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ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
SOME PRINCIPLES OF COMMERCE AND AN AMERICAN
TRADE POLICY
A. THE PRINCIPLE OF THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONS
B. THE HISTORY OF AMERICAN COMMERCE
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2
5
C. THE EFFECTS OF THE WAR, PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY
D. THE PROSPECT IN INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE.
E. THE DIFFICULTIES TO OVERCOME
(i) The psychology of victory.
(ii) Depreciated exchange.
(iii) Credit for commerce.
F. THE IMMEDIATE NEED-EXTENSION OF CREDITS TO Ex-
(i) Europe's need for credit.
(ii) The supply of credit.
(a) Short term credit.
(b) Long term credit.
(1) Government advances.
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(2) Indirect government aid-the War Finance Cor-
poration.
(3) Private means.
(c) The essentials of an acceptable foreign security.
G. THE REORGANIZATION OF INTERNATIONAL CREDIT
(a) The free movement of gold.
(b) The extended use of the commercial bill of exchange.
(c) Cooperation in international investment.
(d) An International Reserve Board.
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Some European proposals-inflation and the transfer of
debt.
H. AN AMERICAN FOREIGN TRADE POLICY.
(i) Lessons from the economic rise of Germany.
(ii) The long range program.
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I. THOUGHTS ON COMMERCE AND POLITICS
(i) Nationalism vs. internationalism in modern history.
(ii) International commerce and peace.
(a) Economic equilibrium.
(b) The economic organization of peace.
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(c) Some non-economic aspects of the maintenance of peace.
(1) The limitation of sovereignty.
(2) The ethics of the limitation of sovereignty.
(3) Is the present economic order bankrupt?
CHAPTER II
NATIONALISM AND INTERNATIONALISM IN COMMERCE
A. COMMERCE BEFORE AND DURING THE WAR
(i) Pre-war conditions.
(a) Distribution of the world's resources.
Cereals and food products, textiles, rubber, metals and
minerals, olives and oil seeds, fuel.
(b) The reciprocal needs of nations.
United States, United Kingdom, France, Russia.
(c) The freedom of commerce.
Germany's export trade, 1909, 1913.
(2) Germany's import trade, 1909, 1913.
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(3) Imports from Germany to British India, 1913-4.
(4) Exports to Germany from British India, 1913-4.
(5) Annual statement of sea-borne trade of British
India.
(d) Foreign investments.
Reexport trade.
(ii) The effects of the war.
(a) Increase in the volume of trade.
(1) Price increases.
(b) Changed currents of trade.
Specific countries.
Specific commodities.
Reduction of the transshipment business.
(c) Economic decentralization.
(1) Substitute industries.
(2) New local sources of supply.
(3) Fostering of economic self-sufficiency.
"Compensation" and special trade agreements.
Decentralization of trade and industry.
(d) International economic cooperation.
· (i) International influences in trade.
(a) Pre-war influences.
(b) War-time influences favoring internationalism.
(ii) Economic nationalism vs. economic internationalism.
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(iii) Economic protectionism.
(a) Origin and nature of economic protectionism.
(b) The effects of economic protectionism.
(1) National.
(2) International.
(iv) National economics in Great Britain.
C. AFTER-WAR POLICIES
(i) Economic nationalism.
(a) The boycott.
(1) The Paris Resolutions.
(2) The Balfour Report.
(3) Exports and Imports (temporary control) Act.
(b) Opposition to the boycott.
General.
In Great Britain.
In France.
In United States.
In Germany.
(c) New tariff policies.
(1) Preferences.
Economic independence.
Tariff changes.
(d) The opposition to tariff restrictions.
(e) Anti-alien iaws.
(1) Paris Resolutions and the Balfour Report.
(2) The British Non-ferrous Metal Industry Act.
(3) Other anti-alien measures.
(ii) Economic internationalism.
(a) Some general principles
(b) Policies.
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d. International associations in commerce and
industry.
(2) International economic cooperation during war
time.
a. Allied Maritime Transport Council.
b. The Commission Internationale de Ravitaille-
ment.
C. The Supreme Economic Council.
d. International labor legislation.
(3) Proposed international commissions after the war.
(4) Limited leagues vs. a league of all nations.
(5) The economic organization of international govern-
(c) The spiritual lessons of the war.
CHAPTER III
GREAT BRITAIN
A. THE FACTS CONCERNING BRITISH TRADE
(i) The balance of trade.
(ii)
The effect of increased prices.
(iii) Changes in trade currents.
(iv) Changes in the character of exports and imports.
(v) The control of exports.
B. POLICIES PROPOSED
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(i) Trade promotion.
(a) Cooperation of industries.
(1) Iron and steel industry.
(2) Engineering trades.
(3) Shipbuilding and marine engineering.
(4) Electrical trades.
(5) Textile trades.
(6) Silk, lace, and hosiery.
(b) New trade corporations.
(1) The British Commonwealth Union.
(2) The British Manufacturers Corporation.
(3) British Trade Corporation.
(4) The British-Italian Corporation.
The Levant Company, Limited.
(c) Reorganization of Government departments to promote
trade.
(1) Reorganization of the Board of Trade.
a. The Department of Commerce and Industry.
b. The Department of Public Service and Ad-
ministration.
(2) Creation of the Department of Commercial Intelli-
gence.
(ii) Trade regulation.
(a) Report of trade committees.
(1) The Iron and Steel Trade Committee.
(2) The Engineering Trades Committee.
(3) The Electrical Trades Committee.
(4) The Textile Trades Committee.
(b) The Imperial War Conference.
(c) Imports Control Bill.
(d) Restrictions on aliens.
(e) Tariff and boycott.
C. AN ABSTRACT OF THE BALFOUR REPORT
(i) The scope of the report.
(ii) British trade and industry in 1913.
(iii) Measures to be adopted during the transitional period.
The supply of materials.
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(v) Essential industries.
(vi) The treatment of aliens in respect of commercial and industrial
(a) The distribution of the world's resources.
(b) Germany's need for raw materials.
(c) The need for foreign trade.
(d) Statistics of foreign trade.
(ii) The effects of the War.
(a) Lack of raw materials.
(b) The development of substitutes.
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(c) The loss of Alsace-Lorraine and of the German Colonies.
(d) Changes in the trade balance.
Foreign exchange rates.
The effects on Germany's customers.
(i) Self-Sufficiency vs. international activity.
(ii) Plans for the resumption of trade.
(a) Prospects and problems.
(b) Maintaining the trade balance.
(c) Financial problems.
(iii) Plans for the regulation of trade.
(a) Import monopolies.
(b) Opposition to Government control.
(c) The moderate view.
(iv) Trade promotion policies.
(a) Societies for trade information and trade propaganda.
(b) The Central Institute for Foreign Trade.
(c) Export associations and syndicates.
(d) Chambers of commerce abroad.
The commercial intelligence service.
C. THE GERMAN ATTITUDE ON A POLICY OF EXCLUSION BY THE
ALLIES
(i) The opposition to economic warfare.
(a) The fear of its disastrous effects.
(b) German skepticism about the economic war.
(1) Economic difficulties.
(2) Political difficulties.
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