860 COLCHAGUA-COLE faculty in 1895, 260 students and 31,000 volumes in the library. Since the organization, 1,087 students have been graduated. COLCHAGUA, a small province in southern central Chile, bounded by the provinces of O'Higgins on the north and Curicó on the south, and extending from the Andes to the sea. Area, 4,630 square miles; population 1885, 155,687. Its soil is very rich in the valley between the Andes and the Coast Range. Its capital is San Fernando, with 6,959 inhabitants. COLCHESTER, a manufacturing town of New London County, southeastern Connecticut, on the Wood River Branch railroad. Bacon Academy is located here. Paper and India-rubber goods are manufactured. Population 1890, 2,988. COLCHICINE, a powerful alkaloid poison. COLCHICUM, Vol. VI, p. 125. See the Chickahominy. The troops under Sheridan occupied Cold Harbor, May 31st. June 1st, they were joined by forces from Butler's army. An assault on the Confederates was made, which, though partially successful, resulted in a loss of two thousand men to the Union. During the next day the Federal forces were intrenched and placed in position with but little fighting. June 3d an assault was made by the troops on the right flank of the Confederates. But little ground was gained, and seven thousand men were lost. The Federal troops had, however, closed in on the Confederate works and gained positions advantageous for the battles around Petersburg. During the Cold Harbor fighting, the Union loss was almost thirteen thousand, while the Confederate was not over two thousand. COLD-PIT, in gardening, a simple contrivance for the preservation of half-hardy plants through the winter. It consists of a pit about three feet in depth, covered with a frame either thatched or glazed. COLD SPRING, a village of Putnam County, and Hudson River railroad, situated among the Highlands, on the east bank of the Hudson, one mile from West Point. Cannon, brass castings and machinery are manufactured here. COLCOTHAR, a name given by the alchemists to the brownish-red peroxide of iron which remains in the retorts when green vitriol or the sulphate of iron is calcined. See COPPERAS, Vol. VI, p. 352. COLD SPRING, a village of Queens County, COLDEN, CADWALLADER, a Scottish-American New York, situated on Long Island, on an inlet of physician and American colonial governor; born. the sound, on the Long Island railroad, about 30 Feb. 17, 1688, in Dunse, Scotland; died Sept. 28, miles E. of New York City. It contains a very suc1776, on Long Island, New York. After studying cessful artificial hatchery belonging to the United | medicine and mathematics in Europe, he moved to States Fish Commission. It was formerly an importthe United States in 1708 and practiced in Phila- ant whaling-port. Population, about 900. delphia till 1715, when he revisited London. He settled in New York City in 1718, and in the follow-southeastern New York, on the New York Central ing year became surveyor-general of the colony and master in chancery. In 1755 he retired to a tract of land about nine miles from Newburgh, on the Hudson, where he gave his attention to farming and scientific pursuits. He administered the affairs of the province as president of the council in 1760, and in the following year was appointed lieutenantgovernor of New York. He held this position till his death, and was many times at the head of affairs, through the absence or death of the various governors. His royalist sympathies and enforcement of the stamp tax aroused public feeling against him. He was a close student of natural history, and for many years carried on correspondence with Linnæus, to whom he sent many specimens of American flora. His memoirs on plants were published by Linnæus in the Acta Upsaliensia. COLDEN, CADWALLADER DAVID, grandson of the preceding; an American lawyer; born April 4, 1769, in Springhill, Long Island; died Feb. 7, 1834, in Jersey City, New Jersey. In 1818 he was elected mayor of New York City; in 1820 was sent to Congress, and in 1824 to the state senate. He was one of the earliest promoters of improvements in the system of internal communications. He wrote several treatises and memoirs on canals and steamboat use, and published a Life of Robert Fulton (New York, 1817). COLD HARBOR, a location in Hanover County, Virginia, 10 miles N.E. of Richmond. Here, in May and June, 1864, the Confederate and Union armies confronted each other and a series of engagements took place. The fight began June 1st and lasted until the evening of June 3d. General Grant of the Federal army had advanced from Spottsylvania to COLDSTREAM GUARDS, a celebrated regiment of Foot Guards in the Household Brigade of the British army, its organization dating from an earlier period than that of any other regiment excepting the First Foot. Raised in 1660 by General Monk at Coldstream, at first it was called Monk's Regiment, but when Parliament gave a brigade of guards to Charles II, this corps was included in it, and the name was changed to Coldstream Guards. COLDWATER, a town and the capital of Branch County, central southern Michigan, on the Lake Shore railway, 156 miles E. of Chicago. It has numerous manufactories, a public-school building which cost $100,000 and a state school for pauper children. Population 1895, 5,285. COLE, GEORGE, a British landscape-painter; born in Portsmouth, England, in 1810; died in London, Sept. 7, 1883. He was a ship-painter by trade, but soon felt a desire to do a finer kind of work, and began to paint animals. His work in that line was first exhibited in London in 1840. Immediately he attracted the attention of artists, and ten years later found him a member of the Society of British Arts, of which, in 1878, he became the vice-president. Among his paintings are Don Quixote and Sancho Panza and Loch Lubnaig, both examples of his earlier work; A River Scene, Sussex (1874); Evening on the Thames (1877); and Windsor Castle-Morning (1878). COLE, SIR HENRY, an English civil administrator and author; born at Bath, July 15, 1808; died April COLE COLERIDGE 18, 1882. He was educated at Christ's Hospital. | He became assistant keeper of the records in 1838; was chairman of the Society of Arts; did valuable service on the committee of the exhibition of 1851; was the founder of South Kensington Museum, and in 1860 became director of that institution. He wrote much for newspapers and reviews, and under the name of "Felix Summerly," published a number of books for children, among which are Alphabet of Quadrupeds; Heroic Tales of Ancient Greece; and Popular Fairy-Tales. COLE, THOMAS, an American landscape-painter; born at Bolton-le-Moors, England, Feb. 1, 1801; died in Catskill, New York, Feb. 11, 1848. He removed to America in 1819. In 1830 two of his pictures appeared in the Royal Academy, and he afterward made sketching tours through England, France and Italy; but all his best landscapes were from American subjects. Perhaps his most widely known picture is the Voyage of Life. It has been reproduced in engravings and used for illustrating popular books. COLE, VICAT, an English landscape-painter; born at Portsmouth in 1833, and received early artistic instruction from his father, George Cole. His paintings were exhibited first in 1852, and six years later he was elected member of the Society of British Artists. His picture entitled A Surrey Cornfield greatly increased his reputation. Mr. Cole became an associate of the Royal Academy in 1870, and was elected royal academician in 1880. His last work was The Pool of London. He died Sept. 6, 1893, in London. COLEBROOKE OR GRAND FALLS, a village of New Brunswick and a port of entry, situated near the Grand Falls of the St. John River, which is here crossed by a fine suspension bridge. Population, 1,597. COLEMAN, LYMAN, an American author; born June 14, 1796, in Middlefield, Massachusetts; died March 16, 1882, at Easton, Pennsylvania. He was a tutor in Yale College from 1820 to 1825, studying theology at the same time. He preached for seven years in the Congregational Church at Belchertown, Massachusetts, and for five years was principal of Burr Seminary in Vermont, and later principal of the English department of Phillips Andover Academy. After a visit to Germany he taught German in Princeton College, and later in Amherst. He traveled in Europe, Egypt and Palestine in 1856, and on his return to America taught Latin and Greek in Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania. Professor Coleman's publications were principally on Biblical subjects. Among them are Ancient Christianity Exemplified, Antiquities of the Christian Church; Prelacy and Ritualism; etc. COLENSO, JOHN WILLIAM, an English colonial bishop; born Jan. 24, 1814, in St. Austell, Cornwall; died June 20, 1883, in Durban, Natal, Africa. In 1846 he became rector of Forncett St. Mary, Norfolk, and in 1854 was elected bishop of Natal. He published extensively on mathematical, religious and other topics. His book on The Pentateuch (1879) involved him in serious controversy, and futile attempts were made to depose him. His 861 denial of the inspiration of the Old Testament, and questioning some of the works credited to Moses, were condemned by both the English and American Episcopal church. Bishop Colenso defended the cause of the Zulus in their struggle with the British. He published Ten Weeks in Natal, and commentaries. COLENSO, WILLIAM, missionary to New Zealand, and scientist, cousin of the preceding; born in Penzance, Cornwall, in 1811. He was sent out to New Zealand by the Church Missionary Society to print the Bible in Maori. He printed the first book published in New Zealand, The Epistles to the Ephesians and Philippians. This was in 1835; from that time on he has been engaged in missionary work. He is the only surviving witness of the signing of the treaty of Waitangi of 1840. He has devoted much time to the study of the origin of the Maoris and their customs. He is an authority on the natural history of New Zealand, and in recognition of his services has been made a fellow of the Royal Society. COLEPEPPER, JOHN, a British statesman, a native of Sussex, England. But little is known of his history until his return for Kent in 1640 to the Long Parliament. In 1642 he became Chancellor of the Exchequer, a twelvemonth later master of the rolls, and in another twelvemonth Lord Colepepper. He died June 11, 1660. COLERIDGE, DERWENT, an English clergyman, son of Samuel Taylor Coleridge; born Sept. 14, 1800, at Keswick, England; died April 2, 1883, at Torquay, England. In 1841 he became principal of St. Mark's College, Chelsea. While holding this position he was a prebendary of St. Paul's Cathedral, and later rector of Hanwell, Middlesex. published Lay Sermons and Notes on English Divines, and edited S. T. Coleridge's Dramatic Works. He COLERIDGE, JOHN DUKE, BARON, an English jurist, son of JOHN TAYLOR COLERIDGE (q.v., Vol. VI, p. 135), was born Dec. 3, 1820, in the sylvan beauty of Ottery St. Mary, Devonshire, where the family had long been settled. He was educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford, and took a prominent part, while an undergraduate, in the theological controversies provoked by Essays and Reviews. Called to the bar in 1847, he speedily commanded attention as an eloquent and ingenious advocate, rather than as a profound jurist. Whiling away his spare moments with frequent contributions to the Quarterly and Edinburgh Review, he became recorder of Portsmouth in 1855, and in 1861 was called within the bar as a queen's counsel. He represented Exeter in the House of Commons from 1865 to 1873, and as Solicitor-General in the first Gladstone government, was in charge of a monumental measure of legal reform the Judicature Act of 1870-in its passage through the Commons. In 1871 he was appointed Attorney-General, and after a brief tenure of office, was chosen, in November, 1873, chief justice of the Common Pleas, being raised to the peerage in December of that year as Baron Coleridge of Ottery St. Mary. On the death of Sir Alexander Cockburn in November, 1880, he became Lord Chief Justice of England. In 1883 he visited the United States in company with Lord Hannen, Lord Bowen 862 COLES-COLGATE UNIVERSITY and Lord Russell, and on the invitation of the New York Bar Association. Highly gifted, scholarly and eloquent, yet his impulsive temperament impaired his judicial qualities. He shone rather as an advocate than as a wearer of ermine, and in no case more serenely than when, as an excellent French scholar, he cross-examined for 21 days the coarse WaggaWagga butcher, Arthur Orton, who posed as the lost Sir Roger C. D. Tichborne and claimed the family estates. His most noticeable judgments were those of the cases of Dudley and Stephens, in which he held guilty of murder two starving sailors who satisfied their pangs of hunger by killing and eating a cabin-boy; the Bradlaugh-Newdegate maintenance case; and the trial of Ramsey and Foote for blasphemous libel. In this last he stretched the English law of blasphemy to the utmost tolerance of its limits. His last years were embittered by dissensions and libel suits among his relatives. As a wit and raconteur he held high place. He died in London, June 1, 1894. See also TICHBORNE, in these Supplements. COLES, ABRAHAM, an American author and physician; born Dec. 26, 1813, in Scotch Plains, New Jersey; died May 3, 1891, at Monterey, California. He studied medicine, and began his practice in 1835. He was in Paris during the insurrection of 1848, and wrote an account of it for the Newark Advertiser; published a translation of the Dies Ira; Microcosm, and Other Poems; and A New Rendering of the Hebrew Psalms into English Verse. COLES, EDWARD, a governor of Illinois; born in Albemarle County, Virginia, Dec. 15, 1786; died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, July 7, 1868. He was private secretary to President Madison for six years from 1810, and in 1817 went to Russia on a diplomatic mission. On his return he was appointed registrar of the United States land-office at Edwardsville, Illinois, and was governor of the state from 1823 to 1826, during his term of office preventing the pro-slavery party from obtaining control of the state. He went to Philadelphia in 1833, and lived there until his death. COLEUS, an ornamental plant. See HORTICULTURE, Vol. XII, p. 266. COLEWORT, a name given to some of the many cultivated varieties of the common cabbage (Brassica oleracea). The name itor of the South Bend Free Press. In 1845, he, in company with A. W. West, bought the paper and changed its name to the St. Joseph Valley Register, which became the most influential Whig journal in northern Indiana. In 1848 he was secretary of the Whig convention in Baltimore which nominated Taylor for President. The next year he was a member of the convention to revise the constitution of the state of Indiana, and earnestly opposed a clause to prohibit free colored men from settling in that state. He was again a delegate to the Whig national convention in 1852, and, having joined the new Republican party, was elected to Congress in 1854 and continued in that office until 1869. In December, 1863, he was elected Speaker of the House and was twice reelected. In May, 1868, at the Chicago national Republican convention he was nominated for Vice-President of the United States, and in November was elected, taking his seat as president of the Senate, March 4, 1869. In 1871 President Grant offered him the place of Secretary of State, but he declined, in order to serve out his term as VicePresident. His later years were spent chiefly in retirement from active politics, but, yielding to popular demand, he made several successful tours in the lecture field. COLFAX, a flourishing town of Whitman County, southeastern Washington, on the Union Pacific railroad, 85 miles S. of Spokane. It is the trade center of an extensive and fertile agricultural district. Population 1890, 1,649. COLGATE, JAMES BOORMAN, American merchant and philanthropist; born in New York, March 4, 1818; for a time a member of the dry-goods firm of Colgate and Abbe, New York, but since 1872 has been the head of the banking firm of James B. Colgate and Company. He gave generously to Colgate University, Rochester University and other institutions, Colgate University alone receiving over a million dollars. COLGATE UNIVERSITY, originally Madison University, but changed in 1889 to Colgate, in honor of COLGATE UNIVERSITY. James B. Colgate and family, by whose benefactions the institution has been benefited greatly. This university is the outgrowth of Hamilton Seminary, founded in 1820 at Hamilton, New York, which became Madison University in 1846. The endowment is nearly $2,000,000, in great part the gifts of J. B. Colgate. Since its first class, 1,260 have been graduated. COLISEUM-COLLEGE FRATERNITIES 863 There were, in 1895, 34 in the faculty, 310 students, made up of allied branches, or "chapters," in a and 25,000 volumes in the library. The president number of colleges. The branches are under one in 1895 was George W. Smith. general government, and are known by the general COLISEUM OR COLOSSEUM. See AMPHITHE- collective name of the national organization, and are ATRE, Vol. I, p. 774. COLL, one of the western islands of Scotland, off the west coast of Mull, 21⁄2 miles N.E. of Tiree Island. It is 12 miles in length. Population, 723; engaged in agriculture and fishing. COLLADON, DANIEL, Swiss engineer and physicist; born in 1802 in Geneva; died there, July 3, 1893. He first attracted public attention by his writings on photometry, sound in water and the compressibility of liquids. He invented the compressed-air drill used in excavating the Mont Cenis tunnel, and to him is largely due the St. Gotthard tunnel. He was at one time professor at the Paris École des Arts, and for a short time professor of mechanics at Geneva. He was an officer of the Legion of Honor and a member of almost all the European honorary societies. COLLAO, the name given to that part of southern Peru which is drained by the tributaries of Lake Titicaca, comprising most of the department of Puna. It consists of plains nowhere less than eleven thousand feet above the sea-level, and is surrounded by high snow-capped mountain chains. COLLE, a town of Tuscany, western central Italy, on the Elsa, 24 miles S. W. of Florence. It has an old cathedral and castle. Population, 5,090. COLLECT, a name given to certain brief and comprehensive prayers found in all liturgies of the Roman Catholic and Protestant Episcopal churches. The origin of the term is not certain. According to some, it is from these prayers being said in the congregation, or collection, of the people; to others, because they are a brief and comprehensive summary of many longer petitions collected into one. Such prayers are of ancient origin, mention being made of them by writers of the third century. COLLÈGE FRATERNITIES, societies of students in almost all the colleges and universities of the United States. These organizations are sometimes known as "Greek-letter societies," an appellation derived from the fact that the majority of the societies have taken for their names two or more Greek letters which, to the members of the order, have some special significance; as, for instance, Beta Theta Pi. The college fraternities are, with one exception, secret societies. The general purpose is association for social privileges and the benefits naturally to be derived from united effort. The term fraternity, although masculine, is also applied to the organizations of young women, properly designated as sororities. The fraternities are divided into the fraternity proper, the honorary fraternity and the professional. The professional fraternity, as the term implies, is confined to the students taking the various scientific and literary professional courses. The honorary fraternity selects its members from the members of the senior classes, as a reward of scholarship. The following descriptions have to do with the collegiate fraternities, which may be termed the fraternities proper. These fraternities are divided into national and local. The national fraternity is distinguished from one another by individual Greek letters. Generally, the first chapter chartered is given the name Alpha, and the others, in the order of their founding, the consecutive letters of the Greek alphabet. The chapter is then designated, for instance, the Alpha of Beta Theta Pi. The union of individual chapters thus gives the national organization great strength, and each chapter is made more stable. There is never more than one chapter of any fraternity in any one college, although the number of fraternities represented in some institutions amounts to 25 or 30. The local fraternities have but one chapter, which has no connection with any similar organization. The number of chapters in a national fraternity varies from 20 to 70 or 80. The number of members in a chapter varies from 8 to 25 or 30. The various fraternities have badges by which their members are known. A student does not sever his connection with his fraternity upon graduation at college, but becomes an alumni member, to distinguish him from the active men still in college. Recently, many of the larger fraternities have established alumni chapters in many of the larger cities, where members of the alumni are naturally to be found. These chapters hold regular meetings and keep up the general organization of the active chapter. Members of fraternities are selected from the student-body,-in some cases on account of scholarship entirely, in others on account of prominence in social life or athletics. A man is asked to join, and can never seek admission. This asking is known as "spiking." Often spirited contests for desirable men take place between rival organizations. The inducements offered and attentions shown such men are included in the term rushing. Should a member see fit to leave one fraternity and join another, the action of the second fraternity is called "lifting," and the man is "lifted." At times some fraternities have taken into membership persons not in college, but eminent in public life. This action is, however, discountenanced by the better organizations. A number of chapters in various colleges live in rented or owned houses known as "chapter-houses." The national fraternities, with few exceptions, publish some kind of a periodical, and also possess song-books, etc. The authorities of some educational institutions-Princeton College, for instance-exclude fraternities from the college. In other institutions the term of membership is governed by faculty regulations. The first Greek-letter society formed was the Phi Beta Kappa, at William and Mary College, Virginia, in 1776. This was at first a secret society, but is now classed among the honorary fraternities. Since its foundation there have been organized 28 national fraternities, with 800 chapters. Among them are Alpha Delta Phi, founded in 1832, at Hamilton College, New York; Kappa Alpha, at Union College, New York, in 1825; Beta Theta Pi, at Miami College, Ohio, in 1839; Delta Kappa Epsilon, at Yale College, in 1844; and Psi Upsilon, at Union College, 864 COLLEGE OF NEW JERSEY-COLLINS New York, in 1833. There are II women's societies. COLLEGE OF NEW JERSEY. See PRINCE- more important of his publications were a History of English Dramatic Poetry to the Time of Shakespeare; Notes and Emendations to the Plays of Shakespeare; Bibliographical and Critical Account of the Rarest Books in the English Language (1865); and An Old Man's Diary Forty Years Ago (1872). In one of his publications he announced the discovery of an extensive series of marginal annotations, in a seventeenth-century hand, on a copy of the second Shakespeare folio (1631-32), the famous Perkins. folio. These annotations he soon placed in the text of his next edition of Shakespeare, and at COLLEGE POINT, a village of Queens County, southern New York, situated on the northern shore of Long Island, about ten miles E. of New York City. It contains a variety of manufactories and many fine residences of the business men of the metropolis. Population 1890, 6, 127. COLLEGES, HISTORY OF AMERICAN. See EDU-tempted to pass them as genuine Shakespeare emenCATION IN THE UNITED STATES, in these Supplements; see also college names, under separate titles. COLLEGEVILLE, a village of Montgomery County, southeastern Pennsylvania, on the Perkiomen railroad, twenty miles from Philadelphia. It is the seat of Ursinus College (Reformed German) and of the Pennsylvania Female College. Permanent population, about 600. COLLEGIANTS, a sect whose creed resembled that of the Friends, hence they were sometimes called the "Holland Quakers." They sprang up about 1619, in Holland, and in a few years established a central meeting-point at Rhynsburg, near Leyden, Holland. Here they held a yearly meeting. Among the people of this sect Spinoza, the philosopher, lived after his excommunication by the Jews of Amsterdam. He was attracted to them by their liberality in thought and simplicity in living. The founders and leaders were originally Arminians. They had no regular pastors and adopted no form of government. They believed in baptism by immersion. The name Collegiants was given them because they called their assemblies "colleges." The sect died out at the end of the sixteenth century. COLLEGIATE CHURCHES, in England, one which, while not being a cathedral, nevertheless possesses a college or chapter, consisting of a dean or provost and canons, attached to them. They date from the ninth century, when such foundations in large towns became frequent. They are under the jurisdiction of the bishop of the diocese in which they are situated, and he exercises visitorial powers over them. Examples of such are Westminster Abbey and St. George's Chapel, Windsor. In the United States the term is applied to a collection of churches having their pastors in common, as the Dutch Collegiate Church of New York. COLLEMBOLA. See INSECTS, Vol. XIII, p. 153. COLLETT, JACOBINE CAMILLA, authoress, cousin of the Norwegian poet Wergeland (q.v., NORWAY, Vol. XVII, p. 590); born in Norway, Jan. 23, 1813; died in 1891. She was a novelist of extended reputation. Her works, all in Norwegian, include The Magistrate's Daughters; Tales; Against the Stream; and Last Leaves: Recollections and Confessions. COLLIER, JOHN PAYNE, an. English Shakespearean critic and commentator; born in London, Jan. II, 1789; died in Maidenhead, Sept. 17, 1883. While still a boy he became Parliamentary reporter for the London Times and subsequently for the Morning Chronicle; but his real literary career commenced in 1820 with the publication of The Poetical Decameron. The dations. This announcement caused a great commotion in the literary world, but it was subsequently shown that they were forgeries, and the discovery, after his death, of some manipulated books, in his own library, greatly injured his reputation. COLLIMATOR, a subsidiary telescope used to detect or correct errors in collimation; that is, in directing the sight to a fixed object when adjusting for transit-observations. When the vertical thread in the field of view exactly coincides with the vertical axis of a telescope, the instrument is collimated vertically, and when the horizontal spider's thread just covers the horizontal axis, the instrument is correct in horizontal collimation. See also OPTICS, Vol. XVII, p. 800. COLLIN D'HARLEVILLE, JEAN FRANÇOIS, a French poet and writer of comedies; born in 1755, at Maintenon, France; died in Paris, Feb. 24, 1806. His comedies were of such merit that they not only were successful during the life of the writer, but are popular to-day. His first drama was The Inconstant Lover, produced in 1786. His later works include The Optimist; Old Bachelor; and Chateaus in Spain. Old Bachelor is his best work. COLLINGWOOD, a town of Simcoe, northern central Ontario, Canada, situated on the south shore of Georgian Bay, on the Grand Trunk railroad, 94 miles N.W. of Toronto. It has a large variety of manufactures, and is an important center of trade and transportation. Population 1891, 4,939. COLLINGWOOD, CUTHBERT, British naturalist; born Dec. 25, 1826, at Greenwich, England; studied at Christ Church, Oxford, Edinburgh University, and in Paris and Vienna; from 1858 to 1866, professor of botany in the Liverpool Medical College and professor of biology in the School of Science. He traveled in China, Borneo and Singapore in 186667, on a voyage for studying marine zoölogy, sanctioned by the British Admiralty. He embodied the results of his investigations in Rambles of a Naturalist on the Shores and Waters of the China Sea. He is also the author of various scientific papers; among them, Traveling Birds and A Vision of Creation. COLLINS, WILLIAM WILKIE, an English novelist; born in London, Jan. 8, 1824; died there, Sept. 23, 1889. He was educated partly at Highbury, but from 1836 to 1839 was with his parents in Italy. After his return to London he spent four years in business, but finding it uncongenial, he entered Lincoln's Inn as a student at law. Here his literary bent manifested itself in 1848, the Life of his father (WILLIAM COLLINS, 1787-1847, Vol. VI, p. 148) being his |