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bar of Georgia in 1836, and the same year was an elector on the Van Buren ticket. In 1837 he was appointed solicitor-general of the western circuit of Georgia, and from 1843 to 1851 served by successive re-elections as a Democrat in Congress, becoming Speaker in 1849. He was elected governor of Georgia in 1851, and two years later resumed his law practice. In 1855 he was elected to Congress again, and in 1857 became President Buchanan's Secretary of the Treasury, and as such took advantage of his position to impair the credit of the government. The following year he resigned his office, and became one of the most active advocates of secession. In 1861 he was president of the Confederate Congress and assisted in drafting the Confederate constitution. At the beginning of the Civil War he was appointed brigadier-general in the Confederate army, and subsequently promoted to a major-generalship. He took little part, however, in military movements.

COBB, SYLVANUS, an American Universalist clergyman; born in July, 1799, in Norway, Maine; died Oct. 31, 1866, in East Boston, Massachusetts. From 1828 until 1838 he was engaged in active pastoral work in Waltham and Malden, Massachusetts. From 1838 until 1858 he was the editor of the Christian Freeman. He took a prominent part in the temperance and antislavery movements. A Compend of Divinity; Discussions; and The New Testament with Explanatory Notes (1864), are among his published writings.

COBB, SYLVANUS, an American author, son of the preceding; born in 1823, in Waterville, Maine; died July 20, 1887, in Hyde Park, Massachusetts. He was an active writer and editor. He published The Rechabite and New England Washingtonian. The King's Talisman; Ben-Hamed; and The Patriot Cruiser, are the best known of a number of tales written by him. The Autobiography of Rev. Sylvanus Cobb, with a memoir, was issued in Boston in 1867. His stories in the New York Ledger first attracted attention to that paper.

COBBE, FRANCES POWER, an English writer and leader in reform movements, daughter of Charles

Cobbe, a lieutenant in the Nineteenth Light Dragoons, who fought at Assaye, was born at Newbridge House, County Dublin, Ireland, Dec. 4, 1822; and was educated at Brighton. Miss Cobbe was attracted by the radical Unitarian and rationalistic views of Theodore Parker during the brilliant career of that clergyman in the closing years of his life and labor, and adopted his views in a great measure, so much so that all her writings will be found to be tinged with that minister's views of matters pertaining to the mental and spiritual part of man. A general trend of thought, which took its rise from the writings and public utterances of Theodore Parker, may be discovered running through nearly all her

FRANCES POWER COBBE.

publications, which include the following: An Essay on Intuitive Morals (1855); Religious Duty (1857); Pursuits of Women (1863); Cities of the Past (1863); Broken Lights (1864); Italics (1864); Studies, Ethical and Social (1865); Hours of Work and Play (1867); Drawing Lights (1868); Alone, to the Alone (1871); Darwinism in Morals (1872); Hopes of the Human Race (1874-80); Re-Echoes (1876); False Beasts and True (1875); Duties of Women (1880); The Peak in Darien (1881); A Faithless World (1885); The Scien tific Spirit of the Age (1888); The Modern Rack (1889); The Friend of Man (1890).

In addition to these, Miss Cobbe wrote and issued a great number of less pretentious works in the form of pamphlets, in the interest of various reforms to which she was devoting herself, among which may be mentioned The Workhouse as a Hospital (1861); Friendless Girls, and How to Help Them (1861), which was an account of the original Preventive Mission at Bristol; Female Education (1862), a plea for the granting of university degrees to women; and a large number of pamphlets and leaflets opposed to vivisection, against which practice she was opposed strongly and uttered some of her strongest protests.

To further her work in the line of reform, Miss Cobbe originated a scheme of labor in ragged schools, and afterward a system for befriending young servants, the latter since being worked by the Metropolitan Association, founded for that purpose. She also did much work for the relief of destitute incurables.

Miss Cobbe traveled extensively in Egypt, Palestine, Greece and Italy, and afterward settled down to hard work in London again, and did editorial writing on The Echo and later on The Standard, and afterward contributed largely to The Quarterly Review, Fraser's Magazine, and a number of newspapers and other periodicals. During this time she was engaged in promoting the Aggravated Assaults Act of 1878 whereby wives whose husbands have been convicted of violent assaults upon them are enabled to obtain separation orders.

In 1880-81 she delivered a course of lectures on The Duties of Women, which were published and circulated largely in America as well as Great Britain, and, in addition, have been translated into Danish, French and Italian. In the latter year she founded the Victoria Street Society for the Protection of Animals from Vivisection, of which she was the secretary for 15 years, and the late Lord Shaftesbury was the president.

COBBOLD, THOMAS SPENCER, an English authority on parasitic worms; born at Ipswich, England, in 1828; died March 20, 1886. He studied medicine at Edinburgh and lectured in London on botany, zoology, comparative anatomy, geology and helminthology, in connection with various hospitals and colleges. He wrote Entozoa (1864); Tapeworms (1866); and Parasites (1879); besides numerous other works on kindred subjects.

COBET, CARL GABRIEL, a Dutch philologist; born in 1813, in Paris; died at Leyden, Oct. 26, 1889. In 1847 he became professor of Greek at the University of Leyden and in 1876 was made foreign

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COBLESKILL-COCCULUS INDICUS

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The history of cocaine is a short one, but its strength as a drug and a poison places it in the front rank of drugs as the most deadly. So benign is its influence that few who begin its use suspect its power until the "cocaine habit" is formed and the victim is rapidly becoming a wreck. Its distinctive feature is due to hyperemia of the nerve-centers; but as the effect is transient, reaction sets in with

associate of the French Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-Lettres. Among his principal works are Oratio de Arte Interpretandi, editions of the Greek classics, and writings on the comic poet Plato, and on Dionysius of Halicarnassus and Xenophon. COBLESKILL, a village of Schoharie County, central-eastern New York, on the Delaware and Hudson railroad and on Cobleskill Creek, 45 miles W. of Albany. It contains a variety of manufac-ever-increasing power, until the habit is fully formed, tories. In the near vicinity are extensive quarries of building-stone, and three miles to the east are mineral springs. Population 1890, 1,822.

COB-NUT, a name given to some of the largest and finest cultivated varieties of the hazel-nut. In the West Indies the name is given to the fruit of Omphalea triandra, a tree of the family Euphorbiacea. The tree has a white juice, which turns black in drying, and in Guiana is used instead of ink.

COBOURG, a port of entry and capital of Northumberland County, central Ontario, on Lake Ontario, 69 miles N.E. of Toronto. It contains a Wesleyan university and several woolen-mills, foundries and breweries. It has a good harbor, and steamers ply from here to all prominent lake and river points. Population 1891, 4,829.

COBURG PENINSULA, the most northerly part of Australia, to the west of the Gulf of Carpentaria. It runs out in a northwestern direction toward Melville Island, from which it is divided by Dundas Strait.

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and the victim is in the clutches of a terrible adversary, with very little chance of hope for safety. As a stimulant it is regarded justly as far more powerful, rapid and baneful in its effects than any other known drug.

Beginning with 1885, when crude cocaine was first made in Peru, vast quantities were sent to the United States and to Europe. The advantages of exporting the crude alkaloid rather than the leaves proved many and important. The principal source of supply for the United States is by the way of Hamburg. COCANADA, a seaport and headquarters of Godavari district, Madras, southern India, 315 miles N. of Madras. It exports cotton, oil-seeds, sugar, rice and cigars. Population, 28,856.

COCCEJI, HEINRICH FREIHERR VON, German jurist; born at Bremen in 1644; died in 1719. He studied jurisprudence and philosophy in Leyden, and in 1672 was made professor of the law of nations at Heidelberg, and the following year was appointed to a similar office at Frankfort-on-theOder. His work on German civil law, Juris Publici Prudentia (1695), was almost universally used as an academical text-book for this branch of jurisprudence.

COCCEJI, SAMUEL VON, German jurist, and chancellor of Prussia under Frederick the Great; a son of the preceding; born at Heidelberg in 1679; died in 1755. His code of laws, Codex Fridericianus, was prepared by direction of Frederick and adopted for the kingdom. He died while chancellor.

COCAINE, a vegetable alkaloid (C"H"NO') obtained from the leaves of the coca (or cuca, for which see CUCA, Vol. VI, pp. 684, 685), a small shrub growing in the mountains of Peru and Bolivia, but cultivated, after its wonderful properties became known, in other parts of South America. The principal source of the drug as a commercial product, at the present day, is the province of Yuncas, in Bolivia. The leaves from which the drug is obtained are green, about two inches long, the blossoms white and the berries red. The annual product is estimated at forty million pounds. The leaves, when macerated and treated with pure wine, produce one of the finest stimulants ever tried by persons exhausted by excessive mental work or emotional excitement. Many attempts have been made in times past, by chemists, to extract the medicinal and chemical properties of the plant, but no 'success was reached until within late years, when an alkaloid was isolated which proved a thorough local anesthetic, and to which was given the name cocaine. The drug of commerce forms colorless transparent prisms, is odorless and has a bitter taste. It is only sparingly COCCOSTEUS, a genus of fossil fishes, peculiar soluble in water, but freely soluble in ether, and is to the Devonian measures, of the suborder Placoused as a local anesthetic. As such it has proved dermi, order Ganoidei. About seven species have especially valuable in operations on the more deli- been described. See ICHTHYOLOGY, Vol. XII, p.

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COCCO, COCCOA ROOT OR EDDOES, the corms (underground stems) of plants of the genera Colocasia and Caladium, of the family Araceæ, natives of the West Indies and tropical America. The corm forms the principal food of many of the inhabitants, its taste being very much like that of potatoes.

COCCOMILIA OR COCUMIGLIA (Prunus coccomilia), a species of plum, a native of Calabria, of which the bark-particularly of the root is used in that country for the cure of intermittent fevers.

686.

COCCULUS INDICUS, the very poisonous fruit of Anamirta cocculus, of the tropical family Menispermæcca, a family of climbing plants, rich in bitter and poisonous properties. A. cocculus is a native of the East Indies; the poisonous principle of the fruits (also called "grains of paradise ") is called picrotoxin. It is used largely in medicine, in certain ointments, and sometimes in malt liquors, to

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COCCUS-COCK-FIGHTING

which it gives bitter and intoxicating but very dan- | LORD, AND THOMAS, distinguished naval officers. See gerous properties. See ADULTERATION, Vol. I, p.

172.

COCCUS, a genus of insects of the order Hemiptera, suborder Homoptera, the type of a family, Coccida, allied to the Aphis. They are very numerous, and are attached to particular plants, on the juices of which they feed, often producing much mischief by the flow and loss of sap which their punctures occasion. This family contains some species which are of great value, particularly for the beautiful dyes which they yield. Among them are COCHINEAL (Vol. VI, p. 97) and KERMES (Vol. XIV, p. 49).

COCCYX. See ANATOMY, Vol. I, p. 821. COCHABAMBA, a central department of Bolivia, containing extensive plateaus. The climate is equable and healthful, and its fertile valleys render it the richest and most picturesque district of the republic. It was formerly known as the granary of Peru. Agriculture and cattle-raising are the chief occupations. Area, 26,685 square miles; population, about 355,000. The capital, Cochabamba, has a population variously estimated, as no official census has been taken since 1854, from 15,000 to

40,000.

COCHIN-CHINA, the most southern province of French Indo-China, bordered northeast by the territory of Moïs, northwest by Cambodia, south and east by the Chinese Sea, and by the Gulf of Siam in the west. (See COCHIN-CHINA, Vol. VI, pp. 92-97.) The area is 23,082 square miles, and the population is estimated at (1891) 2,034,453, of whom 3,000 are Europeans, 1,500,000 Annamites, 105,000 Cambodians, 50,000 Chinese, and the remainder Malays and Malabrians. French Cochin-China was incorporated with French Indo-China in 1887, and the whole divided into 21 arrondissements and 4 provinces; viz., Saigon, Vinh-Long, Mytho and Bassac. There are 5,660 French troops in Cochin-China, besides about 2,800 Annamite soldiers. The imports (1892) amounted to 35,546,628 francs, and the exports to 80,706,856 francs, of which 70 per cent was rice. The annual revenue and expenditure are balanced at about 30,000,000 francs. Railroads and telegraph lines have been introduced, especially in the province of Saigon. There were, in 1892, 51 miles of railroad and 1,840 miles of telegraph line.

COCHITUATE LAKE, of Natick township, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, a sheet of water covering 69 acres, is the chief source of the water-supply of Boston. It is about 18 miles W. of Boston. artificial channel connects the lake with Sudbury River.

An

COCHRANE, ALEXANDER DUNDAS ROSS WISHART BAILLIE, a British author; born in November, 1816; died in London, Feb. 15, 1890. He was a member of Parliament in 1841-46, in 1847-52, in 1859-68, and in 1870-80. He succeeded to the peerage as first Baron Lamington in 1880. He was long known to society as Baillie-Cochrane, a writer of poetry, and author of Young Italy. He recently published in Blackwood's Magazine, In the Days of the Dandies.

COCHRANE, ALEXANDER THOMAS, ADMIRAL,

DUNDONALD, Vol. VII, pp. 539 et seq.

COCKBURN, SIR ALEXANDER JAMES EDMUND, an English jurist; born Dec. 24, 1802; died in London, Nov. 20, 1880. He was graduated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, in 1829; was called to the bar and became queen's counsel in 1831. He first attracted public attention by his brilliant pleadings before Parliamentary committees. He was elected to Parliament as a Liberal from Southampton in 1847; was appointed solicitor-general in 1851, retaining the position until 1856; chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas in 1856, and England's Lord Chief Justice in 1859, holding office until his death. He was knighted in 1850, and was the British representative at the "Alabama case arbitration at Geneva in 1871-72. He dissented from the award of the arbitrators for legal reasons, holding that in the case of the Florida and that of the Shenandoah the responsibility of the government had not been proved. As a barrister he conducted many famous cases. He prosecuted Palmer, the Rugeley poisoner, and as a judge presided over the trial of the Wainwright murder case and the trial of Arthur Orton for perjury. His charge in this last occupied twenty days in delivery, and was a model of lucid statement of evidence.

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COCKCHAFER (Melolontha vulgaris). See COLEOPTERA, Vol. VI, pp. 131, 132.

COCKER, a small dog of the spaniel kind, with a thick, wavy coat. It is trained to start game in snipe and woodcock shooting. See Spaniel, under DOG, Vol. VII, p. 328.

COCKERILL, JOHN, an English manufacturer, and one of the greatest influences in commerce; born in Lancashire, England, Aug. 3, 1790; died at Warsaw, June 19, 1840. He was the son of William Cockerill, an inventor and machinist, who, in 1807, settled at Liège, in Belgium. John, with an elder brother, succeeded to his father's business in 1812; established a woolen factory in Berlin in 1815; in 1817 founded the famous works at Seraing, and invested heavily in various enterprises in all parts of Europe. His statue was erected at Seraing in 1871.

COCKERILL, JOHN A., an American journalist; born in Locust Grove, Ohio, in 1845; died at Cairo, Egypt, April 10, 1896. He served in the Union army during the Civil War as a drummer. After the war he engaged in newspaper-work at Dayton, Hamilton and Cincinnati, Ohio; went to the scene of the RussoTurkish war as special correspondent for the Cincinnati Enquirer. Upon his return to America in 1870, he, with Silas Hutchins, started the Washington Post; took the editorship of the St. Louis PostDispatch in 1879; became managing editor of the New York World; in 1891 purchased the Commercial Advertiser; and in 1894 became a member of the editorial staff of the New York Herald. He was on foreign duty for the Herald at the time of his death.

COCK-FIGHTING, a barbarous sport common among both the Greeks and Romans, as it still is common in India, the Malay countries and Spanish America. It flourished for fully six centuries in England, the cockpit at Whitehall having been erected and patronized by royalty. It is now pro

COCKNEY-CODICIL

hibited by statute both in England and the United States. The game-fowl is the favorite breed of fighting-cocks, and much art is displayed in the training of cocks and in trimming and preparing the cock for the combat. Young cocks are called stags, and are considered at their best when two years of age and from 31⁄2 to 41⁄2 pounds in weight. When prepared for battle their natural spurs are usually reinforced by steel spurs from two to three inches in length. Strange to say, cock-fighting was a specially sanctioned sport of some English public schools, the schoolmaster receiving a regular tax from the boys on the occasion, which was on Shrove Tuesday. It was so in the days of King Henry II; and Roger Ascham, in his Schoolmaster (1570), announced his intention, never fulfilled, of writing a Book of the Cock-Pitte, as "a kinde of pastime fitte for a gentleman.”

COCKNEY, originally a child delicately nurtured, and hence applied to the citizens of luxurious towns, as opposed to the hardier inhabitants of the country. Strictly and popularly speaking, the term is applied to such natives of London, England, as are "born within the sound of Bow bells," that is, in the East End of London. These are popularly supposed to be unable to apply the aspirate properly.

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COCK OF THE ROCK, a beautiful SouthAmerican bird of the genus Rupicola and family of chatterers (Cotingida). The bird is orange-yellow in color and has a curious crest on the head. It lives in the interior mountainous regions. It is about the size of a common pigeon.

COCK OF THE WOODS, a species of grouse. See CAPERCALLY, Vol. V, pp. 53, 54.

COCKRAN, WILLIAM BOURKE, an American public man; born Feb. 28, 1854, in Ireland; emigrated to the United States in 1871; taught school for five years in Westchester County, New York, and was admitted to the bar of New York state in 1876. His ability as a lawyer gained for him a place on the New York commission for revising the judiciary clause of the state constitution. He was a leader in Tammany Hall, in national Democratic politics, and was a member from New York in the Fiftieth, Fifty-second and Fifty-third Congresses. His speeches in favor of sound money and against free silver in the Presidential campaign of 1896, were eloquent and forceful efforts.

COCKSCOMB, an annual plant of the family Amarantacea, a native of the East Indies. By gardeners the name is confined to Celosia cristata. It grows with an upright stem, which becomes flattened upward, expands and forms a wavy crest. The colors are various and often very brilliant.

COCKSFOOT-GRASS (Dactylis), a genus of grasses called cock's foot from the dense branches of the one-sided panicles. D. glomerata is a native of Europe, and has been introduced extensively into

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North America and elsewhere. It is valuable for hay, and forms an important part in almost all the best pastures, as it is much relished by cattle. It thrives on most kinds of soil and in situations too shady for many other grasses. It is cultivated extensively in America, where it is known as "orchardgrass."

COCOA-PLUM, the fruit of Chrysobalanus icaco, of the family Rosacea, and native of the West Indies and adjacent United States localities. Its edible, plum-like fruit has suggested the name.

COCOA POWDER. See GUNPOWDERS, in these Supplements.

COCOON, the silken sheath spun by the larvæ of many insects in passing into the pupa, or restingstage. The arrangement of the threads and the completeness of the covering vary widely. The most typical and perfect cocoons are those of many moths, especially those of the silkworm. The delicacy, neatness and labor exhibited by these last make them as marvelous as they are useful. See also BUTTERFLIES, Vol. IV, pp. 594, 596.

COCO RIVER, also called, in parts, Wauks and Segovia, a river of Nicaragua, which rises in western Segovia, in the northern part of the country, and takes a tortuous northeasterly course through the valley formed by the Teluca and the Tompocenté mountains, and enters the Caribbean Sea at Cape Gracias à Dios. It is three hundred miles in length, flows through a narrow valley, and though it receives the waters of many tributaries, it does not carry a body of water at all proportionate to its length.

COCOS ISLANDS. See Keeling Islands, Vol. XIV, p. 26.

CODAZZI, AUGUSTIN, an Italian engineer; born in 1792, in Lugo, Italy; died in Colombia, South America, in June, 1859. He served under Napoleon in the Italian army. He moved to America in 1817 and participated in the Venezuelan revolution; entered the artillery service of Colombia as engineer; for the nine years following 1831 was in the employ of Venezuela; from that time until his death served various South American republics in exploring expeditions and surveys.

COD, CAPE, a peninsula of the coast of Massachusetts. See MASSACHUSETTS, Vol. XV, pp. 611612.

CODEINE, an opium alkaloid obtained from poppy-heads. It is a white crystalline substance, similar to morphin, but much feebler in its action. See OPIUM, Vol. XVII, p. 793.

CODEX, a name applied to ancient manuscripts, especially of the classics or of the Scriptures. Of the latter class the principal are the Codex Sinaiticus, discovered in 1844 and 1859 in the monastery of Mount Sinai by Tischendorf, and the Codex Vaticanus, both of the fourth century; and the Codex Alexandrinus and the Codex Ephraemi of the fifth century. See PALEOGRAPHY, Vol. XVIII, pp. 143,

144.

CODEX ALEXANDRINUS. See ALEXANDRIAN MS., Vol. I, p. 496.

CODICIL, a supplement to a will made for the purpose of altering its terms or making qualifications

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CODLING-MOTH-CŒLIUS

or additions thereto. A codicil must be executed with the same formality as a will, and when properly executed becomes a part of the will. There may be several codicils to the same will, and each codicil operates as a republication of the will and the preceding codicils. A codicil properly executed will serve to rectify a defective execution of the will, if sufficient reference is made in the codicil to clearly identify the will. Unless it be affirmatively shown that the testator intended to have the codicil operate separately from the will, a destruction of the will by the testator will revoke the codicil. See WILL, Vol. XXIV, p. 570.

CODLING-MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella), a small moth which occurs wherever apples are grown. The perfect insect flies at night and deposits its eggs in the young fruit. The larva feeds on the core of the fruit, arresting its growth and causing it to fall prematurely.

CODY, WILLIAM FREDERICK, an American frontiersman and scout, was born in Scott County, Iowa, Feb. 26, 1845. His early years were passed on the frontier in the midst of Indian alarms. During the Civil War he rendered service as a Union scout for several commanders. the construction of the Union Pacific railroad young Cody attached himself to a camp of United States troops protecting the laborers, and won his sobriquet of "Buffalo Bill" by taking a contract to supW. F. CODY. ply the entire force with fresh buffalo-meat for a certain period, killing, under one contract with the Goddard Brothers, 4,280 buffalos. Involved in repeated contests with the Indians, he became a noted frontier character, whose coolness and peaceable disposition were only equaled by his bravery in combat. On one occasion he killed the noted Cheyenne chief, Yellow Hand, in the presence of Indians and troops. He became known to juvenile America in the stories of Western adventure written by E. Z. C. Judson (" Ned Buntline"), and, with the advance of civilization, finding his occupation as a scout gone, Cody took for a while to the stage. He left the boards on the slightest Indian alarm, and on one occasion rode to the front in the gaudy trappings of the sensational drama in which he had been appearing. Associating himself with Nate Saulsbury, and observing with considerable business instinct the rapid extinction of the frontiersman who won the West, Cody collected a band of Indians, cowboys, rough-riders, unbroken bronchos and a small herd of buffalos and commenced a series of exhibitions in the principal towns of the American continent. His "Wild West," as he called it, rapidly grew in popular favor. As recreation for the youth and reminiscence for the elders, he played to huge audiences in almost every town of the Union, and undertook a series of tours through the principal cities of Europe. Here his fame as a scout brought him in

contact with the crowned heads of the world, and his trip well sustained his reputation. At the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 he met with considerable success. At this period one of his associates, John M. Burke (" Arizona John"), published a biography of his leader, under the title of Buf falo Bill, from Prairie to Palace, while at the same time his first employer, the veteran Alexander Majors, also dealt eulogistically with Cody in a book entitled Seventy Years on the Frontier. Eliminating the glare of the footlights and the advertising devices of an aspirant for popular favor, Cody must still be considered as a considerable factor with others in the winning of the West and as a typical instance of the fearless rider of the plains.

COE COLLEGE, an institution of learning, founded at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in 1881, and con ducted under the auspices of the Presbyterian Church. In 1895 there were 12 instructors and 170 students in attendance. The library contains 2,500 volumes. The total productive funds of the institution amount to one hundred thousand dollars. Its income is twelve thousand dollars per annum. Dr. James Marshall, who was president of the college for a long time, died Sept. 11, 1896.

COE, GEORGE S., an American financier; born in Newport, Rhode Island, in March, 1817. He began commercial life as a bank clerk in 1834, and has been engaged in the banking business since that time. In 1855 he became connected with the American Exchange National Bank, and first as vice-president and later as president has had active charge of that institution ever since. In 1858 he was instrumental in organizing the New York clearing-house banks into an association which, by its system of certificates, based upon the best assets of each corporation, carried them safely through the troublous times of the war.

COELESYRIA. See LEBANON, Vol. XIV, pp. 393, 394.

COELHO, FRANCISCO ADOLPHO, Portuguese philologist; born in 1847, at Coimbra; appointed professor of comparative philology at Lisbon, in 1878. His Origem da Lingua Portugueza; Contos Populares Portuguezes; and Bibliotheca d' Educação Nacional, are representative of his work as a philologist, as an editor and as an educator, respectively.

COELHO, GONZALO, one of the Portuguese navigators of the time of Columbus. The first that is recorded of him is that in 1488 he was in command of a vessel which brought one of the Senegambian chiefs to Lisbon as a prisoner. Next, in 1503, he was placed in charge of a fleet of six vessels to find a route to the Moluccas to the south of Santa Cruz, Brazil. He returned from this voyage in 1506. During his absence he explored the coast of South America as far south as Rio Janeiro. The record of these voyages makes up all that is known of his life.

CŒLIUS OR CELIUS ANTIPATER, a Roman historian, the author, of the Annales, which were edited by Brutus. He lived about 123 B.C. The Annales contain an account of the second Punic war, of great value. See also LIVY, Vol. XIV, p. 729.

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