not synonymous terms. Consequently, though the same argument should contain a denial of the one, and equally insist on the existence of the other, no contradiction could possibly be implied. This dissipated mist is the unsubstantial foundation, upon which your correspondent M. has raised the structure of his reason. The justice of his observation on 66 And now, after apologizing for the trespass which I have committed on those pages which are ever wont to be better adorned; and expressing my determination to controvert no longer a subject which must inevitably terminate in mere conjecture, I shall conclude, with the most perfect good-will towards your correspondent M. this feeble effort of my pen; presuming, however, to add, that what I have advanced is my firm opinion; and, until arguments be adduced, as far superior in force to those which have already appeared against me, as the blaze of day is superior to the taper flame of night, I shall consider such opinion consistent with the justice of the Deity; capable of silencing the cavils of the pedant: and I shall look forward to the consummation of things, as the period when angels will attest it with their lips, as the rising blest, reclining on the ambient air, enter the mansions of eternal joy. May 6th, 1821, Priestgate, ON EDUCATION. T. R. THERE are few subjects upon which more treatises have been written than on Education, and to some of which the greatest deference is due; but yet when I consider the great importance of education, I think it will be a sufficient apology for my offering a few thoughts upon that interesting subject. The persons to whom I particularly address myself, are those who we m 551 Education.-Church of St. Botolph. 552 suppose are capable of affording what | rose to great eminence, and became is called a liberal education. Education is the improving and cultivating of our minds, and the polishing and refining of our manners by learning. I do not pretend to give a routine of studies. I leave this to some more competent head; but the following studies I think I may safely recommend as steps towards the Temple of Knowledge. Nothing is more practically useful than English Grammar; for without it we can neither speak nor write our own language with any degree of propriety. I have known a public speaker, from being ignorant of this, however original his ideas might have been, or what argument soever he might have used to support his ideas, who was scarcely noticed by the intelligent part of his congregation; and the good which might otherwise have been very extensive, was confined within a very narrow compass.-Next to this I may recommend Geography, which is necessary both in private and active life. A knowledge of the Classics, at least Latin, if not Greek. Though these are not absolutely necessary, they improve and strengthen the mind; and as this is of importance, I strongly recommend the study of them to every one who wishes to acquire a liberal education. A thorough acquaintance both with ancient and modern History, I deem indispensable; for here we have not only the simple history of the actions of men, but all their different passions delineated; in short, we have man copied; and it will enable us to form our own judgments upon the different transactions of our own time. To be well acquainted with these things will certainly require some trouble and pains, but by plentifully implanting in our minds the seeds of knowledge, what an ample harvest shall we reap! It will qualify us to fill any station in life in which we may be placed; it will enable us to become valuable members of society, and to enjoy all the pleasures and happiness of a rational and cultivated mind. | 66 of importance to his country: Stultus MR. EDITOR. SIR,-By the request of 36 Housekeepers of Bishopsgate parish, I send you an account of the parish church. I should be much obliged to you to place it in the Imperial Magazine as soon as convenient; the above being subscribers to this work. I am, &c. April 14, 1821. I. BURGESS. A. M. Account of the Parish Church of Saint The church of St. Botolph, Bishops- The An act being obtained for this purpose the following year, the present handsome structure was erected, from a design by Mr. J. Gold, and it was consecrated in the year 1728. body of the church is of red brick upon a stone basement, and is strengthened and ornamented with stone coignes, cornices, and window frames. The interior is handsome and well ar ranged; the roof is supported by pillars, which rise from the floor, and sustain the gallery. Contrary to the old absurd rule, of placing the steeple at the west end of the church, however disadvantageously from the situSapiens and Stultus were brothers, ation of the building, that ornament -apparently with the same advan-rises at the east end of the church, tages. Sapiens applied himself to which is next the street, and here it learning, and well improved every is seen in a very favourable point of moment of his time: Stultus wasted view. The church has a stone frontis a pedi |