German Fritters.-Cut some slices of bread half an inch thick, remove the crust, and soak them in milk: beat up two eggs, pour them over the bread, and fry it in butter; strew powdered sugar over the fritters. Sally Lunn Pudding.-Scoop out a piece from the under side of a Sally Lunn cake in such a way as not to injure the upper crust, and replace it; then put the cake into a basin that just holds it, pour boiling milk over it, and let it soak in the milk for three hours. Mix one egg well beaten, with a glass of white wine, a little spice and sugar, and having taken out the piece previously scooped out, stir in these ingredients, still taking care not to break the top crust. Replace the piece, and the basin having been well buttered, fill it quite up with bread-crums, and boil three-quarters of an hour.

Soda Scones.-Put as much flour as required into a basin, and add salt to taste, and rub some butter or lard into it; have some sour buttermilk ready in a jug, as much as will be wanted to blend the flour in the basin: mix a good-sized teaspoonful of carbonate of soda in half a teacupful of cold water, and when well stirred pour it into the buttermilk, which will effervesce, and while it is in this state use it to mix the flour into a soft paste, which must be rolled out into round cakes, then cut into quarters, and baked on both sides on a girdle. The more sour the buttermilk the better; and if this cannot be procured, any sour milk may be substituted for it-indeed, the juice of a lemon is sometimes used instead, and gives a nice flavor. Baking powder will do, but it does not answer so well.

Caramel Custards.—1. Put a handful of loaf-sugar in a saucepan with a little water, and set it on the fire until it becomes a dark brown caramel, when you add more water (boiling) to produce a dark liquor like strong coffee. Beat up the yelks of six eggs with a little milk; strain, add one pint of milk (sugar to taste) and as much caramel liquor (cold) as will give the mixture the desired color. Put the mixture in a water bath, and stir it on the fire, as you would an ordinary custard, until it thickens. Pour into custard glasses, and serve.

2. Having prepared the mixture as above, pour it into a well-buttered mould; put this in cold water; then place the apparatus on a gentle fire, taking care that the water does not boil. Half an hour's steaming will set the custard, which you then turn out and

serve.

3. Flavor the milk by boiling a piece of vanilla or a stick of cinnamon in it. Let it get cold, then compound the custard.

By using the white of one or two eggs in addition to the six yelks, the chances of the custard not breaking are made more certain, if it is intended to turn it out instead of serving it in glasses.

Imperial Rice.-Boil three tablespoonfuls of rice picked and washed clean, in a pint of milk, with sugar to taste, and a piece of vanilla; when quite done, put it into a basin to get cold. Make a custard with a gill of milk and the yelks of four eggs; when cold, mix it with the rice. Beat up into a froth a gill of cream with some sugar and a pinch of isinglass dissolved in a little water; mix this very lightly with the rice and custard, fill a mould with the mixture, and set it on ice. When moderately iced, turn it out, and serve with any cold jam sauce or a sweet salad of fruits round it, such as strawberries.

Apple Soufflé.-Boil some apples with very little water, plenty of lump-sugar, and a few cloves or a little cinnamon, until you get a well-reduced marmalade, which you pass through a hair-sieve. Mix a very little potato flour with a gill of milk; stir it over the fire until it thickens; add the yelks of four eggs,

and as much apple marmalade as will give you a mixture of the proper consistency, work it well so as to get it of a uniform smoothness, then add the whites of six eggs in the usual way. A little fresh butter may be added to this form of soufflé, but it is by no means necessary.

Italian Rice Pudding.-A teacup of rice, the yelks of four eggs, the whites of three beaten separately, two ounces of pounded sugar, two ounces of raisins, a quarter pound of suet chopped very fine, flavoring of ratafia or vanilla. Put these ingredients into a mould, and boil an hour and a half. Serve with brandy or sweet sauce.

MISCELLANEOUS.

To Clean Paint.-Provide a plate with some of the best whiting to be had, and have ready some clean warm water and a piece of flannel, which dip into the water and squeeze nearly dry; then take as much whiting as will adhere to it, apply it to the painted surface, when a little rubbing will instantly remove any dirt or grease. After which, wash the part well with clean water, rubbing it dry with a soft wash-leather. Paint thus cleansed looks as well as when first laid on, without any injury to the most delicate colors. It is far better than using soap, and does not require more than half the time and labor.

Pearl Barley, with water, simmered to a jelly, is a valuable food for infants. Strain all seeds, etc., before it gets cold. Mix with a due quantity of milk, or without milk if preferred, and give it warm. This

is a happy medium between oatmeal and arrowroot.

Whitening Ivory.-An approved method of whitening ivory that has turned yellow, consists in heating a thin chalk paste in a vessel over a fire, and then immersing the ivory and leaving it until it has reached the proper degree of whiteness. It is then to be taken out, dried and polished off. This method is preferred by a German writer to one that has been a good deal in use, namely, placing the ivory in a saturated solution of alum for an hour, and afterwards rubbing it off with a woollen cloth, and then wrapping it in a linen one, in which it is to be allowed to dry.

Cleaning.-All saucepans, copper or otherwise, and all bright tins, dish covers, etc., ought if possible to be cleaned every week. Spanish whiting and sweetoil, made into a paste, rubbed on and allowed to stand a little, then wiped off, and the things polished with a leather and dry whiting, will make tins and dish covers look very nice. Copper saucepans should always be put away dry, or they will become covered with verdigris. Decidedly plates on the dresser, whether in use or not, should be taken down and dusted every week, and once a fortnight at least the dresser itself should be scrubbed. Of course the time the cook has for this sort of thing depends on how much cooking she has to do, and whether she has both early and late dinners; but, with manage. ment (unless she assists in the housework) she ought to have time for all.

Pudding Cloths, however coarse, ought never to be washed with soap; they should be dried as quickly as possible, and kept dry and free from dust, and in a drawer or cupboard free from smell.

A Good Lip-Salve, useful for chaps, etc., is made of equal parts of almond or olive oil, and the best white wax: melt the latter in a clean gallipot, set at the side of the fire, then add the oil.

All Green Vegetables of the cabbage kind should be chosen with large, close, firm hearts; when fresh the leaves are crisp and brittle; when stale they are lank and drooping.

THE AGE OF DIAMONDS.

In the history of mankind, according to the classic poets, matters have been constantly going from bad to worse-at least, since the lapse from the earliest stage of all. The Ages of Gold, of Silver, and of Brass, and of Iron, have succeeded one another in a course of steady deterioration. The only comfort was that, being now in the Iron Age, we could not possibly sink any further. But the classic poets were evidently not prophets. They did not know that beneath their lowest deep there was one still lower, and that the hard but honest Age of Iron was to be succeeded by the Age of Diamonds.

Of late years, and more particularly since the baleful influence of the Second Empire in France has been felt, readers of newspapers have remarked with ever-increasing surprise the growth of the pas sion for costly feminine adornments, especially in jewelry. At the fashionable assemblies in our great cities, and particularly at the National Capital, ladies appear displaying in these useless ornaments wealth enough to make many poor families comfortable. The diamonds of Mrs. A., the rubies of Mrs. B., the pearls of Mrs. C., are carefully recorded by the reporters, and frequently an estimate of their value is given for the astonishment and mortification of their less opulent sisters. That the purpose of these ornaments is not to give pleasure by their beauty is shown by the fact that for this object imitations would answer quite as well. Every one knows that false stones and pearls are now made so closely resembling the real articles that jewellers cannot detect them on mere inspection, and are obliged to satisfy themselves by chemical and other tests.

A

The only purpose for which these costly gewgaws are worn is therefore the mere ostentation of wealth. And it is ostentation in its least excusable form. great and sumptuous mansion gives employment to many persons in building and furnishing it, and to many more in keeping up the kind of life which it demands. Then the spacious rooms and elegant furniture do at least afford comfort and pleasure to the household and their guests. But a tiara of diamonds, or a necklace of pearls, can yield no possible gratification to any human being. Their only object is to proclaim to the world that the wearer, or her husband, can afford, and is willing, to expend a large sum of money for the sole purpose of outshining others.

The evil influences of this love of display have of late years spread far and wide, until the whole community has become alarmed at some of the consequences. Before the first century of our national existence had closed, republican simplicity and publie virtue seemed to be passing away, and an era of vulgar ostentation and bold dishonesty to be inaugurated. No political party can be specially blamed, for members of all parties were conspicuous offenders. Nor is it just to accuse women, as some are inclined to do, and to find the causes in feminine vanity and frivolity. The true sources of the evil are to be looked for in the coarse materialism, the worship of wealth, and the contempt for higher aims and spiritual improvement, which have for years past been infecting and degrading society. It will

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be fortunate, indeed, if the sudden and severe check in our commercial prosperity shall help, with the startling developments that have lately been made, to awake the national conscience, and bring about a change for the better.

As for expensive jewelry, and costly and showy attire, let it be understood that the taste for these things is simply a relic of barbarism, and will surely disappear as civilization advances. There has been already a remarkable improvement in this respect. Only two centuries ago, at the Courts of Charles the Second of England, and Louis the Fourteenth of France, and indeed at every Court in Europe, the men were as expensively and showily dressed as the women, and shone like them in satins, laces, and jewels. We read of their butterfly gauds and examine their portraits with wonder and amusement. Their descendants, ten times as rich, are satisfied with the plain and manly attire of the present day, costing perhaps not a tenth part of what their ancestors expended for the purpose, and certainly far more comfortable and convenient. If the Age of Diamonds has thus passed away for one half the buman race in civilized Europe and America, we may reasonably hope to see it speedily disappear for the other and more impressionable half. The love of elegance and beauty will always be one of the chief graces and charms of woman. But elegance does not imply useless expense and pretentious display. The time will doubtless come when costly and showy attire will be deemed a mark of bad taste in either sex, and when she hardly will think of expending more for her apparel and ornaments than her husband or her brother would require for the like purpose. To some readers this prophecy, however welcome-and welcome we are sure it will be to the best of our lady readers-will seem to belong to the distant future; but events march rapidly, as the French say, in our time. Vast political and social changes have marked the last half century. Even less time than that may see our true-hearted women emancipated from the slavery of expensive fashions, and a source of much public and private evil dried up forever.

THE LIFE OF LORD MACAULAY.*

It is a natural desire to know something of the private life and character of a great writer; and almost all celebrated authors in modern times have had their lives written in some fashion, so that we can associate the man with his works, and add to our enjoyment of his books the pleasure which is akin to personal acquaintance with the writer. This pleas ure is now within the reach of all readers of Lord Macaulay's History or Essays; and it will intensify the enjoyment which rhetoric so fine and reasoning so lucid as his must always impart.

The first impression which the book gives is that of the blamelessness of Macaulay's life. Very rarely does a man pass his days in the turmoil of party politics, the labors of administration, the incessant toll of literature, and leave a record at which even an enemy could hardly cavil. Macaulay was not a milk

*The Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. By his nephew, G. Otto Trevelyan. In two volumes. Harper & Brothers, New York.

sop or a pug; he was full of life and vigor, and, in his younger days, of the wildest animal spirits; but his intense fondness and affection for his family, and especially for his sisters, turned his exuberance into a source of pure enjoyment. Lady Trevelyan thus describes the family at Clapham:

"To us he was an object of passionate love and devotion. His unruffled sweetness of temper, his unfailing flow of spirits, his amusing talk, all made his presence so delightful that his wishes and his tastes were our law. He hated strangers, and his notion of perfect happiness was to see us all working around him while he read aloud a novel, and then to walk all together on the Common, or to have a fearfully noisy game of hide-and-seek. My earliest recollections speak of the intense happiness of the holidays, beginning with finding him in papa's room in the morning; the awe at the idea of his having reached home in the dark, after we were in bed, and the saturnalia which at once set in; no lessons; nothing but fun and merriment for the whole six weeks. In the year 1816 we were at Brighton for the summer holidays, and he read to us 'Sir Charles Grandison.' It was always a habit in our family to read aloud every evening. Among the books selected, I can recall Clarendon, Burnet, Shakspeare (a great treat when my mother took the volume), Miss Edgeworth, Mackenzie's Lounger and Mirror, and, as a standing dish, the Edinburgh and the Quarterly Review. Poets, too, especially Scott and Crabbe, were constantly chosen. Poetry and novels, except during Tom's holidays, were forbidden in the daytime."

And this family affection remained the most powerful feeling in Macaulay's mind. He never married, never, indeed, seems to have had any inclination to marry; he lived with his sisters to the last, and the bitter grief at the death of Margaret breaks out again and again in his letters. When they married, though he smiled upon the event, his feeling was that of utter desolation. When his sister Margaret became engaged, he writes thus to Hannah, referring to the possibility of her own marriage:

"I have still one more stake to lose. There remains one event for which when it arrives I shall, I hope, be prepared. From that moment, with a heart formed, if ever any man's heart was formed, for domestic happiness, I shall have nothing left in this world but ambition. Dearest sister, you alone are now left to me. But for you, in the midst of these successes, I should wish that I were lying by poor Hyde Villiers."

*

* *

Hannah went with her brother to India, and there married Mr. Trevelyan, with Macaulay's full approbation; but his heart was well-nigh broken. He lived with his sister's family till the end of his life. She edited his works after his death; and her son has now, mainly from his uncle's own letters and from the family remembrances, drawn this striking and touching portrait of a man who gave the public his ripest thought, but showed it nothing of himself. The intense pleasure which Macaulay derived from books, which pervades his whole life, is best described in a passage from his nephew's book:

"The feeling with which Macaulay and his sister regarded books differed from that of other people in kind rather than in degree. When they were discoursing together about a work of history or biography, a bystander would have supposed that they had lived in the times of which the author treated, and had a personal acquaintance with every human being who was mentioned in his pages. Pepys, Addison, Horace Walpole, Dr. Johnson, Madame de Genlis, the Duc de Saint Simon, and the several societies in which those worthies moved, excited in their minds precisely the same kind of concern, and gave matter for discussions of exactly the same type, as most people bestow on the proceedings of their own contemporaries. The past was to them as the present, and the fictitious as the actual. The older novels, which had been the food of their early years, had become part of themselves to such an extent that in speaking to each other they frequently employed sentences from dialogues in those novels to express the idea, or even the business of the moment. On matters of the

street or of the household they would use the very language of Mrs. Elton and Mrs. Bennett, Mr. Woodhouse, Mr. Collins, and John Thorpe, and the other inimitable actors on Jane Austen's unpretentious stage, while they would debate the love affairs and the social relations of their own circle in a series of quotations from 'Sir Charles Grandison' or 'Eveilna. Macaulay thought it probable that he could rewrite 'Sir Charles Grandison' from memory, and certainly he might have done so with his sister's help."

We have dwelt especially upon his home life as that which would most immediately appeal to our readers. Such a character as his will appeal at once to the sympathy and admiration of women, as his public career and literary ability will interest men. Biography affords few instances of a life so pure, so useful, and so noble.

LADY HELPS.

THE experiment of engaging educated ladies to assist in household work in place of ordinary servants -treating them, of course, as members of the family-which has been tried lately in England from benevolent motives, and with good success, is, it ap pears, repeated in other cases as a matter of necessity. A London newspaper, the Graphic, gives an account, which is at once lively and lamentable, of the straits to which housekeepers in that city are of late years reduced in their search for domestics-of whom the supply, for some reason, has become surprisingly scarce. We are told that "if a lady in

quest of a maid goes to one of the registry offices, where, in former days, she would have found a row of cooks, housemaids, and nurses waiting to be hired, she now only comes in contact with a number of dejected 'missuses' who have arrived on the same errand as herself." And further, it is stated, "if you advertise for a maid, it is quite possible, unless you offer some special attraction, such as 'no knives, no windows, no children,' which we lately saw in an advertisement, that you won't get a single answer. Announce yourself, on the other hand, as a plain cook or a general servant wanting a place, and letters will rain upon you as they rain upon a pretty young lady on St. Valentine's day." The remedy which was found in one instance for this sad state of things is thus described:-.

"A lady of our acquaintance, of limited income, with five young children, experienced extreme diff culty in getting a nurse. She advertised for such a domestic, but received no replies. At length perceiving, unlike Juliet, that there is a great deal in a name, she put forth the following advertisement: Wanted, a young lady to take the entire charge of four young children, and to assist in the lighter parts of the house work.' She received (will you believe it, despairing missuses ?) fifty answers, and she engaged a young lady, to whom she pays £12 a year, who washes and dresses the children, and who is almost too willing to do housework. We may add that she has her meals with the family."

The writer asks, "Does not this anecdote afford some prospect of a solution of the servant-girl difflculty?" As furnishing some reply to the question, it may be mentioned that the system is one which has prevailed in the rural parts of England, as many of our readers are aware, from time immemorial. But with the progress of society it seems not to extend, but rather to die out, even in this land of equality. There appear to be reasons which make it difficult, if not impossible, to adopt the system in all branches of domestic service. There is one department, however, in which it might be made general with very great advantage, and that is the special department to which the foregoing anecdote relates-the care of young children. Every good mother must desire that her children should, from their infancy, be un

der the charge of well-instructed and well-mannered persons. There are many educated ladies in straitened circumstances, who are foud of children, and who would gladly enter a household to take charge of them, and to assist at the same time in other departments, if they could do so on terms of social equality. There seems no reason why such an arrangement should not be made in many instances, to the great benefit of the children, and the infinite relief of the mistress of the family. It would at the same time have the advantage of furnishing congenial and useful occupation to a large class of intelligent women, whose talents and education now go to waste. With a view to these good results, the example reported by the writer in the Graphic is particu. larly commended to the attention of all “despairing missuses" with limited incomes, who are struggling wearily with the perplexing problems of nursery government and household economy.

SONG FOR THE LITTLE FOLK.

WHERE SHALL WE GO?
WHERE shall we go?
The glorious sun is rising fast,
And morn's cool hours will be past,-
Where shall we go?.

In the morn the heart is lightest,
In the morn the mind is brightest,
Morning is the hour for study-
Now to school-'tis time already;
There will we go.

Where shall we go?

The scorching noon-tide heat is passed, And fleecy clouds the sky o'ercast;

Where shall we go?

Down the vale and o'er the mountain,
Through the grove, beside the fountain,
Resting in the pleasant bowers,
Culling all the brightest flowers-
There will we go.

Where shall we go?

The evening shadows lengthen fast,
The sun's low, level rays are cast;
Where shall we go?

Home, to greet our gentle mother,
Kindest father, sister, brother!

All our sweetest flowers we'll give them
Oh, how gladly they'll receive them!
Home let us go!

THE CLASSIFICATION OF POETS. How many first-class poets have we in America? It is a question on which, unfortunately, opinions will differ very widely. A liberal view might make several hundred, including, of course, all the poetical contributors to the LADY'S BOOK. Our critical contemporary, the Weekly Aristarchus, would, we fear, limit us to three or four, if, indeed, it would allow us so many. In India, or at all events in the Punjaub, it appears that a method has been found of solving the difficulty. The eminent French linguist, M. Garcin de Tassy, in his Review of the Literature of Hindostan for 1875, informs us that there are now in that portion of India seventy-four poets, of whom fourteen belong to the first rank, sixteen to the second, twenty-seven to the third, and the remainder to the fourth. The statement has excited some curiosity among literary men in England, and anxious inquiries have been made as to the rules by which the rank of a poet is determined. Does promotion go by seniority (it is asked), as in the army, or by examination, as in the civil service, or by popular vote? The latter would rather seem to be the case, as M. Garcin de Tassy states that monthly assemblies are held, in which the newest pieces are reviewed, discussed, and decided upon. These monthly

assemblies probably take the place which is held by monthly magazines in countries where printing is more in vogue. They have the advantage that popu lar opinion on the merits of a production can be taken at once, and decided by a show of hands. This was, we must remember, the method in use among the Greeks, in the days of Sophocles and Pindar, and some illustrious poets were then produced. It was somewhat in this way, also, that the greatness of Shakspeare was made known. It may be that for eliciting genius, printing is rather a hindrance than a help. In that case the good-natured ridicule with which M. Garcin de Tassy's statement has been received in Europe would seem somewhat out of place. It is possible that if we understood the language of the Punjaub, we should find the fourteen first-class poets of that region quite equal to our own-whoever these may be. International exhibitions should teach international modesty, as much in literature as in other matters.

A HOUSEKEEPER'S CO-OPERATIVE STORE. A VERY useful suggestion to our ladies of good business talents and a practical turn of mind will be found in a piece of news which comes from Vienna. We are told that a number of ladies in that city have established a co-operative store for the sale of household articles at wholesale prices. Whenever and wherever an attempt of this kind is made, it must be borne in mind that the success or failure will depend mainly on the management. Under a good directing committee, willing to give sufficient time and attention to the work, such a store, in any of our large towns, could hardly fail to be successful, and would be very useful. One cause of the high prices which are paid at ordinary stores is to be found in the fact that, to ensure a reasonable return to the merchant, the profits from his good customers must compensate for the losses from others. In a co-operative store, under proper management, there will be none but paying customers, who will have the satisfaction of knowing that they get the full value of the money they lay out-a great satisfaction to every careful housekeeper.

MISS WHATELY'S MISSION IN EGYPT.-Miss Whately, daughter of the late distinguished Archbishop of Dublin, is now conducting in Egypt, at her own expense, an educational work among the poorest class of peasants or "fellahs," devoting herself particularly to the instruction of the women. A correspondent of an English paper writes: "She has given more than money to this work of charity-the treasures of her youth, the comforts of her home, the society of friends and kindred. She may be termed the Florence Nightingale of peace. Others have sentimentalized over the Fellahs; she has come down to their level, in order to bring their children up to hers. She and her work are highly appreciated by Christian and Moslem here, and by none more so than by the Khedive himself."

BROWN EYES, BLUE EYES, BLACK EYES.-That the color of eyes should affect their strength may seem strange; yet that such is the case need not at this time of day be proved; and those whose eyes are brown or dark-colored should be informed that they are weaker and more susceptible of injury, from va rious causes, than gray or blue eyes. Light-blue eyes are generally the most powerful, and next to those are gray. The lighter the pupil, the greater and longer continued is the degree of tension which the eye can sustain.

Health Department.

INFLAMMATION.

External Inflammation in general is characterized by four symptoms, either of which occurs by itself in other forms of disease, but not grouped together. These are 1st, swelling; zd, pain; 3d, redness; and 4th, heat. Whenever, therefore, these four symptoms coexist, there is said to be inflamination present. It would occupy too much space to show here the exact nature and cause of each of those symptoms, but it will be sufficient to allude to them as together making up the condition which is called inflammation. When these are severe in degree, there is always fever accompanying them.

Internal Inflammations are only recognized by the occurrence of pain and disturbance of function, generally accompanied with acceleration of the pulse and with fever of a kind termed inflammatory. In parts which are within the reach of pressure the pain is aggravated by it, and this is the chief means of forming an opinion in inflammation of the bowels and adjacent parts-the aggravation on a full inspiration being the mode in which it is tested in inflammation of the lungs. The disturbance of function in secreting organs consists in increase, diminution; or suppression of the secretion peculiar to each, varying according to the degree of inflammation. In the brain there is delirium, or entire loss of mental function, constituting what is called coma; in the eye or ear there is intolerance of light or sound; and in the lungs there is difficulty of breathing, with increased frequency in the respiration and alteration in the secretions, generally accompanied with cough.

The Inflammatory Fever is ushered in with shivering, pain in the head and back, and other symptoms of fever, frequent, full, and hard pulse, disturbed sleep, and more or less delirium. There is an aggravation of these symptoms towards night.

Inflammation is modified by the structure which it attacks. Thus, when it seizes on the serous membranes, a quantity of serum or lymph is thrown out, and there is a tendency to form adhesions. Such is the case in pleurisy and inflammation of the external coat of the bowels. When the mucous membrane is attacked, mucus, pus, and sometimes coagulable lymph are secreted, succeeded, in bad cases, by ulceration, but never by adhesion. These occur in bronchitis and inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach, bowels, and bladder. In inflammation of the cellular tissue, serum is thrown out, causing swelling, or in worse cases coagulable lymph, or pus from which an abscess results. In the cellular membrane of internal organs, as the lungs and liver, inflammation, when acute, leads to softening and a deposit of pus, or when more chronic, to hardening or consolidation, by the deposit of coagulable lymph. Fibrous tissues, such as tendon and ligament, are prone to gangrene or ulceration. Then, lastly, the skin, when inflamed, becomes variously affected, sometimes sustaining a deposit of serum under its cuticle in various forms, as large and small vesicles, blebs, etc., and sometimes being merely raised into papular patches, or into scales, as in leprosy.

Pleurisy is attended with severe pain on inspiration, referred to some part of the chest. There is little or no cough, but considerable fever, and a frequent hard and strong pulse. Blood-letting is required in most cases, with energetic treatment by calomel and opium, sometimes joined to antimony.

Pneumonia, which is inflammation of the substance of the lungs, is attended also with pain on inspiration, but of a more dull character, and accompanied by cough, and an expectoration of tough, thick, and stringy mucus of a transparent appear. ance, but tinged with a rusty color. The chief test is the sound on using the stethoscope, which gives a peculiar crackling. The pulse is full and hard, and there is considerable fever. The treatment consists in bleeding in severe cases, followed by the use of calomel, opium, and antimony, in large doses. Here, however, the aid of the physician should at once be called in.

Bronchitis occurs in every degree, from the slight "cold and cough" to the severe form which often carries off its victim in two or three days. There is considerable fever accompanying this disease, followed by cough, without much increase of pain on inspiration, and sometimes with, and sometimes without, expectoration. If present, it is frothy and more or less thick and yellow. Very often there is audible wheezing, accompanied with rattling sound in the chest, or hissing, or bubbling, as if making soap-bubbles. The breathing is generally, but not always, quicker than natural. The treatment consists either in relieving the inflammation by producing a discharge of mucus, or by causing it to disperse by the astringent power of certain medicines which seem to act with specific force. Counter-irritation is the most safe and valuable remedy for bronchitis within the reach of domestic medicine. It may be applied to children, either in the form of the common Burgundy-pitch plaster, or by suspending a piece of spongio-piline round the neck so as to cover the front of the chest, and sprinkling upon the inner surface of it some embrocation. Blisters, also, are within the reach of the mother's skill, as they are seldom misapplied in acute diseases of the lungs, pleurisy being the exception; and if there is cough, they will always do more or less good. If the symptoms are urgent, the medical attendant should be summoned ; but in many mild cases, some one of the expectorant medicines already given will often give relief. In the bronchitis of children which is the usual severe cough so common at that age, there is nothing so good as ipecacuanha and rhubarb, with soda. The dose varying with the age.

Literary Cotices.

From R. NEWELL & SON, Philadelphia:

OLD LANDMARKS AND RELICS OF PHILADELPHIA. This is a collection of six photographic views, with accompanying descriptions, of Independence Hall, the building in which the first American flag was made, exterior and interior of Carpenter's Hall, where the first Congress was held in 1774, Washington's carriage, and the first brick house built in Philadelphia.