naming the tree; and the other pupils may guess the name.

Or, take as a subject, "Arbor Day."

What is the purpose of the day? Of what advantage is it to plant trees? (Beauty-shade-usefulness.)

Section 6. Written Composition

Write about camping in the woods. (When? Where? Who? What?)

Or, tell how your school celebrated Arbor Day.

Section 7. Review

Write sentences describing particular plants or flowers, using five descriptive adjectives (or adjectives that describe).

Give four adjectives used to point out the object or objects named. Use them in sentences.

In a sentence use an adjective to express number and one to express quality.

CHAPTER IV

FROM LUMBER-CAMP TO SAWMILL

Section 1. Reading and Discussion

Read Whittier's lines about the life of lumbermen in camp. Describe to the class the series of pictures the poet makes you see.

THE LUMBERMEN

Wildly round our woodland quarters
Sad-voiced Autumn grieves;

Thickly down these swelling waters

Float his fallen leaves.

Through the tall and naked timber,

Column-like and old,

Gleam the sunsets of November,
From their skies of gold.

O'er us, to the Southland heading,
Screams the gray wild-goose;
On the night-frost sounds the treading
Of the brindled moose.

Noiseless creeping, while we're sleeping,

Frost his task-work plies;

Soon, his icy bridges heaping,

Shall our log-piles rise.

When, with sounds of smothered thunder,

On some night of rain,

Lake and river break asunder

Winter's weakened chain,

Down the wild March flood shall bear them
To the sawmill's wheel,

Or where Steam, the slave, shall tear them
With his teeth of steel.

Be it starlight, be it moonlight,

In these vales below,

When the earliest beams of sunlight
Streak the mountain's snow,
Crisps the hoar-frost, keen and early,
To our hurrying feet,

And the forest echoes clearly

All our blows repeat.

JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER.

Section 2. Phrases and Prepositions

I. The paragraph given below for study is a wordpicture of a lumber-camp at night. Inclosed in each pair of brackets are two expressions that mean the same thing. In one of these expressions, the meaning of a noun is modified by a word used as an adjective; in the other, the meaning of the same noun is modified by a group of words, or phrase, used like an adjective.

Read each sentence in two ways, using first one expression in the brackets, then the other. Point out the phrases. Write on the board the first word of each phrase.

SCENE AT NIGHT IN A LUMBER-CAMP

It was a bright, cold

winter night.}

night in winter. Š

The snow

on the ground reflected the light of the full moon. In a clear

ing among the pines stood a roof flew a large-winged owl, {a

cabin of logs.)
log cabin.

an owl with large wings,

perched on the ridge-pole. A

From the

and another was

(horned moose

moose with horns

coming around the corner of the cabin, and a wolf crouched between the two trees near the door. It was looking toward a rabbit that sat by the big sled.

II. The following phrases are also used in the same paragraph:

on the ground

in a clearing

among the pines

between the trees

near the door

on the ridge-pole

Repeat the first word of each phrase. Observe that each of these words is placed before a noun and shows the relation of the object named by the noun to something else. For example: In the phrase, "on the ground," "on" tells where to picture" the snow in relation to "the ground"; in other words, it shows the relation between "ground" and "snow." Read the following sentences filling the blanks:

Among shows where to place the

the pines.

with relation to

Between tells where the wolf crouched in relation to the