He ran in order to save his life, but in the effort was frightfully mangled with the buckshot fired after him. He made his way to Atlanta, where, I am informed, he died from the effect of his wounds. 8. In Fannin County, about the middle of August, 1977, Mr. W. F. M. Greenway, while gathering fruit in his orchard, was shot with buckshot and mortally wounded. It is known that Mr. Greenway rendered aid to revenue officers in their operations against illicit distillers, and for this threats had been made which were executed by his brutal assassination. The assassin concealed himself behind a large stump around which had sprung up undergrowth which afforded him seclusion, and when Mr. Greenway was reaching upward to gather the fruit he discharged the contents of his gun at Mr. Greenway. The shot struck him in the stomach and he expired in a few minutes. WOUNDED. 1. James McMicheal, deputy United States marshal, was dangerously stabbed by J. F. Greer, an illicit distiller in Butt's County, December, 1878. Greer accused McMicheal of having given information which led to the seizure of his (Greer's) illicit distillery. 2. John Moore (colored), while accompanying deputy marshals in Campbell County to point out the residence of illicit distillers for whom they had warrants, was fired upon by some men in ambush. His horse was killed by the volley, and he (Moore) severely wounded in the thigh. This guide has been a faithful servant of the government for several years, and has frequently suffered arrest and imprisonment on merely trumped-up charges, which were only part of an organized plan to place him in the hands of his enemies, the illicit distillers, under circumstances which would give them a favorable opportunity to assassinate him; but the prompt interposition of revenue officers in his behalf has always been the means of saving his life at such times. 3. Mr. Clayton, of Campbell County, suspected of being an informer, was attacked in his own house in March, 1877, by a band of illicit distillers masked, who fired upon him several times with deadly intent. As they closed in upon him, he, though wounded, succeeded, after knocking two of his assailants down with an axe, in making his escape, leaving his wife and children at the mercy of the ruffians. 4. D. J. Wigley, an informer and guide, on the night of January 23, 1879, was dangerously wounded in the head. 5. N. L. Alexander, a guide, was at the same time severely wounded in the hand. 6. A colored man driving the team was wounded with shot at the same time. These last three persons were in the raiding party into Cherokee County, and were fired upon by a party of illicit distillers ambushed at the roadside. 7. James P. Prater was wounded in the foot in an encounter with illicit distillers in Rabun County, in the month of February, 1879. Prater was a guide. 8. Doc. Smith, of Habersham County, was shot and badly wounded by illicit disfillers from Rabun County, in March, 1879. Five illicit distilleries had been broken up in Rabun County a short time previous, and Smith had aided his brothers in making up the information. 9. Miles McKinney, a colored man residing in Gwinnett County, was, in June, 1878, attacked on the road to his home from a neighboring village by five men, who, after charging him with giving information regarding the location of their illicit stills, beat him with clubs and heavy whips until he was almost dead, leaving him with the threat that "if they were arrested they would kill him.” STATEMENT OF OUTRAGES. 1. Middleton Neal (colored), informer, was seized on the highway in Franklin County, daring the autumn of 1878, by a party of illicit distillers, who compelled him to accompany them nearly fourteen miles out of his way, with the avowed purpose of killing him. Occasionally, on the route, they stood the poor colored man up for a sort of target, and shot at him, merely to torment him by trying how close they could make their bullets go to his body without striking it. One of the balls, however, struck him on the shoulder. By the intervention of some good citizens the distillers finally released the old man from custody. 2. In June, 1878, a young man (name unknown) wandered into an illicit distillery in Habersham County, operated by Thomas Whitworth. Being suspected of obtaining information for revenue officers, he was taken off into the woods, knocked in the head with an ax, and left for dead. He recovered, after several hours and made his way to his friends; but his injuries came very near proving fatal. 3. In March, 1879, a party of illicit distillers made an assault upon an old gentleman named John Gilbert, living near Toccoa, Habersham County, who had given information of illicit operations. Mr. Gilbert's wife came to his aid, when both of them were knocked down and seriously injured. 4. About January 1, 1879, a party of disguised men attacked and nearly killed James Goddard, in Towns County. Goddard was an informer and guide. And shortly after the above occurrence his barn and contents were burned. 5. In Lumpkin County, July, 1878, a party of eight men, disguised, went at night and seized, bound, and shamefully whipped Joseph Bonner, an informer. 6. On the same night, and in the same county and neighborhood, a party of six masked men bound and whipped G. W. Hendricks, whom they accused of being an informer against them. 7. In Union County, during the month of August, 1878, the residence of William Woody was fired into by illicit distillers. Nine bullets were found to have penetrated the door and side of the house. On the same night, seven of Mr. Woody's hogs were killed, it is supposed by the same men who fired into his dwelling. 8. Adolphus Simmons, of Lumpkin County, on account of his having aided revenue officers, has had burned, at different times during the past year, a large amount of fencing, an out-building used as a fruit distillery, and his barn with entire contents. He also had an ox killed by illicit distillers. 9. John B. Graham, of Lumpkin County, had his mill, cotton-gin, and wool-carder (all located in one building, and valued at $2,500) totally destroyed by fire. He had been openly accused of giving revenue officers information, and this was the revenge of the law-breakers upon him. 10. In September, 1878, a Mrs. Bivins, residing in Fannin County, accompanied by her son, was en route to Atlanta on business. Their conveyance was a country wagon. They were overhauled in the public road by a party of about ten men, disguised, who prevented them from pursuing their journey. Her son jumped from the wagon and fled into the woods, while their assailants discharged their guns after him. None of their shots struck him, however, and he made good his escape. His mother, being left at the mercy of the ruffians, was shamefully beaten. Her wagon was cut and broken to pieces, and she was obliged to make her way home as best she could. The assailants warned her that if she again attempted to leave her home for Atlanta she would be killed outright. Mrs. Bivins was accused of aiding revenue officers and giving information of illicit distillers. 11. In Murray County, during April, 1879, William Wilson, informer and witness against violators of revenue laws, while en route to Dalton to testify before the United States commissioner, was assaulted by a party of disguised men, who beat him with clubs and detained him long enough to prevent his reaching his destination in time to testify in the cases. Owing to this violent treatment and hinderance, Mr. Wilson's testimony was not given, and the parties against whom he was an important witness were discharged from custody. 12. In April, 1878, near Shoal Creek, Habersham County, John Murray, a resident, was decoyed into a wood at night by one Tom Roberts, an illicit distiller, who suspected him of giving information, and knocked in the head with an ax. He was left for dead, but recovered and made his way to his home. 13. In 1877 Charles Garner, residing near Rockmart, Polk County, had his residence burned by parties who accused him of aiding and giving information to revenue officers. 14. William Strange, esq., deputy United States marshal, lost at different times during the months of May and June, 1878, a horse and three valuable mules, which he asserts were all poisoned by illicit distillers residing near him, whose business had been interrupted by his official presence. Mr. Strange then lived at his home in Walker County, but as open threats against his person and property were frequent, he removed his family to another county, where they could remain in comparative safety while he was absent in the discharge of his official duties. Total killed, 8; total wounded, 9; other outrages, 14. There have been numerous outrages perpetrated upon deputy United States marshals, guides, witnesses, and others during the period embraced in this report, to obtain the facts in which will require much time and cause delay in your office. Very respectfully, Hon. GREEN B. RAUM, Commissioner, Washington, D. C. ANDREW CLARK, Collector. UNITED STATES INTERNAL REVENUE, COLLECTOR'S OFFICE, SECOND DISTRICT OF GEORGIA, SIR: I am in receipt of official information that the residence of two gentlemen, named Pool, residing in Pickens County, was forcibly entered on the the night of June 28, ultimo, by a party of men, some of whom had been arrested for violation of the revenue laws. The party numbered five men, all armed with shot-guns, and, as they burst in the door, began firing upon the Messrs. Pool while they were in their beds. The wife and child of one of the Pools were in the same apartment, and miraculously escaped death by fleeing from the building in the darkness. D. G. Pool was desperately wounded, and is not expected to recover. His brother, Orlando Pool, was killed outright in cold blood. It is stated that D. G. Pool had made an affidavit against James Mann for violation of the internal-revenue laws, and that both he and his brother were suspected of having given information against persons engaged in the illicit traffic. The circumstances preceding the assault on them confirm the statement that this belief caused the terrible results which followed. Several men were arrested, and, although Mrs. Pool swore positively to the identity of some of them, they proved alibi and were discharged. In some of the press notices of the affair it is stated that the Messrs. Pool were relatives of a deputy United States marshal. This, however, is not the case, as they are related to Wm. Pool, my deputy collector at Cartersville. The state of feeling throughout my district is becoming daily more bitter. Very respectfully, Hon. GREEN B. RAUM, Commissioner, Washington, D. C. ANDREW CLARK, Collector. I regret to say that the amnesty.of President Grant to illicit distillers in the second district of Georgia failed to arouse in the minds of offenders a proper respect for the laws. The opposition to their enforcement has been organized, fierce, and malignant. From June 30, 1877, to January 1, 1880, in this district 391 illicit distilleries have been seized, and 951 persons arrested for illicit distillation. Four officers and employés have been killed and twelve wounded while in the discharge of their duties. During the present winter illicit distillers have been specially active in their operations and vigorous in their opposition to our officers. During the month of January and part of the month of February just passed 42 illicit stills have been seized and 54 illicit distillers arrested, and in addition to the foregoing seizures during the past threeyears a great number of horses, mules, oxen, and wagons, employed in the transportation of illicit whisky, have also been seized, as will be shown by the preceding correspondence and reports. 1880. Synopsis of correspondence. Feb. 12. Collector Clark reports the seizure of stills, arrest of distillers, and condition of affairs in his district. Feb. 17. Deputy Collector Shepard reports assault on and serious wounding by unknown parties in Toccoa of Adolphus Welborn, who had been his guide in Rabun County. Feb. 18. Deputy Collector Fort reports an unsuccessful attempt to seize an illicit dis- UNITED STATES INTERNAL REVENUE, Atlanta, February 12, 1880. SIR: I have the honor to report the seizure of two illicit distilleries in the famous"Barker Settlement," in Forsyth County. The information against them was furnished by a notorious old "blockader" named Hansard, who assigned as his reason for informing upon his neighbors that he had "been on the other side long enough to find out it did not pay"; and this really appears to have been the only incentive. Deputy Shepard seized and destroyed a large illicit distillery in Rabun County on the night of the 9th instant, which was operated by an old offender named Bramlette, Deputy Shepard's party returned by way of Clarksville, Habersham County, where they met, as per appointment, United States Deputy Marshal Gaston, for the purpose of arresting one Benj. C. Martin, an old and defiant violator of the law. The house in which Martin was supposed to be concealed was promptly surrounded and his arrest was effected without difficulty, although he made a bold effort to escape from the roof of the building. I am unable to note any change in the aspect of affairs as respects violations of law in this district. Information of illicit operations is received almost daily at this office and communicated to the various deputy collectors. I am reliably informed that three teams conveying illicit spirits passed through Gwinnett County a few day since, under an armed guard of nine men, three to each team. Our officers seized the two teams reported by telegraph on 9th instant, in this locality. Very respectfully, SIR: Adolphus Wellborn, my Rabun County guide, was assaulted last night in a store in Tocca by some unknown party, and knocked in the head with a weight, and his skull fractured. The wound is a serious one, but, I trust, not fatal. From the best evidence I can get, he must have been decoyed in for that purpose. The singular part of it all is that no one seems to have any idea who did the deed. There is no doubt, however, but that it was on account of his connection with the service. He has been threatened for a long time, and I was not much surprised when I heard of the deed. No person connected with the service is safe unless he has a reputation for courage and fearlessness that will deter the ruffians who make up such a large part of the population, from attacking them. Wellborn has no such reputation, and this class have selected him as a good subject upon whom to vent their spleen. I only want the time to teach them a lesson they will not soon forget. Respectfully, UNITED STATES INTERNAL REVENUE, DEPUTY COLLECTOR'S OFFICE, DISTRICT OF GEORGIA, SIR: On the night of the 14th of February instant I made an ansuccessful attempt to seize the illicit distillery of one Beach Farmer, in Haralson County. The circumstances are as follows: I proceeded to within 150 yards of the distillery, after having passed through what I firmly believe was a complete line of pickets, and was advancing to make the seizure, when I heard a considerable disturbance at Farmer's house, some 300 yards off, and Í then halted in order to ascertain the cause. In a few minutes I could hear men runing down from Farmer's house to the distillery. They went to the still-house, and with much cursing directed those in the distillery to "get up and get their guns.” For a moment all was confusion; then an ominous quiet prevailed. I concealed myself near the road leading to the still-house, and with the guide and one man (employed) concluded to await developments. I stad there about thirty minutes, and could hear low conversation and several men on all sides of us slowly walking through the bushes. I concluded that it would be very foolish for me to attempt to make the seizure with only one man to aid me, and I therefore retraced. my steps, and, after cautiously rounding a house where I had heard some men who were on the watch, I came to a deep creek. In the meantime, men were yelling and guns were being fired in all directions. Upon reaching the creek I heard some one utter a low whistle, and after a little while two men left the bushes and went over towards Farmer's house. I infer from the character of these people, and from what the guide tells me, that they always guard their distilleries when they make a “doubling," and I have been frequently notified by my friends in that county that these distillers in question would kill me at the first favorable opportunity, and for no other cause than that I tried to do my duty as an officer and effect the destruction of their distilleries. Doc Warmack, Bob Bently, Pope Bowman, and others have made these threats, and have said that they would not submit to arrest. There are not less than ten illicit distilleries now in operation in the vicinity of Tallapoosa, Haralson County, and I hope to have four or five located in a few days, when I shall request you to furnish me with ten or twelve well-armed, resolute men. It is my conviction that a smaller force cannot do any work in that neighborhood without incurring great risk, and then be compelled to leave their work undone. These men are desperate, and force is absolutely necessary to the enforcement of the law. Respectfully, ANDREW CLARK, Esq., Collector. H. W. POST, Deputy Collector. P. S.-There are warrants for the parties named on the preceding page now in the hands of Deputy United States Marshal Pirkle, of Carrollton, and have been for three months.-H. W. P. UNITED STATES INTERNAL REVENUE, COLLECTOR'S OFFICE, DISTRICT OF GEORGIA, Atlanta, February 18, 1880. SIR: On last night, with two employed men, I seized a large grain-distillery in Donglas County, said to be operated by Anderson & Mitchell, assisted by the Tucker family, consisting of one 80-gallon still, cap, and worm, 1,500 gallons beer and mash, 60 gallons low wines, 6 bushels meal and malt. The distillery was guarded by five men; one of them leveled a pistol at me, but I had the drop on him and made him surrender. This was an old set of violators who have banded together and had said they did not intend to allow their distillery seized. We brought out still, cap, and worm, and destroyed the balance. Respectfully, ANDREW CLARK, Esq., Collector Internal Revenue. While the preceding reports, letters, and telegrams give full information of the recent operations against illicit distillers in the second district of Georgia, the resolution calls for all papers, letters, reports, and other documentary evidence tending to explain the necessity for the employment of armed men at the instance of the Internal Revenue Bureau, and which may give further information to the House of Representatives. It has been known to the officers of this bureau that for the last twelve or fifteen years great numbers of illicit distilleries have been operated in a number of the collection districts, by ignorant and desperate men, who frequently, organized and armed, were prepared to resist the officers of the United States whose duty it was to enforce the laws for the collection of the revenue. In 1876, soon after I became Commissioner of Internal Revenue, sufficient facts were brought to my notice to satisfy me that the government was being defrauded out of a large amount of internal revenue by the illicit manufacture and sale of both spirits and tobacco in several of the Southern States. I at once set to work to devise the best possible means for the suppression of these frauds. It was soon found that the ordinary force of internal revenue officers was totally inadequate to cope with |