Merchant vessels in, 71-74.

Police regulations, 75-83.
Public armed vessels in, 74-83,
89.

Port regulations, observance of, by
ships of war, 75.

Positive law of nations, 28.
Postliminy, 366–369.

Applies to maritime capture, 367,
368.
Definition, 366.
Limits of rule, 368.
Modern rule, 367–369.
Recapture, 366–369.
Roman rule, 366–367.
Salvage, 367.

Precedents as sources of international
law, 23.

Pre-emption (see Contraband), 460,
461.

Primacy of the great powers, 108, 109.
Concert of action, 108, 109.

Exercise of authority, 109.
Illustrations, 109.

Prisoners of war, 313-318, 363, 509-
514, 517-521, 552-554, 578-580.
Capture, 313, 314.

Cartels, 316, 317, 339.
Confinement of, 315, 316.
Escape, 315.

Exchange, 316, 517, 518.
Internment in neutral territory,

315, 316, 560, 580, 581.
Labor of, 315.

Paroles, 317, 318, 519-521.
Private property of, 314.

Release of, 315, 316, 517, 518.
Restrictions on, 315, 316.
Status of, 315.

Support of, 314.

Termination of captivity, 315-

318.

Treatment of, 314.

Wounded, see Geneva Conven-
tion.

Private arbitration, 255-258.

Advantages, 255, 256.

Binding force, 256.

Compared with mediation, 257.
Composition of tribunal, 256.
Decision, 255.
Fraud, effect of, 257.
Preliminary treaty, 256.
Procedure, 256.

Tribunal, how constituted, 256.
Validity of decision, 256, 257.

Private international law (see Con-
flict of law), 181-188.

Aliens, capacity of, 185-187.
Based on comity, 182.

Capacity, rules respecting per-
sons, 186.

Caste, not exterritorial, 185–187.
Conflict of laws, 181-188.
Contracts, 186, 187.

Decedents, estates of, 186.
Definition, 181, 182.
Domicile, 185-187.

Foreign judgments, 187-189.
History, 182-185.

Judgments, extra-territorial ef-

fects of, 187-189.
Jus gentium, 184.
Lex rei sitae, 186.

Limitation on practice of, 185-
187.

Prize courts, 369-375.
Crews, 362, 3631

Recapture, 366–369.

Title to, where vested, 361, 362.
Validity of, how determined,
369-375.

Where made, 360, 361.

Prize courts, 369-375 (see Captures).
Appeal in prize cases, 372.
Constitution of, 369, 370.
Decisions of, effects, 369, 370.
Distribution, 372, 373.

Domicile of owners, how deter-
mined, 373, 375.

Effect of decisions, 369, 370.
International law applied by,

370, 371.

Judgments, 309, 370, 372.
Jurisdiction, 369, 370,
Law applied by, 370, 371.

Nationality of ships, how deter-
mined, 373-375.

Place of session, 369, 370.
Power of, 369-374.
Procedure, 371-373.

Prize crews, 362, 363.

Duty of, 362, 363.

Prize money, 372, 373.

Process, service of, in ships of war,
76, 77.

Projectiles, 298-300.

Bar-shot, 299.

Bullets, explosive, 299.
Chain-shot, 299.

Explosive, restriction on, 299.
Hot shot, 299.

Test of conformity, 298, 299.
Wounds caused by, 298, 299.
Projectiles, conventions respecting
the use of:

St. Petersburg, 538, 539.
The Hague, 564-566.

Property, individual (see Conflict of
Laws), 185.

Property:

Booty, 310.

Captured on land, 306–314.

On sea, 357-369.

Claims for damage to, 350-

Mob violence, claims based on,

351, 352.

Pillage, 323.

Postliminy, 366–369.

Prize, 357-369.

Protection of, 306–314.

Private, in war, 307-314.

Public, 306, 331, 332, 344, 345.
Ransom, 363–366.
Recapture, 366–369.
Requisitions, 308, 309.

Responsibility for injury to, in
war, 350-354.

Protectorates:

Definition, 38.

Nature of the relation, 38.
Spheres of influence, 109, 110.

Protocol (see Treaties), 248.

Pubilc armed vessels (see Exterri-
toriality).

Asylum on board of, 82.
Asylum, 40.

Baltimore, case of the, 80-82.

Courtesies, 124-127, 130–133.
Constitution, case of the, 81, 82.
Exemption from process, 76, 77.
Exterritoriality, 74-83, 89.
Harbor regulations, 75, 76.
In foreign ports, 74-83.
Jurisdiction over, 69-83, 89.
Maine, case of the, 77-80.
Offences on shore, 82, 83.

On high seas, 69-74.
Port, rules of, 75, 76.
Process, service of, 76, 77.
Quarantine, 75.
Salutes, 128-133.

Service of process on, 76, 77.
Sitka, case of the, 77, 78.
Territorial character, 69-83, 89.
Visits of courtesy, 130-133.

Public ministers (see Ministers), 87,
88, 190-211.

Public opinion as a source of inter-
national law, 27.

Public property in war, 306, 327-
336.

Quarantine, observance of rules of,
by ships of war, 75.
Quarter, 297, 511, 512.

Refusal of, forbidden, 297, 298.

Ransom (see Recapture), 364- 366,
513.

Contracts, 364, 365.

Hostages, 366.

Of prisoners of war, 513.
Ransom contracts, 364–366.
Authority for, 364, 365.
Binding force, 364–366.
Deviation, penalty for, 364, 365.
Effect, 364, 365.

Hostages, 366.

Obligation of, 364, 365.
Parties to, 364, 365.

Recapture, effects on, 365.
Validity of, 364, 365.

Ratification (see Treaties), 234, 235.
Rebellion (see Internal wars), 274-
279, 523-525.

Recapture (see Postliminy), 366–369.
By whom made, 366–368.
Effects of, 366–368.
Limits of, 368, 369.
Locality of, 368.

Neutral ships, 367, 368.

Postliminy, 366–368.

Position of Great Britain, 365,

Relative rank of diplomatic and mil-
itary officers, 214, note.
Religious worship, privilege of, 208,
209.

Representative government (see Suff-
rage), 31-33.

Character (see Ambassadors), 194,

195.

Institutions, 31, 33.
Reprisal, letters of marque and, 294,
360, 373.

By whom issued, 294, 360, 373.
Purpose, 294, 360, 373.

Reprisals (see Retaliation), 264, 265.
In peace, 264, 265.
In war, 325, 326, 505.

Requisitions, 308-310.

By whom made, 308.

Definition, 308.
How made, 308.

Irregular, how punished, 308.
Pillage, 308.

Policy of the United States re-

specting, 309, 310.

Property taken by, 308.

Receipts to be given, 308.
Services, 308, 309.

Restrictive interpretation (see Trea-
ties), 247.

Retaliation in war, 325, 326.

Character and purpose, 325, 326.
Restriction on practice, 325, 326.
When applicable, 325, 326.

Retorsion, 263, 264.

Rétraction, Droit de (see Droit de Rétrac-
tion).

Revenue laws, searches in execution

of, 487, 488.

Enforcement of treaty stipula-
tions, 94, 95, 102.
Imperfect, 92, 116.
Interference, 98-115.
Moral claims, 92, 116, 117.
Non-interference, 98, 99.
Perfect, 91-115.

Protection of citizens abroad, 95-
98.
Reputation, 94.

Self-defence, 93, 99–102.
Self-preservation, 93.

Rivers (see Boundaries), 46-54
Boundaries, 46, 47.
Navigable, 48-54.

Rivers as boundaries, 46, 48-54.
Accretion, 46, 47.
Changes, 46, 47.
Demarkation, 46.

Loss of soil, 47.

Navigation, 46, 48-54.

Case of the Danube, 48-50.

Main, 48.

Meuse, 48.

Mississippi, 50-52.

Moselle, 48.

Neckar, 48.

Rhine, 48.

Scheldt, 48.

St. Lawrence, 52-54.

Robbins, case of, 177, 178, note.
Roman Church, 13-16.

Canon law, 13.

Ecumenical councils, 13, 14.
Influence of, upon international
law, 13-16.

Medieval empire, 14-16.
Papacy, 13, 14.

487.

Right of search (see Search), 479–497.

Approach to verify nationality,
488.

Belligerent character, 479, 480.
Boarding party, duty of, 481, 482.
Convoy, 484-487.

Extent, 480-482.
Resistance to, 483.

Searches in peace, 487, 488.
Virginius, case of the, 489-493.
When and where exercised, 479,

480.

Rights of states:

Classification, 92.
Comity, 122.

Duties, 92, 116, 117.

Influence on international law,

5-7, 9, 10, 13-15, 18-22.

Jus civile, 20-22.

Jus feciale, 5, 6, 21.

Jus naturæ, 18, note.

Source of international law, 20-

Safe conducts, 337, 338, 515.
Abuse of, 338.

By whom issued, 337, 338.
Character, 337, 338.
How construed, 338.
Violation of, 338.
Safeguards, 337, 338.
Abuse of, 338.

Binding character, 338.
By whom issued, 338.
Definition, 338.

Protection afforded by, 338.
Purpose, 338.

To whom issued, 338.

Respect for, how received, 338.
Violation of, 338.

Sally, case of the, 73, 74.

St. Lawrence River, case of the (see

Seas, see High Seas.

Claims to dominion over, 57, 58.
Closed seas, 58, 59.

Extent, 57.

Fishery, 60, 61.

Freedom of the, 57.

Marine league, 54-56.
Navigation of, 57.
Piracy, 61, 62.

Ship canals, 62-63.

Straits, 59-60.

Submarine telegraph cables, 64-
65.

Servitudes (see Territory), 68-69.

Creation of, 68, 69.

Definition of, 68.