hardened into a species of rough papier maché. They are stated to be twice as strong as earthenware pipes, while very much lighter.

In a recent letter from Munich to the Athenæum there occurs the following respecting certain new mirrors invented by Baron Liebig :-" I had the pleasure, a few days since, of seeing my face reflected in some of the silver mirrors invented by Liebig, in which silver is substituted for quicksilver. After seeing one's self in Liebig's new glasses, if one forgets one's self, one does not forget the reflexion. They throw out such clear light, that you see yourself from the further end of the room, with as much distinctness as if you were standing close, --and when one is newly hung up against the wall, it seems like an additional window. I know not whether science in England has pronounced herself on them or not, favourably or unfavourably; but here I have heard of no objections on the score of higher price or less durability, and I have seen sufficiently good results. A lady said, it was quite a pleasure to look at herself in them, and I believe if they were hung up in rooms, they would afford a capital excuse for people looking oftener into the glass than now."

ART-NOTES OF THE MONTH.

BRITISH.

OBITUARY.

Died on the 3rd of October, at his residence, "El Retiro," Campden-hill, Kensington, Alfred Edward Chalon, R.A., aged eighty, the most strictly fashionable of British portrait painters since Lawrence; far the reverse of a great painter, but a real painter nevertheless, born with the true faculty of seeing and representing, and a sparkling ease, now quaintly naïf, now showing off its airs. His latest pictures evidenced no decay: among his serious subjects, the most eminent perhaps is Knox Reproving the Courtiers of the Queen of Scots. Mr. Chalon, who was of Swiss extraction, was elected into the Academy in 1816; he leaves a large collection of water-colours and sketches, which will be sold by

auction.

Died on the 5th October, at Ostend, Matthew Uzielli, aged fifty-four; known in almost every recent enterprise where art has had to appeal to capital, and especially in the Manchester Exhibition. His pictures, articles of vertù, etc., are to be sold.

EXHIBITIONS.

The exhibition of the day in London is still Mr. Holman Hunt's Finding of the Saviour in the Temple; the success of this single smallish-sized picture, in enduring from the summer season, through the dead season, and into the ensuing winter season, being a signal tribute to the "right man,' when once he has made his opportunity.

Mr. Jones Barker's picture, the Relief of Lucknow, has migrated to Hayward and Leggatt's gallery, Cornhill. Lord Clyde has been repainted from actual sittings; as well as Sir John Inglis, Brigadier Russell, and others; and some other portraits are added.

The National Portrait Gallery has recently acquired a small life-sized oil-figure on panel of Queen Elizabeth's Leicester; a James I., by Van Somer, aged thirty-five; and a full-length Sir Robert Cecil, afterwards Earl of Salisbury, aged thirtynine (A.D. 1602). These are all men who should be there; still more so Queen Elizabeth herself, of whom a miniature by Hilliard, at the age of thirty-eight, has also been obtained, and will probably be hung by the time this reaches the reader.

The Polytechnic Institution has been re-opened, with various features of fine art, including dissolving views from Sicily and Italy by Messrs. Prout and Hine, and a display of that curious and ingenious process, Collins's electro-printing blocks, for enlarging and diminishing all kinds of drawings and engravings.

The Exhibition of the Birmingham Society of Artists contains Maclise's Christmas in the Olden Time, and works by Webster and other men of name. At Brighton an exhibition of paintings and water colours, chiefly by local artists, to the number of nearly three hundred, opened in October in the Pavilion.

The Liverpool Academy has awarded its prize this year to the picture of Mr. Faed; a concession to expediency which

may almost be deemed a desertion of principle on the part of this Pre-Raffaelitically disposed body. The Society of Art of the same town has bestowed its chief prize upon Mr. Solomon's Drowned, Drowned; although a work of much higher tone, the Death of à Becket of Mr. Cross, received an equal number of votes from the public.

SCULPTURE.

Marochetti's Cour de Lion, modelled and cast in bronze under the baron's immediate superintendence, has been set up midway between the peers' entrance to the houses of parlia ment and the end of Westminster Hall. The pedestal is of granite, about eight feet six inches high, with two panels apparently destined to receive bronze rilievi.

The statue of Honour distributing Wreaths has been placed on the summit of the Guards' Monument in Waterlooplace, which seems to be drawing towards completion. inappropriately placed statue of Jenner,-the monument to It is contemplated to remove from Trafalgar-square the Havelock being one of the earliest destined for the same site; and the removal of Charles I. from Charing Cross is again mooted, on account of the increasing necessity for continuing the Strand to St. James's Park.

ARCHITECTURE.

Bottomless are the barbarisms of "restoration." It is fast

destroying, one after one, the noblest buildings on the continent; and in our own islands, though less inveterate and wholesale, is hardly less dull. Hexham Abbey Church, than which England boasts few more interesting or excellent monuments, has been restored by Mr. Dobson, and was lately re-opened. Various details of the restoration are of course right; such as the substitution of benches for pews, the removal of whitewash from columns, etc. Others sound plausible, and may be assumed to be correct; such as the return to the style of the original great window, which had been replaced some thirty years ago by one of geometrical style. Others, again, are mere wanton silliness or mischief.. Why deface the Lady Chapel ? and why, above all, remove the old Saxon Frith-stool, well-nigh unique, into the north transept from its proper place in the chancel near the altar, where it stood for those of old who sought sanctuary? The only possible response comes from the lips of Ignorance, “I didn't know why it was there, and supposed it would do as well any. where else."

Designs for the Sharpe window at Doncaster have been invited from M. Gérente and others.

The sum realized for the Peacock Memorial, £3,565, is proposed to be spent on further adornments of Ely Cathedral. Mr. Scott has made a design for the restoration of the lantern, including a lofty spire; and the lower part of this work is now in hand.

The restoration of Christ Church, Hants, is progressing under the direction of Mr. Ferrey, and we trust that the favourable reports made of it may prove to be well founded. It seems reasonable that the groining of the north grand. porch should have been "faithfully restored," along with several of the windows, etc.; and that it should be proposed to re-expose the old timber roof of the lantern by removing the flat ceiling.

Messrs. Powell and Son have executed designs, which I know to be most admirable, by Mr. E. Burne Jones, for the window of the dining-hall of Bradfield College, Reading: Adam tilling the Ground, the Confusion of Tongues at Babel, and the Meeting of Solomon with the Queen of Sheba ; illustrating respectively, and very appropriately, the first preparation of human food, the subjection of building enterprise ta God, and the social meeting of great souls.

Mr. J. R. Clayton has undertaken a painting of the Crucifixion on the east wall of the chapel at All Saints' Home, Margaret-street. The same meritorious artist is connected with a church upon which Mr. Street is engaged in Gardenstreet, Westminster; and which is to contain a fresco by Mr. Watts, and stained glass, and chancel and roof decorations, by Messrs. Clayton and Bell.

The authorities of the South Kensington Museum are no longer willing to provide space for the valuable Architectural Museum," unless the collection and its management

are wholly made over to themselves. There may be good reason for this, but the hitch looks awkward. Mr Scott, the architect, on the part of the Architectural Museum, objects

to the terms.

PUBLIC BUILDINGS.

The works at the National Gallery for carrying out Capt. Fowke's plan of alteration are proceeding vigorously under the hands of Messrs. Cubitt and Co., and the direction of Mr. Pennethorne. The entrance-hall has been unroofed, and a considerable portion of the back walls demolished.

The Graphic Society has presented a parqueterie floor for the Flaxman Hall in University College, and sunlights for lighting it.

Various schemes are afloat for architecturizing the circular reservoir in Hyde Park, close to Park-lane. One proposal is to place there the Waterloo Vase, now in the National Gallery.

The old riding-school and stable adjoining Buckingham Palace have been furbished up. A group by Theed, beyond the size of life, of Hercules taming the Mares of Diomedes, is set in the tympanum.

SOCIETIES.

The Society for the Encouragement of the Fine Arts, a body which has seemed hitherto somewhat vague and objectless, has done itself credit by presenting its silver medal for historical painting to Mr. Simeon Solomon, for his excellent little picture of the Mother of Moses, exhibited this year at the Royal Academy.

A project is started for establishing a "North London Gallery, Museum, and School of Art, in connexion with the South Kensington Museum."

The Liverpool art-bodies to which I have before referred, the Academy and the Society, have been prominent for some years past in the ranks of provincial art. Their rivalry proves mutually destructive. The secretary of the Society, Mr. Blount, has now expressed in the Liverpool Albion his con, viction that the town cannot support both bodies, and proposes an union,-which would manifestly be the right course if it can be managed without a compromise of worthy aims on either

side.

At the meeting of the Royal Institute of British Architects on the 5th November, Mr. Tite offered an annual prize of £10 10s., in either money or books, for the best set of sketches or suggestions in the Italian style, adapted to modern wants in churches, offices, railway termini, etc. "Of course," writes Mr. Tite, "by Italian I mean the architecture of Palladio, Sansovino, Vignola, Inigo Jones, Sir Christopher Wren, Perrault, etc." I should never have suspected Mr. Tite of meaning anything else: such an Italian style as that of Giotto, Orcagna, et hoc genus omne, is "of course" not worthy to be taken into account.

PICTURE SALES.

A collection of water-colours, sold by Messrs. Foster on the 19th November, was noticeable for the under-named specimens:-Turner: Mount Sinai; the Bridge of Sighs; View of London from Battersea, a large drawing of the same style as the Edinburgh; and some early examples. Wm. Hunt: Rustic Courtship; a Lady seated; a Girl at a Cottage Door; Sunday Morning. Roberts: various Spanish architectural drawings. Lewis: an oriental Donkey-Driver; a pen-and-ink sketch of Zumalacarregui.

The important trade collection of Mr. Wallis was sold on the 16th and 17th November, by Messrs. Christie, Manson, and Woods. It contained the following:-Etty: Innocence; Head of a Venetian Nobleman, singularly like a work of the fine Venetian period in style. Cope: Lear tended by Cordelia. Reynolds: Portrait of Miss Reynolds, the artist's sister, interesting for family likeness, and very fine as art, with a pale luminosity somewhat Rembrandt-like (bought by Mr. Norton, for the very small sum of 41 guineas). Turner: The Burning of the Houses of Parliament (675 guineas, White). Maclise: Bohemian Gipsies (670 guineas, Agnew). Poole: Job and the Messengers. Lianell: David Slaying the Lion.

On the premises of the same auctioneers there is also, as I write, and may perhaps remain for some while to come, a large and really noble Tintoret, in the finest preservation

which might now be secured for the National Gallery at a price quite insignificant in comparison with the merits of the work, £400. It belongs to Sir Culling Eardley, and represents Venus and Vulcan, or some such subject, not very interesting in itself, but alive with the Venetian genius and glory.

BOOKS.

The Half-Hour Lectures on the History and Practice of the Fine and Ornamental Arts, by Mr. W. B. Scott, mentioned in the last number as forthcoming, is known to me as a comprehensive manual, capable of really assisting the student, and written by a man who can grasp his subject, not merely "talk it over."

That wondrous painter, poet, and seer, William Blake, is at last to have his life written in full,-the task being undertaken by a gentleman who has already proved to the public his capacity for art biography.

FOREIGN. EXHIBITIONS.

A grand exhibition of Italian pictures is appointed for Florence next summer; in aid of which, the principal Italian cities are to contribute large sums of money.

A "Lutherian Museum," collected by an inhabitant of Halberstadt, has, by order of the Prince Regent of Prussia, been purchased for 3,000 thalers (about £445), and transferred, according to the late owner's wish, to Wittemburg, where it is to remain for permanent exhibition in Luther's own house. It comprises thirty-four paintings of Luther, his wife, and various contemporaries (many of these are by Kranach, including the reformer and his wife in the first year of their marriage, which remained in his own family till 1720); nearly seven thousand portraits in portfolios, of contemporaries, among whom are Luther's family; about two thousand autographs; and two hundred and ninety-four medals in honour of Luther and his friends. Surely a good bargain this, and a public benefit.

In Paris an exhibition of the works of the admirable

Decamps is contemplated: a small, modern, out-of-doors picture of his has already been presented to the Louvre,-not one of his salient works, but fit to indicate his power.

SCULPTURE.

The marble bust of Alexander von Humboldt, by David d'Angers, has been purchased for the Louvre at an auction in Berlin for 7,500 francs.

The casting of Rogers' two doors for the Capitol of Washington was completed towards the end of October in the great bronze foundry in Munich. They tell in compartments the history of Columbus, with niched busts of his biographers, and statues of men connected with him.

The bronze statue of the agriculturist Thaer, designed by Rauch, and modelled by Herr Hugo Hagen, was unveiled in Berlin on the 5th of November.

A curious rumour comes from a remote district in San

Domingo. It purports that a bust of Nelson has been discovered there on a fetish altar, where it had been worshipped all this while as a god.

ARCHITECTURE.

The building of Lille Cathedral is reported to have made. small progress as yet. The prize, it may be remembered, was carried off in an European competition by our countryman, Mr. Burges; but "put not thy trust in committees,"-the erection is in the hands of foreigners. A new open competition" is now announced for an opera house in Vienna.

The traditions of the old papal palace in Avignon are not to go wholly for nothing: in default of a pope, the archbishop of the see is to inhabit it, and the soldiers for whose barrack it now serves are under notice to quit.

"Restoration" again! Being in Lucca lately, I was told, by a person likely enough to be well informed, that the entire front of the glorious old Lombard-Gothic church of San Michele, with inlet frieze-groups of huntsmen, beasts, nondescripts, etc. etc., such as Ruskin says are not to be found elsewhere in Europe, save in the cathedral of the same city, is to be pulled down, and a modern fac-simile of it (quite as "similar" as death to life) to be rp in its stead.

1X7 W POSSETTI.

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