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without a licence, and several acts of assembly which invest this Court with the control of Tavern Licences, and which prescribe certain regulations for the Government of Innkeepers-constitute the whole armour of fensive and defensive with which Courts and Juries are sent forth to arrest the march of Intemperance. In the use of these means, they are bound by every consideration of duty and of interest to be vigilant and active. It is especially the duty of the Court, to exercise great caution in the granting of Licenses, to check their increase, and as far as is consistent with justice to individuals to diminish their number-to listen with attention to every complaint of irregular conduct, and promptly to visit each instance of irregularity with its appropriate discipline.-From this vigorous co-operation of Courts and Juries considerable benefit to the public may reasonably be expected certainly enough to kindle the ardour of all concerned in the administration of justice. But still the benefit like the means must of necessity be partial-it must be confined to the vindication of external decency-it cannot reach that radical disease in the moral constitution of the community, which has been so properly styled the parent of all crimes. The unassisted arm of law-the mere force of punishment have utterly failed-they must ever fail to check the evil. In defiance of these, it has continued to extend with portentous rapidity-multiplying its victims in a ratio far exceeding the increase of our population until a question has arisen of serious urgency-whether our country henceforth shall be really free-or shall yield to a despotism which while, it subdues her energies and exacts an enormous tribute of her wealth, is annually conducting thousands of her citizens to an ignominious grave

`Reflecting men-are not without reason, alarmed at the prospect before us. The morals of the nationthe stability of our institutions-the character of the republic-are all in jeopardy. Were we told that an invader had landed on our coast, or that a malignant pestilence was "walking in darkness" through the streets of our city-we should have no stronger reason for serious apprehension. Search for a moment the statistics of Intemperance-take the census of its acknowledged bondsmen--make out the yearly bill of its mortality bid your poor rates and madhouses and Penitentiaries deliver their testimony-call over the Court roll-and inspect the tenantry of the Grave-gather from these sources-materials for a history of all the desolation it has carried into families of all the corruption it has spread through society-and answer then, whether sword and pestilence, do not dwindle by comparison into visitations of mercy-whether the cry of humanity —and the demand of patriotism be not unanimous for a remedy-instant and radical. For such a remedy you will search our statute books in vain. But in the same books you will find it recorded-that this poison tree intemperance-this mortal upas-which corrupts the atmosphere, was planted by the permission at least, if not under the sanction and protection of law, and that only for the removal of some truant branch which may shoot too wildly from the parent trunk, are Courts and Juries permitted to interfere. If you would lay the axe to the root of the tree, you must ascend beyond the source whence Courts and Juries derive their power-and invoke that highest and only absolute of all earthly tribunals, public opinion. You must enlist the whole thought and feeling and influence of the temperate in the cause -you must frown upon intemperance in all its ap proaches-you must make it disgraceful in all its degrees-you must restrain what is micalled the temperate use of ardent spirits-and then though there be little hope that the drunkard from habit will turn from his wickedness and live-it will be almost certain that no temperate man will turn from his soberness and die.

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probated. But is there no intemperance without intoxication? Is there no deadly fever without delirium?— The intemperance of this nation has arisen and grown under the express licence of that public opinion, which meddles not with the victim till he is hopelessly lost-and then cries out at the horror of his end-which sees with indifference the temperate man enter the atmosphere of contagion-which sees him receive the poison into his blood-and countenances the deed, nay, which smiles upon the social'spirit and manly freedom, from which it is supposed to originate. In other words, to take the first steps in the way of intemperance, to advance farther and farther towards its end, to be in the habitual use of the very means, and to throw open the door to the very temptation by which every wretch that has filled a drunkard's grave was originally ruined, is sanctioned by the current thought and feeling of the community. It is not until habitual indulgence has proceeded to intemperance and intemperance to drunkenness; it is not until the infection long burning in the veins, has burst forth upon the surface, till the body bloats- the speech faulters, and the brain raves, it is not until every faculty of reason, every trace of the Creator's image has been obliterated, and a brutal and degraded instinct which craves for drink, has become the only rule of conduct, the only motive to action, that public opinion expresses its disgust. If it would operate with advantage it must take its stand where intemperance begins, if it would speak with effect, it must address its denunciations to those, who have yet ears to hear, hearts to feel, minds to comprehend, and freedom to obey. It must erect its barriers in front of the pathway that leads to ruin, it must cry aloud at the entering of the gate, and warn the passenger to beware of the danger.

In this view of the subject, certain recent associations for the promotion of temperance, which are rapidly extending, and will probably soon be established in every section of the country, are observed with great interest, by statesmen, philanthropists and judges. By no other agency can public opinion be properly arrayed, or its force be brought successfully into action, because none other is proportioned to the object desired. The power of truth, persuasion, example and reproof, which these Societies wield, is the only one suited to the nature of our institutions, or which a free people can be expected to tolerate. Experience thus far speaks much for their efficacy, so much that when we look at the vast magnitude of the undertaking, and the comparatively small means with which it was begun— when we examine the testimonies which the wise and the eminent are every day bearing as well to the success as to the benevolence of the cause-when we estimate the interest already kindled, and the acknowledged results already attained, we are justified in recommending these institutions, as the most potent of all antidotes for the prevention of crime, and therefore as the most valuable of all auxiliaries to the power of law, we are authorised to hope, that their influence in the order of providence may become so universal as to relieve this nation from its peculiar curse, that their principles and their practice may be visibly interposed, like the high priest with his censer, "between the living and the dead,” and that the "plague will be stayed.”

The present term of this Court, has more than usual interest from the circumstance, that the new Penal Code of Pennsylvania, which prescribes solitary confinement at hard labour for the more aggravated offences within our jurisdiction, has gone into operation since the close of the last session.

The Criminal Code of this Commonwealth, even in infancy, was remarkable for its exemption from cruel and sanguinary enactments, as well as for the introduction of a system of discipline combining at once strictBut we are asked is not public opinion already array-ness and humanity, and guarding against the evils of idleed against the sin of Intemperance No: absolute drunk-ness by the novel introduction of labour into prisons, and enness-beastly intoxication is indeed universally re- by compelling the inmates to earn their maintenance.

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The signal advantages which arose from this measure at-ishment which the wisdom of the làwgiver has yet detracted great attention at a subsequent period, and vised. While they acknowledge that failures have occaused its adoption in other communities. It was ob- curred in some cases, the result is attributed not to the vious, however, that the two great objects of all penal system itself, but to obvious defects in its administration jurisprudence, the prevention of crime and the reforma--and finally they challenge the production of an intion of offenders, could not be accomplished while pro stance where, with suitable precautions, the system has miscuous intercourse among the convicts was allowed, not effected all that its advocates demanded. an intercourse which divests punishment of its terrors, Such are the sentiments of a large number of our most destroys every remnant of principle and of slame, pre- respectable and intelligent citizens, whose long expecludes the hope of repentance or reformation, and redu- rience, valuable opportunities of observation, and unces all the inmates of a prison to a common standard of questioned benevolence of purpose, entitle them to incurable depravity. Humanity and policy alike de- great influence over public opinion. Such are the docmanded some alteration in a system which not only fail-trines whose correctness or eiror will be unanswerably ed in suppressing offences, but was also the cause of a established, by the practical operation of the new Penmore wide-spread contamination. The necessity of a itentiary for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Canradical change was demonstrated to our citizens by dor and courtesy to the advocates of the system—justice the “Philadelphia Society for alleviating the mis- to ourselves, to the reputation of the Commonwealtheries of Public Prisons," the first association es. and to the whole class of culprits, equally require that tablished in Christendom for the benevolent and impor- the experiment be fully, patiently, and impartially tried, tant purpose of ameliorating prison discipline.- that the respectable and public spirited gentlemen bavby their arguments the legislature abolished the ing charge of the institution, should receive from public system of promiscuous associations which bad bith- sentiment that just and effective support; that kindness erto prevailed in the jail of this city, and for the purpose of construction, both as to their motives and their aco of more effectually separating the convicts, authorised tions, for which the wisest and the best, when strugthe construction of cells in which to test the efficacy of gling with the difficulties of a new undertaking, bave solitary confinement. These and many other improve constant occasion. For our own part we cherish a sanments then introduced, constituted the celebrated Pen- guine hope, that this change in our penal regulations itentiary System of Pennsylvania, the practical effects of will be eininently successful. We entertaiu no doubt which in diminishing offences attracted the notice of that it is a decided improvement on former practice; and philanthropists in other states and in Europe, where our we believe that, though it should not realize immediatesystem was approved and imitated. After a few years, ly the expectations of it promoters, it must develope however, of unprecedented and astonishing success, this so many latent springs, and afford such opportunities institution began gradually to decline, from the impossi- of useful experiment, that our code of punishments may bility of enforcing the necessary discipline, in an edifice finally be brought to a degree of perfection correspondinadequate to the number of convicts it contained. The ing with the advances this conntry has made in other rapid decrease of its efficiency for some years past, has departments of government and law. created alarm and led to inquiry. As a place of con- The Court, gentlemen, having now concluded their finement it seems to have lost all its terror, and even to remarks, the individual who has spoken as their organ, have been invested with some attractions, for the crimi- begs leave to add a single observation. nal and the dissolute. It has become a school of instruc- He has felt strongly the embarrassment of bis situation for juvenile offenders, where every thing may be tion 10 day, and would gladly have omitted the business learned, from the first rudiments of vice to the highest of instructing others, while he himself, as to the pracpoint of perfection in crime. The convict leaves its tice of his office, is yet a pupil. For his conduct on this walls, not only unreformed, but fixed in his determina- bench he has no pledge to give, but that which is retion ever after to depredale on that society whose inflic. corded in his oath of fidelity to the Constitution and the tions have deprived him of all taste for honest industry, Law. If he has formed resolutions for the government and obliterated every motive to a virtuous life.

of his conduct-if he has erected for himself a slandard These miserable consequences are attributed not to of excellence, or a mark for ambition, let their charac. mismanagement in the Inspectors or Keepers of the Pen- ter be judged by the fruits they may produce. Ifa. itentiary, but to that constant intercourse among prison- mong these fruits shall be numbered an industrious and ers by night and day, which, within an edifice of moder- upright discharge of duty—a resolute disregard of all ate extent crowded to excess with all kinds of culprits, consequences merely personal -patience in hearing cannot be avoided. It is thought, therefore, that a sys- and caution in deciding-courtesy to the bar, and become tem of separate confinement, united with employment ing deference to the opinion of his associates—though he and religious instruction, will go far to reach the root of may have established no title to praise-he will claim the evil-that the contamination of bad precept, and indulgence at the hands of the public. bad example will be prevented—that shame and remorse, unchecked by ridicule, may produce repentance

INFANT SCHOOLS. --that even stern impenitence may yield to the voice of kindness, and the precepts of religion when they fall in The attention of the public is invited to the following whispers on the solitude of a dungeon—that those in statement of facts relative to the Infant School Society whose hearts no reform may be effected, will yet be in- of the city of Philadelphia. This Society was organized duced to amend their conduct, by durable impressions in May 1827. Since that period, three schools for white, of the severity of punishment-and that the sufferings and one for coloured children, have been opened, and and example of all, will be a general warning to deter are now under its care. Several hundred infants are others from imitating their offences.

daily gathered into these nurseries of virtue. It is preThese theoretical opinions in favour of the “Pennsyl- sumed to be unnecessary at this time to descant on the vania System of Prison Discipline, are supported, as merits of this charity; a visit to these scbools, and an ex. its advocates allege, by that unerring test of the value of amination of the system of instruction there adopted, all institutions, long and varied experience. They aver will not fail to recommend it to the patronage of those that the problem has been solved, not only in the closet who desire to see a moral, thinking people,rising around of the philanthropist, but in the existing discipline of them. The annual expense of each school is not less numerous prisons in yarious parts of Christendom-pris- than five hundred dollars, making an aggregate of two ons in which offenders of every age and of every degree thousand dollars. The number of annual subscribers to are confined, with the same unvarying result, a more ex- the general fund is three hundred and eighty-three, protensive reformation of the convict, and a more salutary ducing an annual income of

$766 00 operation on Society, than has followed any other pun. Proceeds from stock,

58 48

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1829.]

MISCELLANEOUS.

175

METEOROLOGICAL TABLE,

According to Fahrenheit, in the shade, the temperature of the weather at Mauch Chunk was as follows du ring the time specified.

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This total of nine hundred and twenty seven dollars and forty eight cents, presents the state of the funds of this interesting institution. A few legacies have been left to this society, which it is to be regretted, have caused several individuals to withdraw their support. It is but just to mention that the liberality of those who have so kindly remembered this institution, is to be enjoyed in future. The monies thus bequeathed are no present emolument. It is therefore respectfully urged upon this community to take the subject of Infant Education, in all its bearings, into serious consideration, which, it is believed, will result in the liberal support of these schools Subscriptions and donations are respectfully solicited. Treasurer's residence, No. 357 Market-street. The location of the schools is as follows:School No. 1, Thirteenth

street, near Vine.

School No.2, College Avenue,10th st. above Chestnut.

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School No. 3, Spruce-street, No. 20.

Visiters admitted

14

Colored School, Gaskill-st. No 60.

on Wednesday

15

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234567

UNIVERSITY.

18

19

20

21

22

23

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Depth of Rain, inches.

1.67

.92

.93

.15

.40

$56

.21

.55

31

58

73

The subjoined inscription was found on a scroll en-
closed in the corner stone of the College (University of
The ink has faded-so
Pennsylvania) in Ninth street.

much indeed, that the writing is almost illegible.
"The Congress of the United States having resolved
to hold their sessions in the city of Philadelphia, a tem-
porary provision for the accommodation of the Presi-
dent was made by the Corporation of the city, consist-
ing of-Mayor, Samuel Poweil; Recorder, Alexander
Wilcocks; Aldermen, Samuel Miles, John Barclay, Mat-
thew Clarkson, John Nixon, Joseph Swift, George Ro-
berts, Francis Hopkinson, Hilary Baker, Wm. Colliday,
John Baker, Gunning Bedford, John M. Nesbitt, Rey-
nold Keen, and Joseph Ball, Esquires:-and the Gene-
ral Assembly of the state of Pennsylvania granted mo- the
ney to purchase a lot and erect buildings suitable for
the President. The following gentlemen were appoin-
ted commissioners to fulfil the intention of the law, who
voluntarily offered their services without expense to the
public-

"Richard Wells, Francis Gurney, John Hiltzheimer." "This phial is handed to posterity as an experiment of duration; May, 1792.”

The following is the notice of the ceremony of laying the corner stone-copied from the American Daily Advertiser of the 16th May, 1792:

On Tuesday last the Governor of this state laid the corner stone of the President's house in 9th street. The following inscription is on the stone:

This corner stone was laid
on the 10th day of May, 1792.
The state of Pennsylvania out of debt;
Thomas Mifflin, Governor."

We believe that of all the persons named upon the scroll, as well as the Governor who laid the stone, not one is now living to witness the demolition of the building, which they probably supposed would exist for centuries: but which in fact has remained for only 37 years.

Large flocks of wild pigeons have, within a few days, passed over the Fair Mount Dam. Some of these flocks are described by the spectators as having been two or three miles long.

Between 5 and 7-1854 is the number of degrees of
Thermometer during the month.

Days.

1854-31-59 add before 6.
2343-31-75 add at Noon.
2213-31-51 add at Sunset.

3) 205

68 add mean average per day, during

the month of August.
The quantity of Rain that fell-Inches, 5.73.

A gentleman near the Falls of Schuylkill set out this spring a number of slips of vine, two of which have actually produced a bunch of grapes each. In few seasons, we believe, have vegetation been so rapid as in the present.

We were presented last week, says the Chester Record, by Mr. Embree, of West Bradford, with an Apple, weighing one pound and a fourth. We presume there will not be found its equal in the country, for size and appearance.

The West-Chester Republican of Tuesday last says, we had the pleasure a few days ago of examining the production of a single grain of wheat, cultivated on the farm of Mr. Robinson Walker, of West-Bradford township, Chester county. There were one hundred and eleven stems, each bearing a head, containing in all 4083 grains, weighing five ounces thirty-two grains.

176

YORK, (PA.) SEPTEMBER 8. We saw, last week, a squash measuring two feet five inches, and weighing twenty-seven pounds, which was produced on the farm of Mr. George Small, near this borough.

EARLY FROST.-Friday morning last there was considerable frost in the meadows and low grounds in this vicinity.

HYDROGEN PLATINA LAMP.` The Hydrogen Platina Lamp, now manufactured in this city, is a very ingenious contrivance for obtaining The follight; and, in addition, is a pretty ornament. lowing description may convey some idea of the instru

ment:

A glass vase six or seven inches high, and three or
four inches diameter, painted and ornamented at plea-
sure, is covered with a brass lid; in the middle of this
lid is a valve worked by a spring lever, and covered
with a cap or nose, having a very fine puncture. A glass
tube, about an inch in diameter, and long enough to
reach nearly to the bottom of the vase, is affixed to
the centre of the underside of the lid. In this tube
a lump of zinc is suspended by a wire from the top.
The vase is partly filled with sulphuric acid, diluted
When the lid is
with three parts of rain water.
placed on, and the tube of the zinc of course immersed
in the acid, gas is generated in the tube, which, on the
opening of the valve, rushes through she small punc-
ture aboye mentioned. This stream of gas is directed
against a piece of spunge platina, half the size of a pea,
suspended in the center of a brass thimble. The gas
ignites the platina to a bright red heat, and thus ignites
itself, and continues so long as the supply of gass is kept
up, and the valve kept open A piece of common pa:
per will take fire on being applied to the flame, and
thus fire or light may be communicated to other matters.
Aurora and Penn. Gaz.

COAL TRADE.
Shipments of Coal from Mount Carbon to Philadel-
Tons.
phia:

Week ending 5th inst. 78 boats carrying 2,105
42,494
Per last report, 1584

do

Committee for the Children's Asylum.
Thomas P. Cope, No. 36 North Fourth street.
John Hemphill, No. 114 South Third street.
John Keefe, No. 9 Federal street, near Front.
Jesse R. Burden, No. 231 South Third Street.

Physician of the Children's Asylum.

Matthew Anderson, N. W. corner of Christian and 2d st.
Committee on the Small-Fox Hospital.
James S. Spencer, John Kessler, Jun. & Thomas Earp.
Physician of the Small-Pox Hospital.
William D. Brinckle, No. 5 Palmyra Square.
The Visiters are,
For the City.
Edward Parker, No. 14 North Eighth street.
Jacob Fitler, North Fourth street, first above Tammany.
For the District of Southwark.
James Keefe, No. 7 Federal street, near Front-office
Commissioners' Hall, (S.)

For the Northern Liberties.
Samuel Kuen, No. 401 North Third street,above Coate's

street.

For Kensington District.
Peter Day, Marlborough above Queen street.
For the unincorporated part of the NorthernLiberties.
Joseph Peirson, near Rose-hill, on New Front st. road.
For Penn Township.

Christian B. Merkel, Wood street, near Thirteenth.
Attending Surgeons and Physicians.
William Gibson, No. 254 Walnut street.
William E. Horner, No. 263 Chesnut street.
John Rhea Barton, No. 194 Chesnut street.
Richard Harlan, SW corner of George and Ninth street.
Nathaniel Chapman, No 9 York Row.
Samuel Jackson, SW corner George and Eighth street.
Hugh L. Hodge, No. 180 Walnut street.
Samuel G. Morton, SW corner of Arch and Eleventh st
Henry Neill, No. 112 Spruce street.
Benjamin Ellis, No. 30 N. Ninth st.
Out-door Physicians.
City.

Obstetrical

Department.

South Eastern District-Harper Walton, SE corner of
Second and Pine street.

South Western District-D. C. Skerrett, No. 135 south
Tenth street.

Total, 1662 44,594 Mauch Chunk, Total, 302 boats, carrying 10,484 tons.

POOR ESTABLISHMENT FOR 1829.
The Board of Guardians consists of the following
members, viz: For the City.

Thomas P. Cope, President, No. 36 North Fourth street.
John Hemphill, Treasurer, No. 114 South Third street.
Matthew L. Bevan, No. 222 Mulberry street.
Abraham L. Pennock, No. 4 South Twelfth street.
Thomas Rogers, No. 411 Mulberry street.
Thomas Earp, No. 16 Montgomery Square.

For the District of Southwark.

Jesse R. Burden, No. 231 South Third street.
John Keefe, No. 9 Federal street.

For the Northern Liberties.
William Binder, No. 286 North Front street.
John Kessler, Jr. No. 166 Coates street.

Far Kensington District, and the unincorporated part of

the Northern Liberties.

Michael Day, Marlborough, above Queen street (K.)
For Penn Township.
James S. Spencer, No. 13 Palmyra Row.

Secretary Samuel Hazard, in 12th, third door below

Cherry.

Solicitor-John M. Scott, Esq. No. 148 Chesnut street. Collector of Debts, &c.-James Altemus, corner of Beaver and Second street, (N.L.)

Out-door Agent--Jacob Fitler, North Fourth street, first
above Tammany.

North Western District-Samuel Stones, NW corner of
Market and Sch. Sixth st.

North Eastern District-O. H. Taylor, Race near Tenth
street.

Southwark.

Western District--D. Francis Condie, No. 138 Catharine street.

Eastern District--Harvey Klapp, No. 302 south Second

street.

Northern Liberties.

Western District-Thomas H. Yardley, Fourth street

below Green.

Eastern District-J. S. Zorns, No. 288 north Second st.
Kensington.

Western District-Isaac Kline, Second street, opposite

Beaver.

Eastern District-A. Helffenstein, Beach opposite the

Market.

Penn Township.
Southern District-James Cox, N. W. corner of Wood
and Lawrence street.

Northern District-John Wiltbank, No. 193 N. Ninth st.
Office of the Secretary, Visiters and Agent, in the
East Wing of the State house. Office hours from 8 till
1 o'clock, and from 3 till sunset.

Printed every SATURDAY MORNING by WILLIAM F.
GEDDES, No. 59 Locust Street, Philadelphia; where, and at
the PUBLICATION OFFICE, IN FRANKLIN PLACE, second
door back of the Post Office, (back room) subscriptions will be
thankfully received. Price FIVE DOLLARS per annum, payable
annually by subscribers residing in or near the city, or where
Other subscribsdae La in advance.
there is an agent.

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DEVOTED TO THE PRESERVATION OF EVERY KIND OF USEFUL INFORMATION RESPECTING THE STATE.

EDITED BY SAMUEL HAZARD.

VOL. IV.-NO. 12. PHILADELPHIA, SEPTEMBER 19, 1829. NO. 90.

IR POSSESSION OF THE AMER. PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.

FROM MANUSCRIPTS

your own advantage and common safety that you be with them upon good terms. We have also the gracious

intention of sending you from Gottenburg, next spring, EARLY SETTLEMENT OF THE SWEDES if it pleases God, one or two vessels with all sorts of proON THE DELAWARE.

visions; and to detail to you more fully our view's The following documents were obtained by permis- 'duct yourself in both cases.

and intentions, according to which you will have to consion of the Swedish Government, by the Hon. Jona- glect no care for the advantage of our service.

We hope that you will ne

Given than Russel, when minister of the United States to the as above. Gabriel Oxenstierna, Gustafson, Jacob de court of Sweden and by him presented to the Ameri- la Gardia, Carl Carlson, Gyldenhielm, Oxel Oxenstie can Philosophical Society in July 1820. The originals

erna, Gabriel Oxenstierna Bengtsson. are in the Swedish language-and there is also a French Lelter which fires the salary for Mr Jost de Bogardt, translation of them, which we have translated for concerning Fort Christina. our present purpose.

Nykoping, January 30, 1640.

We Christina &c. Passport for the vessel which Mr. De Korst and those in

Make known--Our dear and faithful terested with him, intend sending to New Sweden. Jost de Bogardt having taken upon himself and having Given at Nykoping, January 24, 1640.

promised to assist as much as is in his power, by his di

rection and exertions, our subjects at Christina and the We Christina &c. make known that the bearer of this people whom we may send there in future; to employ Captain Jacob Powelson with the vessel under his com- all his care, on the different occasions which present for mand named Fredenburgh, laden with men, cattle and promoting our advantage and that of the crown of Swe: other things necessary for the cultivation of the country, den, as also to instruct us exactly on every occasion in designs departing from Holland to America or the West every thing which it is important we should know; and Indies and there establishing himself in the country cal to execute faithfully our orders. We secure to him, led New Sweden; we therefore beseech respectively for this service with which he is charged an annual and amicably all monarchs and republics or their officers compensation to commence at present, of 500 florins of and servants to whom the said captain may address him. the Empire or 200 Rix Dollars.' These 500 forins or self, and request of them and expressly command our 200 Rix Dollars, shall be every year, fully and without own subjects, to permit freely and without obstacle to failure remitted to his Banker in Holland by our Resipass, the said vessel with all the persons and every oth- dent Spiring, or other charge d'affaires whom we may er thing which may be on board; and according to cir- then bave in Holland. If in future, we have new proofs cumstances to permit him to return to his country; we of the attachment of Mr. Jost de Bogardt and of his zeal promise to act in like manner and as is becoming to oth- to promote our welfare and that of our crown, we proers; our subjects must fulfil our express will. Given un misc by these presents to augment his said annual salary der our Royal seal and countersigned respectively with 100 forins of the Empire and morcover according to cir: the proper hand of onr Guardians and administrators of cumstances to recompense him in a royal manner.the Kingdom of Sweden-day and year above written. Such is the design of this letter.

Gabriel Oxenstierna, Gustafsson, Jacob de La Gar- Given day and year as above. dia, Carl Carlson, Gyldenhielm, Oxel Oxenstierna.

Gabriel Oxenstierna, Gustafson, Jacob de la Gardia Gabriel Oxenstierna Bengtsson.

Carl Carlson, Gyldenhielm. Besides this pasport, we have also forwarded two oth

Oxel Oxenstierna, Gabriel Oxenstierna, Bengtsson. ers in which we have left a blank for the names of the captains and their vessels.

Obligation (counterpart) given by the aforesaid Jost Bogardt

Nykoping, January 1640 To the Commandant or Commissary and other Inhab

The very powerful &c princess Christina &c my very itants of Fort Christina in New Sweden-concerning dift- gracious Queen and Lady having given me the undererent things.

signed a place in her service in the country of New Swe

den, I promise and engage hy this instrument to be faith, Nykoping, January, 24, 1640. ful and subject to her majesiy as a true and faithful serCbristina &c.

vant and subject ought to be; and not only to aid by my To our friends and lieges. We make counsels and actions, the persons who are at fort Chrisknown to you by these presents, that we have granted tina and those also who may hereafter be sent there and permitted to our very dear Gothart de Rehden, Mr. from the kingdom of Sweden, but to employ my De Horst and Fenland &c. to him and those interested exertions to procure, as occasion presents, whatever with him, to send to New Sweden two or three vessels, will be most advantageous to her Majesty and the crown laden with men cattle and other things necessary for of Sweden, and moreover not to suffer any opportunity the cultivation of the country, to establish themselves to pass of sending to Sweden all information which may on the North side of the South River and to there found be useful to her majesty and the crown of Sweden; and a Colony. We announce to you likewise, that we have in this and all other things which her majesty may deign accorded to them a grant and privilege with several to confide to me and order; to fulfil always exactly her other rights. What we exact from you is, that you orders as a faithful subject ought to do-with all the in: place no obstacle to their project, and moreover for telligence and exạctnesss, of which I am capable--the Vol. IV.

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