States, are reserved to the States, respectively, or to the
people. Amendments....

The powers not delegated are retained, notes 89, 269,
p. 107.
RESERVING to the States. Congress shall have power to provide
for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and
governing such part as may be in the service of the United
States, reserving to the States the appointment of the
officers, and the authority of training the militia according
to the discipline prescribed by Congress...

(See Militia.)

RESIDENCE of fourteen years within the United States requisite in
eligibility of a person to the office of President or Vice-
President of the United States...

RESIGNATION. Vacancies by resignation of senators may be filled
by the executive of a State in recess of legislature...
The seat is vacated, before notice that the resignation is
accepted, n. 32.
RESIGNATION. In case of the resignation of the President, the
office shall devolve on the Vice-President, &c...
RESOLUTION. Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the con-
currence of the Senate and House of Representatives may
be necessary (except on a question of adjournment), shall
be presented to the President of the United States, and,
before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by
him; or, being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by
two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives,
according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the
case of a bill. (See Bills.)

When a resolution becomes a law, joint and concurrent,
n. 70. A joint, submitting the 14th amendment, n. 276,
p. 276.
RETAINED rights. The enumeration, in the Constitution, of cer-
tain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage
others retained by the people. Amendments..
RETURNED. Bills, resolutions, &c., not approved, to be returned
by the President to the house in which they originated..
RETURNED. Bills, resolutions, &c., not returned within ten days,
Sundays excepted, to become laws unless Congress ad-
journ

The President must have ten entire days, n. 69.
RETURNS. Each house shall be the judge of the elections, re-
turns, and qualifications of its own members
Returns defined, n. 46.

27, 91

REVENUE. No preference shall be given, by any regulation of commerce or revenue, to the ports of one State over those of another..

RHODE ISLAND. Signed the Declaration of Independence, p. 7. One of the Confederation, p. 9. Signed the articles thereof p. 21. Rule of suffrage, n. 17.

RHODE ISLAND and Providence Plantations. Entitled to one representative in first Congress

Two by the census of 1860, n. 24. Assigned to first judicial circuit. n. 197. Ratified the thirteenth constitutional amendment, p. 274; and the fourteenth, n. 275.

RIGHT. The habeas corpus is a writ of, n. 141.

RIGHT of Congress. Because of the thirteenth amendment, to

pass the civil rights law, n. 274, p. 273.

RIGHT of conscience. (See Religion.)

RIGHT of the people. Congress shall make no law abridging the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the governinent for a redress of grievances.

ments....

The people used in the broadest sense, n. 248.

Amend

RIGHT of the people. A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.

ments..

AmendRIGHT of the people. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. Amendments.

RIGHT of. (See Life-Liberty-Property.)
RIGHT of evidence and defense in criminal prosecutions. (See
Criminal.)

RIGHT of trial by jury. In suits at common law, where the value
in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of
trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a
jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the
United States, than according to the rules of common
law. Amendments....

RIGHTS. When acquired under existing law there is no power to
take them away, n. 257, p. 260. The great absolute, of
property, n. 258. The commanders of military districts
to protect the rights of persons and property, n. 276,
p. 282, § 3.

RIGHTS. Exclusive rights to writings and discoveries may be se-
cured to their authors and inventors for a limited time...
(See Authors and Inventors, notes 107, 108.)
RIGHTS of domestic security. No soldier shall, in time of peace,
be quartered in any house without the consent of the
owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be pre-
scribed by law. Amendments....

RIGHTS. The enumeration, in the Constitution, of certain rights,
shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained
by the people. Amendments..

These certain rights defined, n. 268.

.........

RIGHTS. A naturalized citizen possesses all the, of a native citizen, n. 93. And this right of naturalization was accorded to Congress, Id. The right of the naturalized citizen takes effect from birth, n. 274, p. 276. The rights of owners of slaves after emancipation, n. 274, pp. 277, 275, ROADS. Congress shall have power to establish post-offices and post-roads

(See Post-offices and Post-roads, notes 104-106.) Postroads defined, n. 106. The number of miles of, n. 105. ROBERDEAU, DANIEL, of Pennsylvania. Signed Articles of Confederation, p. 21.

RODNEY CESAR, of Delaware. Signed the Declaration of Independence, p. 7.

Ross, GEORGE, of Pennsylvania. Signed Declaration of Inde

pendence, p. 7.

Ross, JAMES. Presiding officer of the Senate, n. 38, p. 78.

RULE.

An uniform rule of naturalization

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4

28, 112

RULES of proceedings. Each house of Congress may determine the rules of its proceedings..

RULES concerning captures. Congress shall have power to make rules concerning captures on land and water

This power existed in the Congress of the Confederation, Art. IX. p. 14.

RULES and articles of war. Congress shall have power to make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces...

RULES of the common law. No fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law. Amend

ments..

(See Common Law.)

RUNAWAY slaves, or persons held to service or labor, and fugi-
tives from justice, shall be delivered up, &c... . . . . . . . . .
(See Fugitive, notes 223, 224, 225.)

RUSH, BENJAMIN, of Pennsylvania.

Independence, p. 7.

Signed the Declaration of

RUTLEDGE, EDWARD, of South Carolina.

Independence, p. 8.

Signed Declaration of

RUTLEDGE, JOHN. Chief-Justice and Associate Justice of the
Supreme Court, n. 197, pp. 192, 193.

SCIENCE and useful arts. Congress shall have power to promoto
the progress of science and useful arts, by securing, for
limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive
right to their respective writings and discoveries

Science defined and distinguished from art, n. 107, p. 122. Science teaches us to know, art to do, n. 107, p. 122. SCUDDER, NATHANIEL, of New Jersey. Signed the Articles of Confederation, p. 21.

SEARCHES and seizures. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated, and no warrant shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. Amendments..

Searches are always unreasonable when without auhority of law, n. 251.

SEAT of government. Neither house, during the session of Con-
gress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for
more than three days, nor to any other place than that in
which the two houses shall be sitting.

SEAT of government. Congress shall have power to exercise ex-
clusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such dis-
trict (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession
of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, be-
come the seat of the government of the United States,
and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by
consent of the legislature of the State in which the same
shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals,
dock-yards, and other needful buildings.
(See District of Columbia,)

SEAT of government of the United States. The list of electoral
votes for President and Vice-President shall be transmit.
ted, sealed, to the seat of the government of the United
States, directed to the president of the Senate. Amend-
ments

SEATS of Senators. Terms at which the seats of the several
classes of senators shall be vacated.
SECESSION and nullification had the same poisonous root, Pref. p. vii.
SECRECY. Each house of Congress shall keep a journal of its pro-
ceedings, and from time to time publish the saine,
excepting such parts as may in their judgment require
secresy

SECRETARIES of different departments constituting cabinet of the
President, n. 176.

SECRETARIES of War, of the Treasury, of the Interior, &c.,
hold their offices how long, n. 184, p. 179, § 1.

SECRETARY of State.. Proclamation about thirteenth constitutional amendment, n. 274. Action of, on fourteenth amendment and views in regard to same, n. 275.

SECRETARY of the Treasury. Report of public debt, n. 78. SECRETARY of the Senate, at the close of each session to deliver to the Secretary of the Treasury, &c, a full list of the persons nominated and rejected, n. 184. p. 180, § 7.

SECRETARY of the Treasury. Report of, on the national debt, n. 78, p. 99. Holds his office during the Presidential term, n. 184, p. 179, §1. Secretary of the Senate to report to the Secre tary of the Treasury a list of officers, n. 184, p. 180, § 7.

President to notify the Secretary of the Treasury of desig-
nations, &c., Id. p. 181, § 8.

SECURE the blessings of liberty.

The Constitution established

to secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our pos-
terity, &c. Preamble.

What liberty was intended to be secured, n. 12. How
it was attained, Id.

SECURE. The right of the people to be secure in their persons,
houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches
and seizures, shall not be violated. Amendments...
(See Houses, Searches.)

SECURITIES. Congress shall have power to provide for the punish-
ment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of
the United States

SECURITY of a free State. A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. Amend

ments

(See Militia.)

SEDGWICK, THEODORE. Speaker of the House of Reps, n. 26.
SEIZURES. The right of the people to be secure against un-
reasonable seizures shall not be violated. (See Searches.)
Amendments

SENATE.

Searches and seizures are always unreasonable when not authorized by law, n. 257.

It is intended to be a permanent body with perpetual existence, n. 31. How it might come to an end, Id. SENATE and House of Representatives. The Congress of the United States shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives

The Senate ought to be first defined, n. 15.

SENATE and House of Representatives. (See Congress.)
SENATE. The Senate shall be composed of two senators from
each State, chosen by the legislature for six years, and
each senator shall have one vote

The subject considered, n. 28.

The decisions on

elections, n. 29. The law for electing, n. 30.

SENATE. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided

List of Vice-Presidents, n. 37.

SENATE. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a
President pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice-
President, or when he shall exercise the office of presi-
dent of the United States...

SENATE.

List of Presidents, pro tempore, n. 3S.
The Senate shall have the sole power to try all im-
peachments; when sitting for that purpose they shall be
on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United
States is tried, the Chief-Justice shall preside; and no
person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-
thirds of the members present.

(See Impeachment, notes 39, 40, 194.)
SENATE. The judgment of the Senate, in cases of impeachment,
shall not extend further than to removal from office, and
disqualification to hold and enjoy an office of honor, trust,
or profit under the United States, but the party convicted
shall, nevertheless, be liable and subject to indictment,
trial, judgment and punishment, according to law...
SENATE of the United States. The Senate shall be the judge of
the elections, returns, and qualifications of its own
members; a majority shall constitute a quorum to do
business, but a smaller number may adjourn from day
to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of
absent members, in such manner, and under such penal-
ties, as that house may provide..

(See Qualifications, n. 46.)

SENATE. The Senate may determine the rules of its proceedings,

punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member.. SENATE. The Senate shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members, on any question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal SENATE. The Senate shall not, during the session of Congress, without the consent of the House of Representatives, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting....

SENATE.

All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose, or concur with, amendments, as on other bills. (See Bills.).... SENATE. Every bill, order, resolution and vote (except on a question of adjournment), originating in either house of Congress, shall be presented to the President of the United States...

SENATE.

(For proceedings, see Bill-Resolution.)

Action of Senate on bills, resolutions, orders, and votes. (See Bills, &c.)

SENATE. The President shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided twothirds of the senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law. But the Congress may, by law, vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper, in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments

(See President,)

SENATE. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session

See the subject discussed, n. 185. The law upon the subject, n. 184

SENATE. The President may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both houses of Congress, or either of them.. SENATE. No State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate..

SENATE.

40, 246

The lists of votes of electors of President and Vice-
President shall be directed to the president of the Senate.
Amendments..

SENATE. The president of the Senate shall, in presence of the
Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certifi-
cates of the electors of President and Vice-President of
the United States. Amendments

46, 164

SENATE. If no person have a majority of the electoral votes as
Vice-President, then, from the two highest numbers on
the list the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a
quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the
whole number of senators, and a majority of the whole
number shall be necessary to a choice. Amendments.... 12
Each senator shall have one vote..

SENATOR.
SENATOR. No person shall be a senator who shall not have
attained the age of 30 years-been nine years a citizen of
the United States, and, when elected, an inhabitant of the
State for which he shall be chosen

SENATOR or representative. No senator or representative shall,
during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to
any civil office under the authority of the United States,
which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof
shall have been increased during such time; and no per-

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47, 166 24, 74

24, 77