his living but limp about a little with a small cart, with which he carried daily the milk-cans of those happier neighbors who owned cattle, away into the town of Antwerp.

A few years later, old Jehan Daas, who had always been a cripple, became so paralyzed with rheumatism that it was impossible for him to go out with the cart any more. Then little Nello, being now grown to his sixth year of age, and knowing the town well from having accompanied his grandfather so many times, took his place beside the cart, and sold the milk and received the coins in exchange, and brought them back to their respective owners with a pretty grace and seriousness which charmed all who beheld him.

The little Ardennois was a beautiful child, with dark, grave, tender eyes, and a lovely bloom upon his face, and fair locks that clustered to his throat; and many an artist sketched the group as it went by him, — the green cart with the brass flagons . . . and the great tawny-colored, massive dog, with his belled harness that chimed cheerily as he went, and the small figure that ran beside him which had little white feet in great wooden shoes, and a soft, grave, innocent, happy face like the little fair children of Rubens.1 LOUISE DE LA RAMÉE.

Look in the dictionary for the pronunciation and meaning of the following words.

Write them on the board, showing the division into syllables and the accented syllable of each. Pronounce the words, and tell what meaning they have in this story.

Find on the map: Belgium, Flanders, Antwerp. How many miles in a "league"? How is the word used in the story?

In the third paragraph, what word might be used instead of the word "save"?

What is a "flagon"? What color is "tawny"? Describe to the class: (1) your picture of Nello; (2) your picture of the dog Patrasche.

Section 2. Uses of Adjectives

I. The adjectives in the columns in this lesson are all used in the story told in Section 1.

Point out the noun or the pronoun to which each adjective gives added meaning. Tell which adds an idea of definite number; indefinite number; amount or quantity; size; shape; color; quality.

II. Write a list of adjectives that describe Pa

trasche by telling how he looked, and what kind of dog he was.

Read your list in class and tell what each adjective shows; as size, shape, color, quality.

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III. Flemish means “of Flanders.”

An adjective derived from a proper noun should begin with a capital letter.

Opposite each proper noun below is the adjective derived from that noun. Write both words from dictation of either the adjective or the noun.

Europe European Scotland

Scotch

IV. Each and every refer to all of an indefinite number taken separately. Since these words show that the objects are taken separately, or one by one, they are used only with singular nouns. Verbs and pronouns that refer to a noun modified by each or every should be in the singular form.

Write eight sentences, each containing a noun subject modified by one of the following adjectives: much, all, some, few, many, several, every, each. In each sentence, use a personal pronoun referring to the subject..

EXAMPLE: Each pupil has done his best.

Verbs and pronouns that refer to a singular noun should be singular in form; those that refer to a plural noun should be plural.

Either and neither are used to point out one of two objects or groups of objects; they should not be used to point out one of more than two objects or groups of objects. This and that point out one object; these and those point out more than one object.

Therefore, verbs and pronouns that refer to a noun modified by either, neither, this, or that should be in the singular form. Verbs and pronouns that refer to a noun modified by these and those should be in the plural form.

Read the following sentences aloud. Tell of each verb and pronoun whether it is singular or plural, and why the other form would be incorrect.

1. Not one of my five sisters sings.

2. Neither of my two brothers is at home.

3. Either John or his brother rides to school. Each brings his own books.

4. Both learn their lessons.

5. Each pupil may learn the poem he likes best.

6. Neither John nor Mary was excused from the class. 7. Each boy and girl is invited to attend the exhibit. 8. Every boy and girl enjoys a good story.

9. Every man and woman needs friends.

10. Nobody is entirely independent.

11. Either the rose or the lily is my favorite flower. Neither grows well in the dark.

12. These books are mine; those are yours. Please bring them all to me.

13. Each in his own place is best.

14. Either of my two cousins is an agreeable guest: both are charming; neither is tiresome.

15. These boys have offered their services. We thank them, and accept their offer.

Section 3. Conjunctive Pronouns1

I. Read separately the two statements in each of the following sentences from the story, "A Dog of Flanders

1. Nello had a secret which only the big dog knew. 2. Nello had one other friend whom he dearly loved. 3. This other friend was little Alois, who lived at the old red mill.

4. He painted pictures of this pretty child, whose home he passed every day.

5. She was the only child that he knew.

Point out the word in each sentence that connects the two statements. Each of these words is also used

instead of a noun.

Give the noun for which each is used. Each is then a pronoun used to connect statements and is therefore called a conjunctive pronoun.1 Who, whose, whom, which, and that may be used as conjunctive pronouns.

II. A conjunctive pronoun may be used as subject, as object, or as a possessive, in the statement which it introduces; or it may be used with a preposition to form a phrase in the statement. The object form of who is whom; its possessive form is whose.

Make a list of the conjunctive pronouns in Exercise I. Which one is used as a subject? Which are used as the objects of verbs? Which is used to show possession? Rearranging the words in the second statement of each sentence may help you to see

1 If preferred, the term relative pronoun may be used instead of conjunctive pronoun.