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cellorsville and Gettysburg. In the summer of 1864 he commanded the southeastern forces when the capital was threatened by Early. In 1865 he was brevetted brigadier and major-general in the regular army for his services during the war. remained in active service until 1873. His published works are Reminiscences of Forts Sumter and Moultrie (1876); Chancellorsville and Gettysburg (1882); Gettysburg Made Plain (1888). He died at Mendham, New Jersey, Jan. 26, 1893.

DOUBLE STARS. See ASTRONOMY, Vol. II, p. 818.

DOUBLE-SHOTTING, an augmentation of the destructive power of ordnance, by doubling the shot fired off at one time from a gun. Sometimes three shots are fired at once, in which case the piece is said to be "treble-shotted.

DOUBLING GAP SPRINGS, a health-resort of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, central southern Pennsylvania, 30 miles W. of Harrisburg. Many chronic diseases are cured by the use of water from these springs. Some of the springs are saline-sulphuric, and others are carbonated saline chalybeate.

DOUBLING THE CUBE, a celebrated geometrical problem among the ancients. The object was to find the side of a cube whose contents should be twice that of another given cube;, and various accounts are given of how the problem was suggested.

DOUBLOON, a Spanish coin, originally equal in value to a double pistole, from which fact it took its name. From 1730 to 1772 the value of the double pistole was equivalent to $8.24; from 1772 to 1786, $8.08; and from 1786 to 1848 to $7.87. The current Spanish doubloon of Isabella II, of 1848, is of the value of 100 reals and is worth a little more than $5.02, which value it retained until 1868. The coinage of doubloons has ceased in Spain.

DOUCET, CHARLES CANILLE, a French dramatic author; born in Paris, May 16, 1812; studied law and practiced as a notary. He soon began to devote himself to dramatic composition, and produced, in collaboration with Antoine Bayard, in 1838, the vaudeville Léonce. He wrote a number of plays, which were published in 1858, under the title Comédies en Vers, and which were produced at the Théâtre Français. They included Un Jeune Homme; L'Avocat de sa Cause; Ennemis de la Maison; and Le Fruit Défendu. He produced, also, many other works, both of a poetical and dramatic nature, such as La Considération, a drama in four acts (1860); Le Chant du Cygne and Le Juin, 1606, both in verse. In 1853 he became divisional chief of theaters, and had in this capacity the supreme charge of the Paris theaters as well as those in the departments. In 1865 he was elected a member of the Academy and, 11 years later, became its permanent secretary. He was elected several times as member of the council-general of the Yonne for the district ot VilleNeuve l'Archevêque, and in 1891 was promoted to be grand officer of the Legion of Honor. died April 1, 1895.

He

DOUCET, HENRY LUCIEN, a French artist; born in Paris, August 23, 1856; entered the School of Fine Arts in 1874; and was a pupil of Lefebvre and of Boulanger. He obtained the Grand Prix de Rome in 1880, and made his début at the Salon in 1877 with Adam and Eve; afterward producing a great number of works and portrait designs. His Mme. Galli-Marie of the Opera Comique, was a remarkably striking portrait. Among his other works are Atala (1878); Après le Bal (1888); and Figure Nue (1890); Portraits de Mes Parents (1891). He obtained a gold medal at the exposition of 1889; and received the decoration of the Legion of Honor in 1891.

DOUGHERTY, DANIEL, an American political orator, the son of a poor Irishman; born in Philadelphia, Oct. 15, 1826; admitted to the bar in 1849, and made many notable political speeches. in support of Democracy. He joined the Republican party during the War, his speeches in advocacy of Lincoln's candidacy being notable, but subsequently returned to the Democrats and nominated General Hancock in 1880, and Cleveland in 1888. He gained the soubriquet of the "silver-tongued orator," and was very popular on the lecture platform, his best-known efforts being The Stage; Orators and Oratory; and American Politics. His greatest public effort is regarded to have been his address at Baltimore, Nov. 11, 1889, at the opening of the Roman Catholic Lay Congress. He died Sept. 5, 1892.

DOUGLAS, ARCHIBALD, EARL OF ANGUS. See SCOTLAND, Vol. VII, pp. 495 et seq.

DOUGLAS, GEORGE CUNNINGHAME MONTEATH, a Scottish divine; born March 2, 1826, at Kilbarchan, Renfrewshire; educated at the University of Glasgow, and at the Free Church New College, Edinburgh; was minister at Bridge. of Weir, in his native county, and became professor of Hebrew and Old Testament exegesis, and later principal in the Free Church College, Glasgow. He published Why I Still Believe that Moses Wrote Deuteronomy (1878); The Book of Judges (1881); The Book of Joshua (1882); The Six Intermediate Minor Prophets (1890); and A Short Analysis of the Old Testament (1889).

DOUGLAS, SIR HOWARD, an English general, son of Admiral Sir C. Douglas; born at Gosport, in 1776; entered the army when young, and served in Spain and Portugal. He was governor of New Brunswick, Lord High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands, and from 1842 to 1847 he was member of Parliament for Liverpool. In 1851 he became a general. He disapproved of the method of warfare in the Crimea in 1855, declaring that Sebastopol could not be reduced unless by a change in the plan of operations, such as he traced; and his prophecy was verified by the event. Among his works his Naval Gunnery, regarded as a standard authority outside of Britain, was not adopted as such by the British government until thirteen years after its publication. He died Nov. 9, 1861.

DOUGLASS, DAVID BATES, an American engineer; born at Pompton, New York, March 21,

1790; graduated at Yale in 1813; appointed second lieutenant, corps of engineers, United States army, and put in command of sappers and miners at West Point. He took part in the battles of Niagara and Lundy's Lane, and accomplished the repair of Fort Erie in face of the enemy's fire, for which he was promoted first lieutenant and brevetted captain. He resigned from the service in 1831, on his appointment as chief engineer of the Morris Canal Company of New Jersey, in which he introduced the use of inclined planes instead of locks, the construction being completed in 1832. From 1833 until 1836 he was identified closely with the planning and construction of the Croton aqueduct to supply the city of New York with water. He engineered Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn (1838-41); designed the supporting-wall for Brooklyn Heights, and planned the water-works for the same place. His professorial appointments included chairs of civil and military engineering at West Point (1823); of natural philosophy and civil engineering in the University of New York (1832); of mathematics at Hobart College, New York (1848), and he was president of Kenyon College, Ohio (184144). He died at Geneva, New York, Oct. 9, 1849, and was buried in Greenwood Cemetery.

FREDERICK DOUGLASS.

DOUGLASS, FREDERICK, an American orator; born in Tuckahoe, Maryland, in February, 1817; His mother was a mulatto slave, and his father a white man. At the age of nine years he was "hired out" by his master, and became the inmate of a household where he was taught to read and write. In 1832 he was purchased by a Baltimore ship-builder, by whom he at first was employed as waiter on the workmen, and afterward became a ship-calker. In September, 1838, he made his escape from slavery, and went to New Bedford, Massachusetts, and, in course of a year or two, developed considerable ability as a public speaker. On the recommendation of William Lloyd Garrison, the American Antislavery Society engaged him as one of their lecturers, and he soon attracted large audiences to hear his descriptions of slavery. During this time he published Narrative of My Experience in Slavery. In 1845 he published My Bondage and My Freedom, which was republished in 1855, and enlarged in 1881. In 1845 he visited England, where his public addresses were well received. His friends there collected on his behalf about $750, which was sent to his former master wherewith to secure his legal emancipation. In 1846 he was enabled to purchase his freedom in due form of law. Some years later Douglass went to Rochester, New York, where he established two weekly newspapers. In 1870 he published, in Washington, a newspaper, The New National Era, and in

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1871 was appointed secretary of the commission to Santo Domingo. In 1872 he was chosen a Presidential elector from New York, and from 1877 to 1881 officiated as United States marshal for the District of Columbia. Subsequently he was appointed commissioner of deeds for the District of Columbia. He was removed from this office in 1886, and soon afterward visited England. He married a white woman in 1884. In 1889 President Harrison appointed him minister to Haiti. In 1892 the Haitian government appointed him senior commissioner to the Columbian Exposition. He died at Washington, Feb. 20, 1895.

DOUGLASS, SIR JAMES NICHOLAS, an English engineer; born in London, Oct. 16, 1826. He studied civil and mechanical engineering, and, after a regular training for the profession, became, in 1847, assistant engineer to his father, who was the superintending engineer to the Trinity House, the English governmental department having charge of lighthouses, buoys, channels and coast navigation, which at that time was engaged in building a lighthouse on the Bishop Rock, the westernmost of the dangerous rocks of the Scilly Isles. After this work was completed, he was appointed resident engineer in sole charge of the erection of a lighthouse on the chief rock of the dangerous group of the Smalls, off Milford Haven. This work he completed with a saving, in cost, to the government, of $75,000 on the amount of the lowest estimate. In 1862, on the death of the engineer-in-chief to the Trinity House, he was appointed to that office, in the execution of which he carried out many important engineering works; amongst others, the erection of the Wolf, Longships, Great and Little Bass, new Eddystone and Muricoy lighthouses. He effected many improvements in the construction of lanterns and in the mechanism of optical, electrical, oil and gas illuminating apparatus. He was knighted on the completion of the Eddystone lighthouse, in the erection of which he again saved $120,000 to the government. He was elected a member of the institutions of civil engineers, mechanical engineers and electrical engineers, and in 1887 was elected a fellow of the Royal Society.

DOURO RIVER. See SPAIN, Vol. XXII, p. 295.

UROUCOULI OR DURUKULI, the name of a small South American monkey of the genus Nyctipithecus. It is nocturnal in its habits.

DOVE. In Christian art the dove is employed as an emblem of the Holy Ghost, no doubt from the fact of this being the form in which the Spirit. descended upon Jesus at his baptism. From the dove being used to symbolize purity, it generally is represented white, with its beak and claws red, as they occur in nature. In the older pictures a golden nimbus surrounds its head, the nimbus frequently being divided by a cross, either red or black. In stained-glass windows we see the dove with seven rays proceeding from it, terminating in seven stars, significative of the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit. Holding an olive branch, the dove

is an emblem of peace. When seen issuing from the lips of dying saints and martyrs, it represents the human soul.

DOVÉ, HEINRICH WILHELM, a German physicist; born at Liegnitz, Oct. 6, 1803. In 1828 he became assistant professor of natural philosophy at Köningsberg, and in 1829 at Berlin. He was made full professor in the latter university in 1845, and elected a member of the Royal Academy of Sciences. He applied the stereoscope to the detection of forged bank-notes. Among his many works, the two best known, outside of Germany, are his Distribution of Heat on the Surface of the Globe, published by the British Association in 1853; and The Law of Storms (1874). He died He died April 4, 1879. See ACOUSTICS, Vol. I, p. 109. DOVÉ, RICHARD WILHELM, a German jurist, son of the above; born in Berlin, Feb. 27, 1833. He became privat-docent of the University of Berlin in 1859, professor of the University of Tübingen in 1862, and was elected as a National Liberal to the German Reichsrath in 1871. 1860 he began the publication of the Zeitschrift für Kirchenrecht, a leading periodical in Europe on all questions of church law.

In

DOVEKIE OR SEA-DOVE. See GUILLEMOT, Vol. XI, p. 263.

DOVER, the capital of Delaware and capital of Kent County, situated five miles W. of Delaware Bay. It contains a state house, seven churches, newspaper offices, several educational institutions, two banks, a flour-mill, several fruit-packing and evaporating houses, a glass factory, a foundry, sash and fruit-crate factory, a carriage manufactory, gas-works and a Mount Holly system of water-works. The city is the center of an extensive fruit-growing region. Population 1890, | 3,061.

DOVER, a city of southeastern New Hampshire, and capital of Strafford County. Dover is the oldest town in the state, having been settled in 1623. It is abundantly supplied with waterpower from the Cocheco River, which has here a direct fall of 32 feet. The site of the city is hilly or uneven, and many of the streets cross each other obliquely. Population 1890, 12,790. See DOVER, Vol. VII, p. 381.

DOVER, a town and the capital of Piscataquis County, north-central Maine, on the Piscataquis River, and the Bangor and Aroostook railroad, 65 miles N.N. E. of Augusta, in a farming district. It manufactures woolens, pianos and organs, furniture and spools. Population 1890, 1,942.

DOVER, a town of Morris County, central northern New Jersey, on the Rockaway River and Morris canal, and on the New Jersey Central and Delaware, Lackawanna and Western railroads. It manufactures iron, having several forges, foundries, steel-works, rolling-mills and a car factory. Population 1895, 5,021.

DOVER, a village and the capital of Stewart County, western Tennessee, on the Cumberland River, one mile E. of Fort Donelson. It is in a mining region, and has considerable steamboat traffic on the river. A national cemetery is

located a quarter of a mile west of the village. Population 1895, 1, 181.

DOVER'S POWDER, a preparation of powder of ipecacuanha, one dram; opium, in powder, one dram; and sulphate of potash, one ounce. The whole is thoroughly mixed, and the ordinary dose is from five to ten grains. Occasionally, saltpeter is added, as well as camphor. It acts as a sudorific, increasing the proportion of sweat, or sensible perspiration.

DOW, NEAL, an American temperance reformer; born in Portland, Maine, March 20, 1804; educated at the Friends' Academy, New Bedford, Massachusetts. He was elected mayor of Portland in 1851 and re-elected in 1854. re-elected in 1854. Mr. Dow became a champion of prohibition, and it was through his efforts that the Maine liquor law was passed in 1851. He was a member of the state legislature in 1858-59. At the commencement of the Civil War he was appointed colonel of the Thirteenth Maine Volunteers, and accompanied General Butler's expedition to New Orleans. In 1862 he was commissioned a brigadier-general of volunteers, and placed in command of the forts at the mouth of the Mississippi, and later of the district of Florida. Wounded and taken prisoner in the attack on Port Hudson in May, 1863, he was exchanged after eight months' imprisonment, and resigned in the following year. He devoted himself since to the temperance cause in the United States, Canada and Great Britain, and in 1880 was prohibition candidate for President of the United States.

DOWAGIAC, a city of Cass County, southwestern Michigan, So miles W.S. W. of Grand Rapids, on the Dowagiac River, and on the Michigan Central railroad. It has manufactories of stoves, agricultural implements, flour and feed. Population 1895, 3,532.

DOWDEN, EDWARD, an Irish scholar and author; was born in Cork in 1843, and was educated at Queen's College there, and at Trinity College, Dublin. In 1867 he took, by competition, the professorship of oratory at Dublin University, which he exchanged soon after for that of English litera

ture.

He contributed many able articles to the leading magazines, and proved himself a profound Shakespearean scholar. Among his works were Shakespeare: A Study of His Mind and Art (1875), Studies in Literature: 1789–1877 (1878), Southey (1879), in the English Men of Letters Series; and Transcripts and Studies (1888). In 1876 he published a volume of poems, and in 1888 a life of Shelley. He was secretary of the Irish Liberal Union.

DOWER, in the ordinary use of the term, is the estate which a widow takes in the lands or tenements of her husband for the support of herself and children. By the common law the widow was entitled to a life estate in one third of all the real property of which her husband was seised at any time during coverture, and which any issue she might have had could inherit. Dower is said to be inchoate when the conditions of marriage and the seisin of the husband exist, and consum

mate upon the death of the husband. It is not necessary that the husband remain seised of real estate for any particular length of time, as the right of dower attaches instantly upon the seisin of the husband for his own use and benefit, and in order that he may give complete title in a conveyance of the property, it will be necessary that the wife join in the deed. The right of dower in the United States is largely regulated by statute in the various states, and the right is always determined by the laws of the state where the property is situated. In many states the right is now extended to personal property, and in some states the wife, upon the death of her husband, takes an absolute estate in fee-simple in her husband's realty. In many states where the estate which the husband took in his wife's property under the common law, called estate by the curtesy, has been abolished, the right of dower has been extended to the husband in his wife's estate in the same manner as her dower right exists in his estate. The manner in which the right of dower may be defeated or released is generally governed by statute. See also HUSBAND AND WIFE, Vol. XII, pp. 401, 402.

DOWLAIS, a town of Glamorganshire, southeastern Wales, on the Taff, and on the Brecon and Merthyr Tydfil and London and Northwestern railways. It is a suburb of Merthyr Tydfil, and is important for its extensive iron-works. Population, 16,807. See BELLOWs, Vol. III, p. 550.

DOWLAS, a kind of coarse, strong linen, used by working-people for shirts, and manufactured largely at Knaresborough, Yorkshire, England, at Dundee, and at Newburgh and other places in Fifeshire, Scotland.

DOWNIE, DAVID, an American missionary; born at Glasgow, Scotland, July 29, 1838; went to the United States in 1852, and graduated at Phillips Andover Academy in 1865, at Brown University in 1869, and at the Rochester Theological Seminary in 1872. He was sent as a missionary to Nellore, Madras presidency, India, with his wife, by the American Baptist Missionary Union, in 1873. He was very successful in increasing the scope and influence of the mission among the original natives of India, the Telugas, of Dravidian stock. Dr. Downie published a History of the Teluga Mission (1893).

DOWNIEVILLE, a town and the capital of Sierra County, northeastern California, 121 miles N.E. of Sacramento, on the Yuba River, surrounded by high mountains. It is a gold-mining It is a gold-mining and local trade center; in the vicinity are deep gravel hydraulic placer and quartz mines. About 12 miles E.N. E. is a peak called Downieville Butte, 8,800 feet above sea-level. Population

1895, about 800.

DOWNING, ANDREW JACKSON, an American landscape-gardener; born in Newburgh, New York, Oct. 31, 1815. He aided his brother in the nursery established by their father, and determined to be a landscape-gardener. In 1838 he

built a mansion which he considered the true style of a country home, and soon became an authority

ton.

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on the embellishment of country places. In 1850 he visited England and wrote descriptions of its country seats, and on his return in 1851 was appointed to lay out the public grounds at WashingHe was engaged in this work when he sailed from his home in Newburgh in the steamer Henry Clay, which took fire on the Hudson River, New York, and he was drowned in his efforts to save other people, July 28, 1852. Mr. Downing published a Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape-Gardening (1841); Cottage Residences (1842); and Fruits and Fruit Trees of America (1845). He was editor of the Horticulturist, a monthly magazine published in Albany, to which he contributed papers which were collected and issued as Rural Essays (1854).

DOWNINGTOWN, a railroad junction of Chester County, southeastern Pennsylvania, 32 miles W. of Philadelphia; on the Pennsylvania and Philadelphia and Reading railroads. It has a young ladies' academy, the Chester Valley Academy for boys, water-works, a limestone-quarry, and manufactures shoes, carriages, paper, woolen goods, stoves and machinery. Population 1890,

1,920.

DOWNS, THE. See SUSSEX, Vol. XXII, p. 723. DOYLE, SIR FRANCIS HASTINGS CHARLES, an English poet; born at Nunappleton, near Tadcaster, Aug. 22, 1810. He was educated at Eton and Oxford, and took a first class in classics in 1831; and elected a Fellow of All Souls, in 1832. He was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1837, but his devotion to poetry and his innate love of horses and horse-racing were hardly consistent with his success as a barrister. He succeeded his father as second baronet in 1839, and filled for ten years (1867-77) the chair of poetry at Oxford. In 1868 he published his Lectures on Poetry, a second series appearing in 1877; and in 1886 appeared his Reminiscences and Opinions, which revealed its author's genial humor, broad sympathies and liberal culture. He died June 8, 1888.

He

DOYLE, JOHN, a famous English caricaturist; born in Dublin in 1797. He learned his art in the schools of that city, went to London and essayed portrait-painting, exhibiting at the Royal Academy. He found lithography a more lucrative field, and soon won popularity and fame with his series of representations of prominent people. These were signed as the work of "H. B.," and the originals, now deposited in the British Museum, are well known as the "H. B." caricatures. died Jan. 2, 1868. RICHARD DOYLE, his son (the "Dicky" Doyle of Punch) was born in London in 1824. He was still more prominent in art, but more as an illustrator of marked talent than as a caricaturist. His early employment was on the staff of Punch, the familiar and facetious cover of which he designed. signed. He withdrew from the paper in 1850, taking umbrage, as a Catholic, at the attacks upon Cardinal Wiseman and the papacy. Thenceforward his talents as a book-illustrator were persistent and abundant. He illustrated The Newcomes for Thackeray in 1853, but showed greater

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cleverness and a rare delicacy of touch in depicting the fantasies of fairy tales. Hunt's Jar of Honey, Ruskin's King of the Golden River, and Montalba's Fairy Tales of All Nations were interpreted by his facile pencil. He worked cleverly in water-colors, in which he exhibited at the Grosvenor Gallery. He died in London, Dec. 11, 1883, the object of sincere affection of a large circle of literary and artistic friends.

He

HENRY EDWARD DOYLE, his brother, was born in 1827, and was educated for an artist. He soon became interested in art exhibitions. represented Pope Pius IX in his contributions to the London Exhibition of 1862, and was rewarded with the order of knighthood of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1869 he was appointed director of the National Gallery of Ireland, and labored long and with much success to improve the collections of art in that country. He died in County Wicklow, Feb. 19, 1892. DOYLE, ARTHUR "H. B." Doyle, won

A. CONAN DOYLE.

CONAN, the grandson of fame in a kindred art as a

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weaver of popular fiction. Born in Edinburgh in 1859, he studied at Stonyhurst College and in Germany, returning to Edinburgh for a medical course of instruction. In his youth, short stories of his found their way into Chambers's Journal. A trip to the Arctic regions in a whaler preceded his medical graduation, when he spent four miserable months as surgeon on a passenger steamer plying between England and the west coast of Africa. Then for eight years he practiced medicine at Southsea, varying its monotony with his literary work. his Study in Scarlet, written for Beeton's Annual he created his best character, "Sherlock Holmes.' The Firm of Girdlestone (very much on the lines of Charles Reade's Hard Cash), and Micah Clarke (a novel of the western rising under Monmouth) followed, and fell in with popular favor. The White Company, a semi-historical novel similar to Micah Clarke, is esteemed by many as Dr. Doyle's best work. Then he wavered for a while between an oculist's career and the attractions of literature. Books prevailed, and "Sherlock Holmes stalked through his Adventures and Reminiscences, sardonic, but a master of the science of deductive logic. Every boy in England and America dwelt lovingly on these detective stories, and admired. Doyle's mingling of science with detective skill. He drew the bow too far, however, and many of the elders sighed with relief when he killed his much-exploited modern Vidocq. Around the Red Lamp, a collection of medical stories, and The Stark-Munro Letters still showed his bent for medicine and his skill in interweaving its details with his stories. Then he turned to the Napoleonic period and delighted many readers with the exploits of that vieux soldat, Brigadier Gerard. Rod

ney Stone, a story of the Regency, once more approached the field of his former success in historical plots. Dr. Doyle has lectured in America. with considerable success.

DOYLESTOWN, a borough and the capital of Bucks County, southeastern Pennsylvania, 25 miles N. of Philadelphia, on the Philadelphia and Reading railroad. It has two private academies, a public library, gas-works, water-works, and is a pleasant resort for summer visitors. It manufactures spokes and agricultural implements. Population 1890, 2,519.

DOZY, REINHART, a learned German Orientalist; born in 1820, at Leyden. He studied at the university of his native city, and devoted himself especially to Oriental subjects. In 1844 he entered the Manuscripts Library, and in 1850 was appointed professor of history at Leyden. His fame rests chiefly on his valuable works on the history of Spain under the Moorish domination. His Historie des Mussulmans d'Espagne is a brilliant model of what a history should be, in style, arrangement and matter. He died April 29, 1883.

DRAA WADI, RIVER. See AFRICA, Vol. I, p. 253. DRACENA DRACO OR DRAGON TREE. See HORTICULTURE, Vol. XII, p. 266.

DRACHENFELS, a mountain in Rhenish Prussia, on the right bank of the river Rhine, about 8 miles S. E. of Bonn. Its name (Dragon's Rock) is from a legendary dragon which was supposed to inhabit a cave here, and this cave is pointed out now to the traveler. The mountain is of volcanic origin, consisting of lava, trachyte and basalt. It is covered with brushwood nearly to the top, which is crowned with a ruined castle, and whence the view is beautiful. It is celebrated in Byron's Childe Harold's Pilgrimage:

"The castled crag of Drachenfels

Frowns o'er the wide and winding Rhine." DRACHM. See APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT, in these Supplements; and for its symbol see ABBREVIATORY SIGNS, also in these Supplements.

DRACHMA. See GREECE, Vol. XI, p. 89. DRACHMANN, HOLGER HENRIK HERHOLDT, a Danish poet; born at Copenhagen, Oct. 9, 1846. He studied art from 1866 to 1870, and began to paint marine pictures. In 1872 he published a selection of poems and one of sketches, and became a remarkably prolific writer in all departments of imaginative literature, both in prose and verse. Among his poems are Repressed Melodies (1875); Songs by the Sea (1877); Vines and Roses (1879); Youth in Poetry and Song (1879); The Princess and Half the Kingdom and East of the Sun and West of the Moon, both romantic poems, appearing, the former in 1878, and the latter in 1888. Among his longer prose writings are En Overkomplet (1876); and Tannhäuser (1877); and among his shorter writings, Ungt Blod (Young Blood), (1877); and Paa Sömands Tro og Love (On a Sailor's Word), (1878); and a series of sketches, Derovar fra Graendsen (From the Frontier), (1871). Drachmann belongs to the later school of Danish writers, whose aims are to depict character true to the stern realities of life.