1829.) EXPORTS OF PHILADELPHIA. 47 73 66 66 544 66 66 66 30 66 lbs EXPORTS Exports, &c.—Continued. ARTICLES. Quantities. Value. Vinegar, value Earthen and stone ware, 252 Produce and Manufacture of the United States. Manufactured glass, 2298 ARTICLES. T'in, 176 Quantities. |_Value. Jewellery, 1852 Dried fish, qtis 674 $ 1977 180 Pickled fish, bbls 114 Floor cloth, 260 Sperm oil, gals 1120 Whale oil, 117 43 3705 Sperm candles, lbs 12,632 3322 1050 Staves and heading, M. of 29 All other manufactured mdze. 63 2899 1124 1302 Other lumber, value Oak bark, &c. 17,591 All other manufac's of wood, 1345 Produce and Manufacture of Foreign Countries. Tar and pitch, - bbls 960 2354 Rosin and turpentine, Claret, in cases, gals 835 $1171 Beef, 3242 640 } 4790 Tallow, lbs 763 Spirits from grain, 14,486 S 1847 Butter, other than grain, 20,606 218 194 3643 Cheese, 20,971 62,010 hyson and young hyson, “ 35,768 30,636 Hams, 4319 lbs 14,351 12,268 imp'l, gunpd'r & other, Lard, Coffee, 175,281 11,345 Flour, bbls 6215 18,051 Cocoa, 146,273 24,720 1333 Corn, 280 bush 5867 Cassia, 3169 Indian meal, 525 .bbls 3775 2964 Sail duck, 11,167 Rye lbs 5870 33,363 2060 3296 Rye, oats, &c. Indigo, 68 cwt Steel, 300 Biscuit and ship bread 9 420 1024 bush 404 Do. 260 do. Salt, 776 48 Ibs 78 Paper, foolscap, 45 Rice, 368 No. of 210 tierces Demijohns, M. 93 Tobacco, 942 hhds Cigars, 63 2964 lbs Hops, lbs 8867 500 Raw cotton, 70,273 43 Wax, 24,157 5741 Furniture, value $70,655 3992 Total value of specific articles, Coaches, 1270 Hats, 10,669 Ad Valorem Articles. Saddlery, 1459 Beer, porter, ale, &c. gals 550) Do, do. dozen 408 2258 ARTICLES Value. Spirits from grain, gals 4077 Leather, lbs 7215 $ 52 Shoes, 5409 1190 Tallow candles, lbs 8464 Soap, 157,206 21,332 9420 Snuff, 2922 133 Tobacco, 794 776 Linseed oil, gals 2067 Nankeens, 5200 963 249 Spirits turpentine, Silks, in pieces from India, 22,851 Lead, Ibs 941 85 1065 Nails, 2500 175 Clothing, 660 Iron and steel, value 788 Spirits from molasses, gals 1201 536 Duck, - 16 Refined sugar, lbs 2250 Gunpowder, 71,575 12,823 206 All manufactures of copper, value 5132 All manufacture of iron and steel, 1840 Medical drugs, 4110 copper, Printed cottons, 6718 887 White do. 3873 609 All other manufactd cotton, 1341 249 Manufactured flax and hemp, 370 Watches, 150 Clothing, 790 Laces, 39 Combs, 3621 Oil cloth, 94 Brushes, 234 Unenumerated goods, at 124 per cent. 242 Umbrellas, 876 at 15 per cent. 16,570 Leather, skins, &c. 3272 at 20 per cent. 637 Printing press, 264 160 Musical instruments, 900 at 30 per cent. 1825 Books, 756 Paper, 116 Total value of ad valorem articles, $ 76,490 Paints and varnish, 545 ARTICLES. Vaiue. 504,560 152,062 Total Val. 7166 4345 7995 9422 5063 1517 2447 1983 642 4345 68,528 9261 5980 270 1937 Value of Domestic and Foreign Articles Exported to each Country. 8780 Brazilian Ports, $352,498 Free Articles. Mr. Editor:- A meteor of rather singular character made its appearance in the heavens last night, between the hours of eleven and twelve o'clock. As a great number of your readers, owing to the lateness of the hour, had not an opportunity of observing it, I shall enSkins and furs, $ 263 deavour to give some description of it. Dye wood, 3644 It arose apparently from the neighbourhood of the Mahogany, 1050 Schuylkill, and passing over Kensington and the river Delaware, finally disappeared behind the woods of Jer. Total value of free articles, $ 4917 sey. A long trail of light, like that of a shooting star was seen to follow it in the beginning of its ascension; large sparkles separated themselves from it and deRECAPITULATION. scended slowly, were distinctly visible until hidden Total value of domestic produce, &c. $352,498 from view by the tops of the houses. Its motions were Total value of foreign produce, 152,062 rapid, irregular, and wavering, like the fluttering of a kite or the rocking of an air balloon. Its appearance Total value of Exports, 504,562 was of a deep red colour, and remarkably brilliant, seemingly of about half the size of the moon. It arose until it crossed the Delaware; when it appeared but an inconsiderable speck scarcely discernable, and then descended with astonishing velocity until within a short distance of the horizon, where it remained stationary for a few moments. Suddenly it became exceedingly large and brilliant, sparkles again separated from the main body, and descended as before. It soon after Dividends declared for the list six months:- .3 .3 ..3 Milton, Northumberland Co. July 2.We were visited on Sunday morning last, by a terrific storm of wind, rain and hail; since which time the weather has been so cold as to make fires, greatcoats, and all the accompaniments of January very comfortable. NORRISTOWN, June 24. PITTSBURG, June 29. The crops of grain in this county promise a plentiful The Canal.- The water reached the allegheny Locks, harvest. The grass now about being cut down by the on Wednesday last, but, owing to soakage, leakage,and scythe of the muwer, will realize the sanguine anticipa evaporation, not in sufficient quantity to fill the locks tions of the farmer. And the fruit trees, if not injured for the purpose of navigation. Active exertions are maby caterpillars, which in many places have made their king to remove these difficulties, which, on a line of 80 appearar.ce, and commenced iheir work of destruction, miles, were naturally to be expected; and it is confi. will yield an abundance of fruit. dently anticipated that in a very short time the whole Last week, a head of rye, taken from a field in White line of canal from Blairsville to this city will be in good marsh township, which ineasures seven inches long and condition for navigation. There is no feeder for the contains about 100 grains, was left at this office. last 36 miles. Experience will probably show that Deer On Wednesday evening last, we bada severe storm, creek will necessarily have to be used for that purpose. accompanied by vivid flashes of lightning and loud peals On Saturday morning last, the Packet Boat, Gen. Laof thunder. Some time during the evening the lightning cock, left this for Freeport, with a number of the citistruck the gable end of the Presbyterian meeting house zens on board. It arrived here on Sunday morning last, in this borough-broke all the lights in three windows, and departed yesterday. cracked the wall, and did some other trilling injurythe whole expense, we have been informed, will not Large Slates. We mentioned a short time since, that amount to more than 15 or 20 dollars to repair the a large piece of slate had been discovered in this coundamage.--Herald. ty. We had the pleasure of seeing another a few days ago, from Moore township. It is 16 feet in length, 6 in The new Express Line of Post Coaches, between width, and not over 4 inches thick. Easton Argus. this City and Easton, Pa. left Easton at 4 o'clock this morning, arrived in this city at 10 o'clock, performing Printed every SATURDAY MORNING by WILLIAM F. the route in six hours and 30 minutes, which is half an GEDDES, No. 59 Locust Street. Philadelphia; wbere, and at hour less time than the route was ever performed by Joor back of the Post Office, (back room) subseriptions will be the PUBLICATION OFFICE, IN FRANKLIN PLACE, secoud any other line, and from three to six hours earlier than thankfully received. Price FIVE DOLLARS per annum, payable the same route was performed previous to this line be- annually by subscribers residing in or near the city, or where ing established. U, S, Gaz. there is an agent. Other subscribers pay in advance. do Total, Cuba, a THE REGISTER OF PENNSYLVANIA. DEVOTED TO THE PRESERVATION OF EVERY KIND OF USEFUL INFORMATION RESPECTING THE STATE. 73, 74. Neither asses or mules are worked or bred Tea, the same sort of meat and bread, for supper, someamong us. to us. 75 to 82. We have no slaves nor do we boast of an exemption from that which it would be degradation to be subject to. Such a miserable thing as a slave, and such an arrogant thing as the master of a slave are unknown We are all free as the pure unfettered mountain air that we breathe, and we intend to continue so.— Nevertheless, some wretched creatures who have escaped from their masters in the neighboring states occasionally seek refuge here, but they are habitually dishonest and lazy. Not one in a hundred will earn what he eats. They have a repugnance to rural occupations, and notwithstanding their dread of discovery, they resort to the towns and congregate with persons as worthless as themselves. On the whole, one white man raised in the country, is worth, cne year with another, four black men raised in slavery. A white man works as well when his employer is absent as when he is with him, a negro must be eternally goaded to his work. times mush and milk in winter. 94. In summer farmers work from sunrise to sunset, allowing an hour or an hour and an half for breakfast, and the same for dinner. In winter they breakfast by candle light, and join their work at the first dawn of day; they are called to dinner, eat and go to it again. 95, 96. Such a domestic as an English butler is unknown to the Bedford farmers, and servants almost as much so. They adopt the admonition given by Martha Trapbois to Glenvarlock: "The wise man is his own best assistant," and are aware that no man is truly independent who depends on the labour or fidelity of others for his comfort. 97. The wages of maids vary from 50 to 75 cents a week. 98. A few spirited individuals are adopting the use of lime, clover, gypsum, and a more advantageous and less exhausting course of crops. The culture of clover is rapidly increasing. It has been the custom hereto83 to 86, inclusive. The usual wages for a good fore to crop the land as long as it will produce any hand, when boarding and lodging is provided, is from thing, and no means taken to renovate it. This de$5 to $7 per month: If by the day, from 31 to 373 cents. structive system is to be attributed to the peculiar ciWe seldom reap our grain. It is generally cradled.cumstances of the country. Bedford has been princiThe cradler gets 75 or 80 cents a day, the raker half as much, and the binder the same as a raker. Grain is seldom cut by the acre. It has been done in a few instances and then the workmen got $1 25 per acre for wheat, rye and oats. They housed the grain and found themselves. The wagon and team was provided by the owner. For mowing an acre of meadow grass we pay 40 cents, and for clover not more than 37). But this kind of work is usually done by the day, and then the price varies from 373 to 50 cents per day. 87. Grain is generally threshed with the flail. If the workman is found in boarding and lodging he gets the tenth bushel all round of wheat, rye and oats; if he provides himself he gets the ninth. pally settled by emigrants from Europe, the lower part of this state from Maryland and New Jersey.-They were generally very poor, and had barely the means of reaching here. There were large tracts of unseated lands in all parts of the country, the property of persons living at a distance, some of them in England. On this land the emigrants squatted. They constructed wretched cabins of logs, with clap-board roofs, to shelter their heads from the rigor of the season. The floor sometimes consisted of earth, sometimes of puncheons; a partition was unknown; the single room served the purpose of a kitchen, eating room, work shop, and bed chamber, for the family. Perhaps an equally wretched hovel contained their horse and a cow or a hog. The first year a patch was cleared for potatoes and corn. Next year a field for wheat. The labour of clearing land fit for the plough is prodigious, and to 89. A good hand can cradle four acres of wheat, open a farm of a hundred acres is the work of years.rye or oats, but then he must have his raker and binder Many years must necessarily be passed in painful toil bcafter him. Thus there is but little difference in the ex-fore enough is cleared to maintain a family and keep a pense of reaping and cradling, because a reaper usual- pair of horses. In the mean time the first cleared was ly gets 50 cents, and a cradler 75 or 80 cents, and a worn out. Add to this the perpetual apprehension the cradler will not do much more than three reapers, and squatter is under of being removed by a non-resident never as clean harvested. landholder, from the spot of his affections, the spot where he has struggled and toiled from youth to age, suffering all the privations to which a pioneer of the forest is subject-and we will cease to condemn the bad buildings and bad husbandry of our people. 88. A good hand can reap an acre of wheat in a day. They reap through, bind back and shock in the evening. 90. An acre and an half of meadow land and two acres of clover is a day's work for a scythe. 91, 92. The number of bushels a man can thresh in a day depends on the quality of the crop. If the grain is good about eight bushels of wheat and fifteen bushels of oats. 93. The food of the agricultural labourer, or help, as they are called, is the same as that of their employer.No farmer in Bedford county could get a hireling if he made any distinction, and the entire family, maids, men, children, wife and master, eat at the same table. The quality of the fare depends on the circumstances of the VOL. IV. 7 In order that the matter may be rightly understood, it is necessary to take a coup de œil of Pennsylvania te should seem fit, and not immediately of the crown,” the price is $1 25 per acre. There are no United States Penns covenanting to extinguish the Indian title. The lands in Pennsylvania. The United States owned a tenures under Penn bave therefore been said to be by a tract on Lake Erie, including Presque Isle, which was kind of rent service. A complete title consists in a war- not deemed to have been conveyed to Penn by Charles; rant, survey, patent and possession, and then the allo- and by deed dated March 3, 1792, the United States, for dium is in the purchaser. the consideration of $151,640 25, conveyed the Lake In the early settlement of our state, bodies of forest Erie tract to Pennsylvania, and thus extinguished the land were taken up by companies and individuals on claim of the general government to lands within this speculation, who neier contemplated settlement or im- Commonwea'ih forever: provement, but who purchased with a view of holding The public lands of this Commonwealth formerly be. them until a rise in the price would pay them a heavy longed to the Penn family under the charter of Charles; interest on their capital.' This speculation business has but i 1779 the Assembly by act, made for that purretarded the population of Pennsylvania more than any pose, divested them of the lands, and vested them in other local cause. Some lands in this county, surveyed the commonwealth, and abolished quit-rents, reserving in 1763, are yet a wilderness. to the Penns, the proprietary tenths or manors then acAs the castern part of the state became more thickly tually surveyed and their private estates. To the lands settled, and lands became difficult to acquire, the poor thus divested the United States never had any claim er farmers moved out back; that is, to the west, and Had the Penns continued to possess Pennsylvania, they finding uncultivated lands without a claimant they would at this time have been the richest family in the squatted on them, erected temporary buildings & began world. to raise grain. These were joined by emigrants from 101. Every landholder lives by the sweat of his brow. the adjoining states and from Europe, and in process of 103. There is a bank here, or the ghost of a bank.time became a numerous and formidable body of men. It has been endeavouring to wind up its concerns for When the proprietors discovered the intruders, they several years. brought suits in ejectment against them. In some in- 104. It is hazardous to attempt to establish the comstances the squatters took leases and became tenants; in parative fertility of soil in the eastern and western states. other cases they held out and plead to the declaration; The corn on Lake Champlain appeared to me not worth relying on defect of title in the plaintiffs, or on a pos. raising. In some parts of New York it is as good as in session of 21 years. An actual, adverse bona fide, un- Pennsylvania. I have heard it said in Lancasier county interrupted possession of 21 years, without the shadow by experienced farmers, that one year with another 25 of written title, will cut out the best office title in Penn- bushels shelled corn was a good yield; and Lancaster sylvania. Actual settlement and improvement liave at is proverbial in Pennsylvania for fertility of soil and exall times been peculiar favorites of the legislature, of cellence of tillage. It is not uncommon on the Ohio, courts and juries, and where non-residents brought suit Mississippi, Missouri and their tributary streams, to against actual settlers, if a flaw could be picked in the raise 75 bushels shelled corn to the acre. An aged fartitle the plaintiffs were mulct in costs. However, the mer, on what is called the American bottom, in Illinois, title generally was good, and the squatters aware that told me, that having raised corn on the same land for nothing short of 21 years' possession could protect them, 30 consecutive years, he tried a corner of it in wheat, expended nothing in improvement, and scalped the and it grew rank, taller than a man's head, moulded and land. This is one cause of the absence of good hus- produced no grain. Maurice Birkbeck estimated the bandry in Bedford. produce of corn at English prairie at 50 bushels per Again, tenants leasing from year to year have no in-acre. In Louisiana they raise two crops of corn in a ducement to erect costly and permanent buildings, or year. The Ma-ta-po-ný bottoms in Virginia approaches sow artificial grasses, because there is no certainty of the fertility of western lands. There are, however, their enjoying the benefit of their labour. Those two large tracts of barrens in the western states, particularly causes produce a wretched state of agriculture, the on the Grande Rivier la Plaille. Were I to venture a poverty of farmers, the absence of education and polite guces, I should say the best lands on the Missouri and Mississippi produce twice as much as the best lands in Those obstructions to every thing desirable are di- Pennsylvania, east of the mountains, provided no manure minishing. Titles are becoming better ascertained, or other artificial means are used to produce a crop, the suits in ejectment are fewer, and the landlords desirous plough and hoe excepted. of selling and giving the preference to the tenants, and 106. J have made some inquiries respecting the promaking the payments favourable. In justice to the non portion of births to marriages. The following is the residents, it ought to be observed, that with one solitary result of inquiries made of twenty of my neighbours, taexception, I have never known a tenant treated with se- ken promiscuously as opportunity offered, and without verity, but every indulgence has been extended to making any selection, excepting only families the hearls them to enable them to pay their rent, or the purchase of which were not above the middle age. Many of them moncy if they have contracted for the land. We may have not arrived at the age of forty. In cases where the fairly hope to see Bedford from this time forward pro- women are old and past child-bearing, I have affixed the gressing as rapidly in agricultural improvement as she letter 0; where there is a probability of their having is in population. more children they are marked B. it is impossible in 99. Very little advancement has been made in im- our country to answer the rest of the query. provement of stock, because too much dependence is No. 1, 10 B. No. 11, 9 B. placed in the woods for pasture, and the policy of the 2, 8 0. 12, 10 0. general government possesses no stability; white oak 3, 10 0. 13, 30. leaves and hickory buds never make good cattle. Peo 4, 8 B. 14, 9 B. ple must sow more clover, and plough less, before they 5, 6 B. 15, 9 can raise good stock; & they must have more confidence 6, 9 B. 16, 7 O. in the government, before they will go to the expense 7, 8 B. 17, 12 0. of purchasing the improved breeds. The improved 8, 15 18, 10 B. breed of bogs from Chester county has been introdu 9, 17 0. 19, 15 ced, and Merino sheep, but the extent of the latter is lim 10, 11 0. 20, 17 0. ited. Our cattle are little better than highland stags. 100. The price of unlocated lands, bought of the gov. Total number of births, 203 ernment of Pennsylvania, is at present $26 67 per 100 The result is 10 3.20 to a marriage, which is truly asacres. It has varied at different periods, having been tonishing anıl cannot hold throughout the state. I am 50 shillings currency per 100 acres. much inclined to rely on the estimate of Dr. Franklin, In states where the United States possess lands the manners. B. 0. 0. 1 829.) ANTHONY WAYNE. 51 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR OF which was 8 to a marriage. It is certain the proportion place of the marsh, and to rake and enfilade any column of births to marriages is greater in thinly setileil coun- which might be advancing from either of those points tries than in cities and more densely populated districts. towards the fort. In addition to these defences, severTHOMAS B. McELWEE. al vessels of war were stationed in the river, so as, in a considerable degree, to command the ground at the foot of the hill." MAJOR GENERAL ANTIIONY WAYNE. It is to be hoped that the following correspondence (From the Casket.) relative to the reduction of this formidable post, will be ( Continued from page 38. ) perused with pleasure, by all who are charmed with reOn the 21st June, the Commander in chief tbus ad- hersals of gallantry, and acts of humanity in the “battle dressed General Wayne. storm.” Smiths in the Clove, June 21st, 1779. To Brigadier Gen. Wayne. Dear Sir, New Windsor, July 1st, 1779. I request that you will join the army as Sir,-Having appointed you to the command of the soon as you can. I wrote you upon this subject before Light Infantry of the line, you will immediately repair we marched from Middlebrook. But as you have not to that part of it, consisting of four battalions, now comarrived, it is probable my letter has miscarried, or that manded by Colonel Richard Butler, which is in the viit did not come to band until very lately. cinity of Fort Montgomery, and take the command.I am, dear Sir, with great regard, The infantry of the other divisions is not yet organized, Your most obedient servant. but it will be done as soon as possible, and the whole GEORGE WASHINGTON. drawn together as far as the circumstances of the serGENERAL WAYNE. vice will permit. His excellency's conjecture, as to the miscarriage of The principal object of your present station is, to his first letter, was corsect; by an autograph of General oppose any movements of the enemy against the forts; Wayne's on the back of the last letter, the former was 'or which purpose you will exert yourself to gain an acnever received. curate knowledge of the scene of action, all the possiThe General in obedience to the call, immediately ble landing places and approaches, to the forts and to proceeded to Head Quarters. It appears from a letter your corps, with every advantageous spot for giving the addressed to his family, that neither himself nor waiter most effectual opposition. You will make such dispoenjoyed an hour's sleep until their arrival at camp. sition as appears to you best calculated to answer these Marshall, in his life of Washington, says:—“The im- purposes, and to gain the earliest information of the moveportance of the posts of King's ferry has been already ments and designs of the enemy. To this end, you will enremarked. The inconveniency resulting from ther be deavour to engage trusty persons, to go within the ene. ing in possession of the British, furnish strong motives, my's lines as spies;& I will enable you to reward them for for endeavouring to recover them, but there were oth their risk and trouble-but in doing this I need not re. ers of decisive influences which stimulated the com- mind you of the necessity of economy, and the greatest mander in chief to the attempt. caution to prevent imposition. The enterprise if successful, would have a great ef- If at any time you see a favourable opportunity for fect on the future operations of the campaign, particu- striking an advantageous stroke, you have my permis. larly in recalling the troops employed in laying waste sion for improving it, as I rely upon your prudence, the country, and burning the towns on the coast. Nor that you will under take nothing without sufficient proswas it unworthy of regard, that a real necessity seemed pect of success, and unless the advantages to be obtainto exist of doing something to satisfy the public ed will compensate the risk to be run. When you have expectation, and to reconcile the people to that de- any prospeci of consequence,& circumstances will permit, fensive system which the state of the army rendered you will please to communicate it to me, previous to unavoidable, and to that apparent inactivity which was execution. You will find in the hands of Colonel Butimposed on him by the real necessity of his situation. ler a map of this country, taken from actual survey, In his original plan was comprehended a double at which is for the use of the commanding officer of the tack, to be made at the same time on both sides of the Infantry. Colonel Butler will also communicate to you river. But the difficulty of a perfect co-operation of the instructions he has received, which contain my different detachments, incapable of communicating ideas more in detail. ***** with each other, and the apprehension that some ac- It is to be regretted that time or accident has removcident might defeat the enterprise against Stony Point, ed the closing paragraph of the above letter of instrucwhich was the principal object to be gained, and was tions, but it is probably supplied by the following conbelieved to lead certainly to the possession of Verplank's, fidential letter of the Commander in chief, on the same determined him to postpone the less valuable acquisition, subject. This is an autograph, as nearly all others from and to make that part of the plan dependant on the suc- his Excellency to General Wayne actually are:cess of the first. His whole attention was therefore turn- Dear Sir,--Herewith you will be pleased to receive ed to the surprise of Stony Point, and the corps destin- general instructions for your conduct. This you will ed for their critical service proceeded on it as against considler as private and confidential. The importance a single object. To General Wayne, who commanded of the two posts of Verplank's and Stony point, to the the Light Infantry of the army, 'the execution of the enemy, is too obvious to need explanation. We ought, plan was entrusted." if possible, to dispossess them. I recommend it to your "Stony Point,” says the same writer, “is a command particular attention, without delay, to gain as exing hill projecting far into the Hudson, which wash-act knowledge as you can of the number of the gares three-fourths of its base. The remaining fourth is, risons; the state of the creeks that surround the former; in a great measure, covered by a deep marsh, com: the nature of the ground in the vicinity of both; the posimencing near the river on the upper side, and continu- tion and strength of the fortifications; the situation of ing into it below. Over this marsh there is only one the guards; the number and stations of the vessels in the crossing place. But at its junction with the river is a river, and the precautions in general which the enemy sandy beach, passable at low water. On the summit of employ for their security. this hill was erected the fort, which was furnished with a It is a matter which I have much at heart, to make sufficient number of heavy pieces of ordnance. some attempt upon these posts, in the present state of Several breastworks and strong batteries were advanc- the garrisons, and before the enemy commence any ed in front of the principal work, and about half way other operations, if warranted by a probability of sucdown the hill were two rows of abbattis. The batteries cess. were calculated to command the beach and the crossing! I must entreat your best endeavours to acquire the ne |