cause it is not unrewarded. Labour then, for the first time, becomes a sacrament and a psalm, and life glides on in the happy round of duties which all bring their own sweet reward. Sorrow is chastened in some degree by hope, and even present distress finds the tools are left with which it may yet work out its pathway among the difficult hills. CHAPTER III. THE PHYSIQUE AND MORALE OF A GREAT CITY. PROLOGUE OF QUOTATIONS. "There is no law, no principle based on past experience, which may not be overthrown in a moment by the arising of a new condition, or the invention of a new material; and the most rational if not the only mode of averting the danger of an utter dissolution of all that is systematic and consistent in our practice, or of ancient authority in our judgment, is to cease for a little while our endeavours to deal with the multiplying hosts of particular abuses, restraints, or acquirements; and endeavour to determine as the guides of every efforts, some constant, general, and irrefragable laws of right; laws which, based upon man's nature, not upon his knowledge, may pos sess so far the unchangeableness of the one, as that neither the increase nor imperfection of the other may be able to assault or invalidate them." JOHN RUSKIN,-"Seven Lamps of Architecture," "In times past great minds led a host, and gave their names to the regions that had been opened or conquered under their guidance. But now it seems task enough if we can bring ourselves to contem plate with serenity, and to comprehend the giddy tossings-the reeling to and fro-of the social system. In presence of these vast and ominous convulsions, what is the pulpit, or the press even, or what the consultations of good men in committee? They are little more than what the very same means of influence would be, if opposed to the storm-borne swell of the Atlantic! Ominous convulsions we may call them, and yet are they not auspicious?” ISAAC TAYLOR.-"Loyola." CHAPTER III. Hive of Bees and Drop of Water-Varieties of Life-Curious Views of Great Cities in the Olden Time-Sites of Cities-Wordsworth -Cities and Human ProgressLuxury of Nature Opposed to their Growth-Asiatic Life-Freedom of Grecian Commerce-Holland-English Manufactures - Modern Political Economy-Importance of the Restoration of Confidence between Employers and Employed-Illustrative Anecdotes Importance of Education-Density of PopulationQuotation from Colton-Natural Theology of a Great City-Psychological Views of the City-Evils-Its Vanity-Scepticism-Independence-Dogmatism-Ease of Mental Transmission-Advantage of Condensed Population-Features of London-Liverpool-ManchesterCircumstances of Physical Misery and DeteriorationFever Bill of Glasgow-Light-House Accommodation John Milton-Growth of Populations Unexpected-Comparisons-Rome-Tyre-Necessity for Attention to the Evils of Cities-The Spirit of the Age. Two things, I make no doubt, thou and I, my friend, have both looked upon with some considerable interest-a hive of bees; we took good care to contemplate it at a distance-we heard the roar and the buzz within the hive. Perhaps, if looking through a glass hive, you saw the great business-transactions of the waxen city what a noisy crowding in and out at the gate what a tumult; the carriers regularly returning to deposit their produce in the cell of that municipia; the unladen wings starting off |