person having custody of such child or to such wife, such sum per month as may be fixed by the court in order to thereby provide said minor child or said wife, as the case may be, with necessary food, clothing, shelter, or medical attendance, then the court may suspend proceedings or sentence therein; and said undertaking is valid and binding for six months; and upon the failure of defendant to comply with said undertaking, he may be ordered to appear before the court and show cause why further proceedings should not be had in said action or why sentence should not be imposed, whereupon the court may proceed with said action, or pass sentence, or for good cause shown may modify the order and take a new undertaking and further suspend proceedings or sentence for a like period. 1909-259.

270c. Every adult child, who having the ability so to do, fails to provide necessary food, clothing, shelter, or medical attendance for an indigent parent, is guilty of a misdemeanor. 1909-166. 270d. In any case where there is a conviction and sentence under the provision of either section 270 or section 270a, of this code should a fine be imposed, such fine may be directed by the court to be paid in whole or in part to the wife of the defendant or guardian or custodian of the child or children of such defendant. 1911-687.

270e. No other evidence shall be required to prove marriage of husband and wife, or that a person is the lawful father or mother of a child or children, than is or shall be required to prove such facts in a civil action. In all prosecutions under either section 270 or 270a of this code any existing provisions of law prohibiting the disclosure of confidential communications between husband and wife shall not apply, and both husband and wife shall be competent to testify to any and all revelant matters, including the fact of marriage and the parentage of a child or children. Proof of the abandonment and nonsupport of a wife, or of the omission to furnish necessary food, clothing, shelter, or medical attendance for a child or children is prima facie evidence that such abandonment and nonsupport or omission to furnish necessary food, clothing, shelter or medical attendance is willful.

1911-688.

271. Every parent of any child under the age of fourteen years, and every person to whom any such child has been confided for nurture, or education, who deserts such child in any place whatever with intent wholly to abandon it, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison or in the county jail not exceeding one year or by fine not exceeding five hundred dollars, or by both. 1909-297.

271a. Every person who knowingly and willfully abandons, or who, having ability so to do, fails or refuses to maintain his or her minor child under the age of fourteen years, or who falsely, knowing the same to be false, represents to any manager, officer

or agent of any orphan asylum or charitable institution for the care of orphans, that any child for whose admission into such asylum or institution application has been made is an orphan, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison, or in the county jail not exceeding one year, or by fine not exceeding five hundred dollars, or by both. 1909-297.

272. Any person, whether as parent, relative, guardian, employer, or otherwise, having the care, custody, or control of any child under the age of sixteen years, who exhibits, uses, or employs, or in any manner, or under any pretense, sells, apprentices, gives away, lets out, or disposes of any such child to any person, under any name, title, or pretense, for or in any business, exhibition, or vocation, injurious to the health or dangerous to the life or limb of such child, or in or for the vocation, occupation, service, or purpose of singing, playing on musical instruments, rope or wire walking, dancing, begging, or peddling, or as a gymnast, acrobat, contortionist, or rider, in any place whatsoever, or for or in any obscene, indecent or immoral purposes, exhibition, or practice whatsoever, or for or in any mendicant or wandering business whatsoever, or who causes, procures, or encourages such child to engage therein, is guilty of a misdemeanor, and punishable by a fine of not less than fifty nor more than two hundred and fifty dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail for a term not exceeding six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. Nothing in this section contained applies to or affects the employment or use of any such child, as a singer or musician in any church, school, or academy, or the teaching or learning of the science or practice of music; or the employment of any child as a musician at any concert or other musical entertainment, on the written consent of the mayor of the city or president of the board of trustees of the city or town where such concert or entertainment takes place. 1905-759.

273. Every person who takes, receives, hires, employs, uses, exhibits, or has in custody, any child under the age, and for any of the purposes mentioned in the proceeding section, is guilty of a like offense, and punishable by a like punishment as therein provided. 1905—759.

273a. Any person who willfully causes or permits any child to suffer, or who inflicts thereon unjustifible physical pain or mental suffering, and whoever, having the care or custody of any child, causes or permits the life or limb of such child to be endangered, or the health of such child to be injured, and any person who willfuly causes or permits such child to be placed in such situation that its life or limb may be endangered, or its health likely to be injured, is guilty of a misdemeanor. 1905-759.

273b. No child under the age of sixteen years must be placed in any prison, or place of confinement, or in any courtroom, or in any vehicle for transportation to any place, in company with adults charged with or convicted of crime, except in the presence of a proper official. 1905-760.

273c. All fines, penalties, and forfeitures imposed and collected under the provisions of the five preceeding sections, or under the provisions of any law relating to, or affecting, children, in every case where the prosecution is instituted or conducted by a society incorporated under the laws of this state for the prevention of cruelty to children, inure to such society in aid of the purposes for which it was incorporated. 1905-760.

273d. When, upon examination before a court or magistrate, it appears that any child under the age of sixteen years has been found begging, whether actually begging or under the pretext of selling anything, or wandering and not having any settled place of abode, or proper guardianship, or visible means of subsistance; or destitute, or frequenting the company of reputed thieves, or prostitutes or houses of prostitution or assignation, dance-houses, concert-saloons, theatres, or places where spirituous liquors are sold; or engaged in business, exhibition, or vocation mentioned in section two hundred and seventy two; or in the custody of any person convicted of a criminal assault upon it; the court or magistrate may, when it deems it expedient for the welfare of such child, commit it to an orphan asylum, society for the prevention of cruelty to children, or other charitable institution, or make such other disposition thereof as now is or may hereafter be provided by law in cases of vagrant, truant, disorderly, pauper, or destitute children. 1905-760.

273e. Every telephone, special delivery company or association, and every other corporation or person engaged in the delivery of packages, letters, notes, messages, or other matter, and every manager, superintendent, or other agent of such person, corporation, or association, who sends any minor in the employ or under the control of any such person, corporation, association, or agent, to the keeper of any house of prostitution, variety theatre, or other place of questionable repute, or to any person connected with or any inmate of, such house, theatre, or other place, or who permits such minor to enter such house, theatre, or other place, is guilty of a disdemeanor. 1905-760.

273f. Any person, whether as parent, guardian, employer, or otherwise, and any firm or corporation, who as an employer or otherwise, shall send, direct, or cause to be sent or directed to any saloon, gambling-house, house of prostitution, or other immoral place, any minor under the age of eighteen, is guilty of a misdemeanor. 1907-566.

273g. Any person who in the presence of any child indulges in any degrading, lewd, immoral or vicious habits or practices, or who is habitually drunk in the presence of any child in his care, custody or control, is guilty of a misdemeanor. 1907-756.

273h. In all prosecutions under the provisions of either section 270 or section 270a, or section 2700, or section 271, or section 271a of this code where a conviction is had and sentence of imprisonment in the county jail is imposed, the court may direct that the person so convicted shall be compelled to work upon the public roads or highways, or any other public work, in the county where such conviction is had, during the term of such sentence. And it shall be the duty of the board of supervisors of the county where such conviction and sentence are had and where such work is performed by a person under sentence to the county jail, to allow and order the payment out of any fund available to the wife, or to the guardian, or the custodian of a child or children, or to an organization, or to an individual appointed by the court as trustee, at the end of each calendar month, for the support of such wife, child or children, a sum not to exceed one and fifty one-hundredths dollars for each day's work of such person.

1911-688.

275. Submitting, Etc.

274. Every person who provides, supplies, or administers to any pregnant woman, or procures any such woman to take any medicine, drug, or substance, or uses or employs any instrument or other means whatever, with intent thereby to procure the miscarriage of such women, unless the same is necessary to preserve her life, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison not less than two nor more than five years.

275. Every woman who solicits of any person any medicine, drug, or substance whatever, and takes the same, or who submits to any operation, or to the use of any means whatever, with intent thereby to procure a miscarriage, unless the same is necessary to preserve her life, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison not less than one nor more than five years.

CHAPTER IV.

Child Stealing.

278. Child stealing, what and how punished.

278. Every person who maliciously, forcibly, or fraudulently takes or entices away any minor child with intent to detain and conceal such child from its parent, guardian, or other person having the lawful charge of such child, is punishable by imprisonment in the state prison not exceeding twenty years. 1901-269.

CHAPTER V.

Bigamy, Incest, and the Crime against Nature.

281. Bigamy, defined.

282. Exceptions.

283. Punishment of bigamy.

284. Marrying husband or wife of another.

285. Incest, how punished. 286. Crimes against nature. 287. Penetration sufficient. 288. Injuring Children, etc. 288a. Sex perversion, etc.

281. Every person having a husband or wife living, who maries any other person, except in the cases specified in the next section, is guilty of bigamy.

282. The last section does not extend

1. To any person by reason of any former marriage, whose husband or wife by such marriage has been absent for five successive years without being known to such person within that time to be living; nor,

2. To any person by reason of any former marriage which has been pronounced void, annulled, or dissolved by the judgment of a competent court.

283. Bigamy is punishable by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars and by imprisonment in the state prison not exceeding ten years. 1905-245.

284. Every person who knowingly and willfully marries the husband or wife of another, in any case in which such husband or wife would be punishable under the provisions of this chapter, is punishable by a fine not less than five thousand dollars, or by imprisonment in the state prison not exceeding ten years.

1905-245.