DANEBROG-DANVILLE inserted in the United States constitution. He was United States Senator from 1794 to 1798, and he established the Dane professorship of law at Harvard, donating $15,000 for the purpose. He published a Digest of American Law in nine volumes. He died at Beverly, Massachusetts, Feb. 15, 1835. DANEBROG, "the Danish banner," the second in dignity of the Danish orders, instituted by King Waldemar in 1219, as a sort of glorification of the flag. Having become disused, its restoration dates from 1671. The decoration consists of a cross of gold pattée, enameled with white, suspended by a white ribbon, embroidered with red. The Danebrog, the national standard, consists of a white cross on a red field. DANEGELD, a tribute levied by the AngloSaxons on every hide of land, nominally for the purpose of meeting the outlay requisite for defending the country against the Danes. The tax was continued after the Conquest, as one of the rights of the crown, until the time of Stephen. See ENGLAND, Vol. VIII, p. 294. DANELAUGH OR DANELAW, that part of England where the Danish influence was paramount during the ninth and tenth centuries. It corresponded to the modern shires of York, Lincoln, Nottingham, Derby, Leicester, Rutland, Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Cambridge, Huntingdon, Northampton, Buckingham, Bedford and Herts. DANENHOWER, JOHN WILSON, an American Arctic explorer; born in Chicago, Illinois, Sept. 30, 1849. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1870; served on the Portsmouth on a surveying expedition in the Northern Pacific; took part in subduing an insurrection at Honolulu, Hawaii, in 1873; served on board the Vandalia when General Grant visited Egypt, and in 1878 joined the Jeannette, which sailed from Havre, France, on an Arctic exploration. The expedition sailed through Bering Straits, and cruised in the Arctic Ocean until the steamer was crushed in the ice. The crew marched for 95 days over the ice, dragging their boats, and then embarked in the open waters, but a storm arose and separated the boats. Lieutenant Danenhower's boat reached the Lena delta, Sept. 17, 1881, but the other crews perished. With his crew he arrived in America in June, 1882. He published The Narrative of the Jeannette (1882). He died in Annapolis, Maryland, April 20, 1887. DANGS, THE, a tract of country in Bombay, India, consisting of 15 petty states in the political agency of Khandesh district, ruled by Bhil chieftains. Its chief interest lies in its great forests of teak. Population, 70, 300. DANIELL'S CELL. See ELECTRICITY, Vol. VIII, p. 93; and ELECTRICITY, §§ 99, 100, in these Supplements. 985 DANITES, a secret organization among the Mormons, founded in 1838, whose members are believed to have been the authors of the Mountain Meadow massacre in 1857 and to have committed other atrocities. See MORMONS, Vol. XVI, p. 826. DANKALI OR DANAKIL, an independent state of Abyssinia, extending along the southwest border of the Red Sea. It is a sterile territory, being almost destitute of water. The heat is excessive, often reaching 110° F. The population of about 70,000 is Arabic and Mohammedan, and the people are treacherous, indolent and cruel. The territory is incorporated in the Italian protectorate of Eritrea. DANNEWIRKE OR DANNEWERK, an ancient Danish wall of defense. See SCHLESWIG, Vol. XXI, p. 414. The Dannewirke is a favorite title for Danish newspapers. DANSVILLE, a town of Livingston County, central western New York, situated at the head of the Genessee valley, and on the Dansville and Mount Morris and Delaware, Lackawanna and Western railroads. It is an important railroad center, and contains a variety of manufactories, including paper and pulp mills and a large pail factory. It has a seminary and a hygienic institute. Population 1890, 3,758. DANVERS, a town of Essex County, northeastern Massachusetts, about 20 miles N. of Boston, on the Boston and Maine railroad. It contains extensive manufactories of shoes, iron, brick, carpets and lumber, and is the seat of a state insane asylum. Population 1890, 7,454. It DANVILLE, a city of central western Illinois, and capital of Vermillion County. An important railroad center, on the Chicago, Danville and Vincennes, the Paris and Danville, the 'Wabash, the Indianapolis, Bloomington and Western, and the Evansville, Terre Haute and Chicago railroads; it is also on the Big Vermillion River. has varied manufactories, and is engaged largely in the mining and shipment of coal, which crops out in abundant quantities from the bluffs in the immediate vicinity. The car and machine shops of the Chicago, Danville and Vincennes railroad are located here. Population 1880, 7,733; in 1890, 11,491; including suburbs, 17,768. See DANVILLE, Vol. VI, p. 820. DANVILLE, a town and the capital of Hendricks County, central Indiana, 19 miles W. of Indianapolis, on the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis railroad. It has flouringmills and manufactories of wooden articles. Population 1890, 1,569. DANVILLE, a city of central Kentucky, capital of Boyle County, about a hundred miles S. E. of Louisville, on the Chattanooga and Lookout Mountain railroad. It is the seat of Center College, the Southern Collegiate Institute, Danville Theological Seminary, Caldwell Female Institute, Morrison Female Seminary, Hogsett Academy, and contains a state asylum for the deaf and dumb. It is the center of a rich stock-raising 986 DANVILLE-DARLEY region, and is growing rapidly in importance and population. Population 1890, 3,766. DANVILLE, a flourishing city of Pittsylvania County, southwestern Virginia, situated on the Dan River Falls, 65 miles S. of Lynchburg. It is a railroad center on the Richmond and Danville railroad, and the terminus of the Virginia. Midland railroad. It is an important tobacco market, being in the center of the fine, yellow tobacco section. It is estimated that between 30,000,000 and 50,000,000 pounds of tobacco are sold at Danville annually. There are nearly 150 tobacco establishments and three cotton-mills in the city. It has superior educational advantages, and is the seat of the Danville Male Academy, the Danville Female Academy, and the Roanoke Female College. Population 1880, 8, 726; in 1890, including North Danville, 14, 104. fields of snow and ice half concealed beneath stones and rubbish, is described as a scene of terrific desolation. DARBY, JOHN NELSON, an English theologian; and DARBYITES, a sect, his followers. See PLYMOUTH BRETHREN, Vol. XIX, pp. 238, 239. DARBY CARBONIZING PROCESS. See IRON AND STEEL, in these Supplements. DARCET, JEAN PIERRE JOSEPH, a French chemist; born in Paris, Aug. 31, 1777. His researches led to great improvement in the manufacture of gunpowder, and in the composition of bronze and of steel. M. Darcet also discovered a method of producing soda from common salt. His father, Jean Darcet, directed the manufacture of porcelain at Sèvres, and proved the combustibility of the diamond. He died in Paris, Aug. 2, 1844. DARDANELLE, a town and one of the capitals of Yell County, northwestern central Arkansas, situated on the Arkansas River, about eighty miles above Little Rock. It is an important transportation point for cotton and other products, and contains a variety of manufactories. Population 1890, 1,456. DAPHNE, a genus of shrubby plants of the family Thymeleaceæ, natives of Europe and Asia, characterized by its very tough bark, entire leaves, salverform or funnelform variously colored flowers in umbel-like lateral or terminal clusters, and brightly colored berries. D. Mezereum and D. Cneorum, both of Europe, and DAR FERTIT, the name given by the Arabs D. odora, the "sweet daphne" of China, are in to a large tract of negro country in central Soucommon cultivation. The nearest American rep-dan, between lat. 6° and 10° N., and long. 24° and resentative is the allied genus Dirca, known as 27° E. This country has been the prey of Arab "leatherwood" or "moose-wood. slave-hunters since 1820, and though rich in ivory, DAPHNIA. See CRUSTACEA, Vol. VI., pp. rubber, and many other resources, it is now nearly 643, 663. DA PONTE, LORENZO, dramatist and poet; born in Venice, Italy, March 10, 1749. He was of the Hebrew race and bore an assumed name. For several years he wrote plays and opera librettos in Vienna, among which were the texts of Mozart's Don Giovanni and Nozze di Figaro, both of which were made famous by the music. He was for a short time a secretary of Emperor Joseph II. In 1805 he settled in New York City, and in 1828 became professor of Italian at Columbia College. He wrote sonnets, made translations from English into Italian, and compiled several instruction books for acquiring his native language. Among his publications are his Life (3 vols., New York, 1823), and a History of the Florentine Republic (2 vols., 1833). He died in New York City, Aug. 17, 1838. DARAGUNJ, an Indian town, in the Northwest Provinces, opposite Allahabad, and connected with it by a ferry. Here the bed of the Here the bed of the Ganges is about one mile wide, and in the dry season two thirds of the width is covered with wet sand and mud, rendering the passage across it difficult. DARBUNG, a mountain torrent of Bussaher, Hindustan. It rises in the Himalaya Mountains, 15,000 feet above sea-level, and, after flowing for 27 miles, is lost in the Sutlej, the most easterly of the five rivers of the Punjab. A wooden bridge about 33 feet in length crosses this river about 7 miles above its junction, with the Sutlej at a descent of 6,000 feet from its source, the banks of the river still farther up being bordered by several villages. Its source, which consists of destitute of inhabitants. DARFUR, STATE. See AFRICA, in these Supplements. DARIC. See NUMISMATICS, Vol. XVII, p. 659. DARIEN, a town of southeastern Georgia, capital of McIntosh County, and a port of entry, situated on the Altamaha River, about 60 miles S. of Savannah. It is an important shipping-point for the exportation of lumber. Population 1890, 1,491. DARIEN SCHEME. See PATERSON, WILLIAM, Vol. XVIII, pp. 359, 360. DARK AGES, the period between the fall of the Roman Empire and the revival of letters in the fifteenth century; or, according to some, dating from the invasion of France by Clovis in 486 to the invasion of Naples by Charles VIII in 1495, a period of about 1,000 years. DARLEY, FELIX OCTAVIUS CARR, an American artist; born in Philadelphia, June 23, 1822. While a clerk in a mercantile house in Philadelphia, young Darley produced some humorous sketches which were praised so highly that he devoted himself to the pursuit of art by making drawings for engravers. His illustrations for books eventually became almost numberless; for the works of Fenimore Cooper he made more than five hundred drawings. Some of his sketches were reduced to appear on government bonds and bank-notes; he also produced many outline illustrations on stone. Among the latter are the series illustrating Irving's Rip Van Winkle and Sleepy Hollow. In 1852 he was made an academician of the New York Academy of Design. His exhibitions are nearly all in black and white. From 1864 until 1868 he resided in DARLING-DARNEL 987 Europe. After his return home he published | rises with a spiral twist, becomes enlarged at the Sketches Abroad with Pen and Pencil (New York, summit into the inflated over-arching dome which 1868); Outlines to the Scarlet Letter (1879); Illustra- comes down over the rim of the pitcher, and tions to Evangeline (1883); and Illustrations to Shake- terminates in a gaudily colored fish-tail appendspeare's Plays (1886). He died in Claymont, Del- age. Within the pitcher are numerous downaware, March 27, 1888. wardly pointing hairs, to prevent the escape of DARLING, a river of New South Wales, south- the entrapped insects, and an accumulation of a western Australia, formed by the confluence of a sweetish liquid, in which they are drowned and number of rivers in the northern part of the col- macerated. Honey-like secretions upon the outony, flows southwest for 600 miles and enters the side of the pitcher and upon the fish-tail appendMurray at about lat. 34° S., and long. 142° E. age serve as a lure to the rim of the pitcher, DARLING, GRACE, an English heroine, daugh- within which a glazed zone usually insures a fall ter of the keeper of Longstone lighthouse, was into the liquid, and the retrorse hairs prevent an born at Bamborough, England, Nov. 24, 1815. escape. So far as known, the bodies thus obDuring a storm on the morning of Sept. 7, 1838, tained are macerated merely for absorption, and the Forfarshire, with 63 persons on board, was not subjected to the action of a digestive fluid, as wrecked among the Farne Islands, and Darling, in certain other carnivorous plants. The pitchers at the solicitation of his daughter, put off for the of Darlingtonia are two or three feet high, and wreck, accompanied by her. Through their united form one of the most complete insect-traps known. efforts they reached and rescued nine persons. A See INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS, Vol. XIII, p. 138. purse of $3,500 was made up for her and her name became a household word. She died Oct. 20, 1842. DARLINGTON, a town and the capital of Darlington County, northeastern South Carolina, 93 miles E. N. E. of Columbia, on the Atlantic coast line. It has a large trade in cotton, shipping annually twenty thousand bales, and also manufactures cotton goods. Population 1890, 2, 389. DARLINGTON, a city of southern Wisconsin, capital of Lafayette County, situated on the Pecatonica River, about 50 miles S. W. of Madison, and on the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul railroad. It contains a number of manufactories, and is the center of an extensive trade in grain, live-stock, and butter and cheese. It has a calcic-magnesic spring celebrated for its medicinal virtues. In 1889 pearls were found in the Pecatonica River, near Darlington, and pearl-fishing has since been among the regular industries of the town. Population 1895, 1,811. DARLINGTON, WILLIAM, an American politician and botanist; born in Birmingham, Pennsylvania, April 28, 1782; died in West Chester, April 23, 1863. He studied medicine, graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1804, and sailed for India as ship's surgeon. His Letters from Calcutta describe the trip. On his return to America he served two terms in Congress. He was a member of many learned societies of America and Europe. A remarkable pitcherplant found in California was named Darlingtonia in his honor. His writings include Flora Cestrica and Agricultural Botany. DARLINGTONIA, a genus of Californian plants of the family Sarraceniacea, being the Pacific coast representative of the Sarracenias, or pitcher-plants of the Atlantic region. The single species known (D. Californica) has the habit of the Sarracenias, growing in boggy ground, with a radical rosette of pitcher-like leaves, from the center of which rises the long scape bearing a single large nodding flower. The "pitchers " are the largest and among the most elaborate to be found in the family. The funnel-shaped tube | DARMESTETER, ARSÈNE, a French philologist and classical scholar; born in Paris, Jan. 5, 1846. Having undertaken studies anticipatory to the duties of a Jewish rabbi, he became deeply interested in philology, and determined to make that his life-work. His studies with Paris, the eminent French philologist, began in 1867. A few years. later he had won the recognition of contemporary philologists, and had become a prominent authority upon the philology of the Romance languages. Solely to him is credit due for demonstration of the great importance of certain Old French glosses upon Hebrew words in determining the precise character of eleventh-century French. His dictionary of the French language, begun in association with M. Hatzfeld in 1871, is a monumental work of great value to philologists. In 1877 he published Concerning the Actual Creation of New Words in the French Language, and, a year later, View of French Literature in the Sixteenth Century. At the time of his death, which occurred Nov. 7, 1888, he had but just reached what promised to be the most important period of his work. DARMESTETER, JAMES, a French Orientalist; born March 28, 1849, in the department of Meurthe-et-Moselle. He was educated at the Lycée Bonaparte in Paris, and shortly afterward undertook Oriental studies as a profession. In 1886, then a professor in the College of France, he went to India, and became connected with Bombay University. His first important work, Harvatât and Ameretât, an Essay upon the Mythology of the Avesta, was published in 1875. It was followed by Ormazd and Ahriman: Their Origin and Their History; The Zend-Avesta; Oriental Essays; and The Prophets of Israel. He died at MaisonsLafitte, near Paris, Oct. 19, 1894. DARNEL, the common name of Lolium temulentum, a pasture-grass introduced into the United States from Europe. It grows one or two feet high, with a loose spike of spikelets placed edgewise. It also is called "rye-grass or "raygrass," and, frequently being associated with wheat, its grains were supposed once to render the flour injurious. 988 DARTER-DARTMOUTH COLLEGE DARTER. See SNAKE-BIRD, Vol. XXII, p. 188. DARTER-FISH (Etheostoma), a bright-colored fish of the perch family, found in eastern North America. The name refers to the sudden movements of the fish when capturing its prey. DARTMOOR, a granitic upland in Devonshire, England, the source, with two exceptions, of all the principal rivers of the county, remarkable alike for its wild and rugged scenery, its antiquities, its wide, solitary, trackless wastes, and its mineral products. To the brief notices found under DEVONSHIRE, Vol. VII, pp. 139, 140, the addition of more particulars of Dartmoor is desirable, visited as its rugged wilds are by tourists, and favorite subject as its bold scenery has been for the brush of many an artist. The moor proper is upward of 130,000 acres, or 203 square miles, in extent, the extreme length from north to east being 25 miles, and the extreme breadth from east to west, 20 miles. The outline is irregular, and the surface has been well described as an extensive knob of granite covered by a peaty sponge. Its higher ranges are bleak and barren, but it has some pretty wooded valall leys, through which run numerous streams, well stocked with trout. The characteristic features of Dartmoor, however, and what give to it the chief interest, particularly for the antiquary and archæologist, are its many "tors, or huge blocks of granite, crowning the hills, its "maenhirs," its stone circles and its prehistoric villages, all walled around against wolves. Over the East AntiDart a rude cyclopean bridge still stands. quaries attribute it to Celtic days, and its structure is such that the scythed chariots of Damnonian warriors might pass the river in safety. Near by is Crockern Tor, where the Stannary Parliament was wont to meet in the open air, until the middle of the last century. Kistvaens, or stone tombs of prehistoric days, are numerous, and Druidical circles are scattered over the moorland. In the most desolate part of the moor is Foxtormires, a treacherous morass, in which perished the only convict who has succeeded in escaping from the prison of Prince Town. This last was erected in. 1808, at a cost of $635,000, as a place of confinement for prisoners of war. With peace, it was converted into a naphtha factory, but on the cessation of penal transportation it was reclaimed by government and employed as a convict station. Two strong walls inclose a circular area of about thirty acres, on which are built the prisons and offices. They are constructed of large blocks of stone, and radiate from a center. Four of the buildings (each 300 feet long and 50 feet wide) are used as prisons. Upward of 120 acres in the neighborhood are cultivated by the prisoners, and produce barley, oats, flax, carrots and mangoldwurzel. A little to the west of Prince Town lie the enormous Dartmoor quarries, connected with Plymouth by the Plymouth and Dartmoor railway, and worked by convict labor from the neighboring prison. The chief drawback to haphazard traveling over Dartmoor is the rough character of its upper parts. No one whose aim is enjoyment should attempt to cross by any but the beaten tracks, except in clear and dry weather. wrote: Tavistock, Lidford, with its fabled prototype of lynch law, whereof Browne, the Tavistock poet, I've ofttimes heard of Lydford law, How in the morn they hang and draw, And sit in judgment after. Moreton Hampstead, Bovey Tracey with a church full of quaint epitaphs of Anglican martyrs, Holne, Ashburton and Ivy Bridge are oldfashioned and curious towns around the moor, much frequented by tourists seeking picturesque repose. Dartmoor sheep are a small, hardy race, wild and restless, whose original home is in the forest and heathlands of Devonshire and Cornwall. In size they are small, their average weight on killing being about eleven pounds per quarter. Their mutton is highly esteemed for its flavor, and commands a ready sale. Their wool is soft and long, but of little bulk. They feed upon. pasture too poor for the sustenance of other sheep, have white faces and legs, and when the ewes are crossed with Leicesters, heavy lambs are produced. A meteorological station is maintained on Lee Moor at an altitude of 860 feet above sealevel. The mean annual rainfall from 1866 to 1880 was seventy inches. The moor is often used for army maneuvers and artillery practice. Rowe's Perambulation of Dartmoor (1895) and Page's Dartmoor and Rivers of Devon (1895) contain valuable information. DARTMOUTH, a town of Nova Scotia, connected by ferry with Halifax. It contains a number of manufactories, three tanneries, a provincial lunatic asylum and many handsome residences. Population, about 3,500. DARTMOUTH COLLEGE, an institution of higher education at Hanover, New Hampshire. BUTTERFIELD MUSEUM, DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. Its buildings stand upon the banks of the Connecticut River, amid beautiful surroundings. Save Harvard, Yale and Brown, Dartmouth is the oldest of the New England colleges. Moore's Indian Charity School, named for its benefactor, Joshua Moore, was established at Lebanon, Connecticut, Dec. 18, 1754, by Eleazer Wheelock, and out of it grew Dartmouth College. One Samson Occum, an Indian preacher who made a tour of England in 1865, was the means of arousing great interest in this school, and a sum of £10,000 was raised there for its benefit. At this time the first DARWIN board of trustees was elected, and the Earl of Dartmouth, who had taken keen interest in the enterprise, was chosen its president. The college was named in his honor. It was not, however, called a college until its removal, in 1865, into the township of Hanover, in the province of New Hampshire. The attendance was then about equally divided between Indian and English youths. The charter of the institution was given by Governor John Wentworth, in the name of King George III, Dec. 13, 1769. The college, whose early patrons were mostly in Great Britain, suffered keenly during the War of the Revolution, but it held its own and slowly regained prosperity. In 1816 the state legislature passed an act to change the name to "Dartmouth University," and to put the institution under state control. Out of this legislation grew the notable Dartmouth 'case, tried before the supreme court of the United States, and argued by Daniel Webster, who won the case for his alma mater. The old board of trustees was completely upheld in its maintenance of the sacredness of a private corporation, and its right to non-interference on the part of the The "university" was annulled and the former order of things resumed. state. Dartmouth has become one of the foremost of institutions of higher education in the Eastern states, and is regarded as typical of the oldfashioned New England college. The religious tone is high, although the institution is non-sectarian. Associated with Dartmouth are the New Hampshire Medical School, the Chandler Scientific School, the Thayer Engineering School and the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. There are 450 students in attendance. Women are not admitted. The presidency of the college has been held as follows: Eleazer Wheelock, 1769-79; John Wheelock, 1779-1815; Francis Brown, 1815-20; Daniel Dana, 1820-21; Bennett Tyler, 1821-28; Nathan Lord, 1828-63; Asa Dodge Smith, 1863-77; Samuel Colcord Bartlett, 1877-92; William Jewett Tucker, 1893. DARWIN, CHARLES ROBERT, an English naturalist, the son of DR. ERASMUS DARWIN (q. v., Vol. VI, p. 830), was born at Shrewsbury, Feb. 12, 1809. He was educated at Edinburgh University, and at Christ's College, Cambridge. It was at the latter institution that his biological studies seriously began. On Dec. 27, 1831, shortly after taking his degree of B. A., he was appointed through the influence of Prof. J. S. Henslow of Cambridge, his instructor in botany, naturalist to the expedition of H. M.S. Beagle for a hydrographical survey of South American waters. He returned to England Oct. 2, 1836. It was during this long expedition that he obtained that CHARLES DARWIN. 989 intimate knowledge of the fauna, flora, and geological conditions of many tropical, subtropical and temperate climates which so admirably equipped him for the great work he was afterward to perform. On his return he formed the friendship of several scientific leaders, through whose influence he was appointed, in 1838, secretary of the Geological Society. In the next year he was elected to the Royal Society, and married his cousin, Miss Wedgewood. In the same year he published Journal of Researches Into the Geology and Natural History of the Various Countries Visited by H.M.S. Beagle. Visited by H.M.S. Beagle. From 1840 to 1843 Darwin was occupied with the publication of the Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle. In 1842 appeared his work on The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs; in 1844, Geological Observations on Volcanic Islands; and in 1846, Geological Observations on South America. These placed him at once in the front rank of contemporary scientific thinkers. Three years after his marriage, Darwin settled at Down, in Kent, where the remainder of his life was passed, private means enabling him to devote himself unremittingly to the pursuit of science. In 1858, Darwin set to work seriously to condense his vast mass of notes, and put into shape his great work, The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, published in November, 1859. This book (see VARIATION, Vol. XXIV, pp. 77, 78), written in a style straightforward, and of charming simplicity, yet whose sensational theories represented the farthest reach of scientific knowledge, at once aroused a storm of controversy as no book of its kind has ever done. Its effect was widespread and profound. Darwin, meanwhile, calmly continued the work, in which he had shown the genius of patience and insight. In his subsequent publications he maintained, throughout a bitter theological and scientific warfare, the undisturbed serenity characteristic of the simple seeker after truth. No personal element finds place in his writings. The great series of works supplemental to The Origin of Species includes, besides his scarcely less famous Descent of Man, The Fertilization of Orchids; Insectivorous Plants; Earthworms; Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals; and Cross and Self Fertilization in the Vegetable Kingdom. It is as the great leader of evolutionary biology that Darwin will mainly be remembered. Though not himself the originator of the hypothesis, he was undoubtedly the first to gain for it acceptance among biological experts. He died April 19, 1882, and was buried with unusual honors in Westminster Abbey. The article on TIDES, in this ENCYCLOPEDIA, was written by Mr. Darwin's son, George. DARWIN, FRANCIS, an English physiological botanist, younger son of Charles Robert Darwin, was born Aug. 16, 1848, at Down, Kent, England. He graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge, and received medical training at St. George's Hospital, London. In 1884 he became a university lecturer in botany, and, four years later, fellow of Christ's College, and reader in botany. |