by survivors it appears that the Carolina was in latitude 37° 59′, longitude 72°, when brought to by shell fire, and her captain ordered to get all hands into the boats as soon as possible, as the ship was to be sunk. Twelve boats were lowered, filled without confusion or panic, and when all were clear of the ship, she was sunk by shell fire. Eight of the boats were made fast one behind another; but a thunder storm which had long been brewing soon burst, and fearing they might be crushed, they were cut loose and anchored. About eight o'clock, on Monday morning, a schooner picked them up, and the men, women and children, 244 in number, were safely landed at New York. Boat No. 5, when the ship was abandoned, rowed over to No. 1, a motor-driven life boat, which took it in tow, but when the storm came the tow line parted three times, and No. 5 could not be found in the darkness. The storm, meantime, grew worse and worse, and in the midst of it the motor boat capsized. When at last it was righted, seven of its twenty-six occupants had disappeared. The survivors, in a water-logged boat with an engine that would not work, drifted helplessly about until picked up by a British vessel some twenty-five miles off the Delaware Capes, and brought to Lewes. According to another of the survivors, there were thirty-five in the boat, and nineteen were lost. Boat No. 5, after the tow line parted for the third time, was headed for shore, and about two o'clock on the afternoon of Tuesday, June 4, made the beach at Atlantic City, where its occupants, twenty men and eight women and a girl, were warmly welcomed by the summer throng.

Wednesday, June 5, a Danish steamship entered New York Harbor with eleven men of the crew of the schooner Mengel, sunk on Sunday evening one hundred and seventy-five miles off New York. She was the eleventh victim of the U-boats, for it was now said that at least two, the U-37 and the U-151, were cruising off our coast. Tuesday, June 4, the Norwegian steamship Eidsvold was destroyed, forty miles off the Virginia Capes, and sixty-five off the Maryland coast a submarine, while attacking the French steamship Radioleine, was driven undersea

by the approach of a United States destroyer which rescued two men from the schooner Edward H. Baird, Jr. On the day following, the British steamship Harpathian was sunk, and the crew, after spending twenty-six hours in a boat, was picked up by a steamship and landed at Cape Henry. Fourteen 2 craft had fallen victims to the Hun sea raiders. The fifteenth was the Vinland, a Norwegian schooner destroyed off the Virginia coast on the evening of June 6. Her crew of nineteen men were brought to Cape May by a United States destroyer. The sixteenth was the Pinar del Rio, sunk on the morning of June 8, seventy miles off the Maryland coast. Sixteen of the crew made land in Virginia, after thirty hours in an open boat. A second boat, with the remainder of the crew, was still at sea. The seventeenth was the Norwegian steamship Vindeggen, whose crew were forced to transfer eighty tons of copper ingots to the submarine. The small boats, with the crew, were then taken in tow until the Danish vessel Hendrik Lund was sighted, when they were cut adrift. The crews of both vessels were picked up by a steamer and carried to New York. The steamer Edward Pierce now made port after being under fire from a submarine for three hours, seventy miles off the Virginia coast.

When a week passed without a sinking, it was supposed the U-boat raid was over. But, June 16, the Navy Department announced that the Norwegian bark Samoa, from Buenos Aires, was sunk by gunfire from a German submarine ninety miles off the Virginia coast; that the Norwegian sailing ship Kringsjaa had been destroyed, not far from the spot where the Samoa went down; and that the crew had been picked up by a destroyer.

The raid, it was explained, was nothing more serious than

Schooner Edna, 325 tons; schooner Hattie Dunn, 436 tons; schooner Hauppaug, 1,500 tons; schooner Edward H. Cole, 1,791 tons; schooner Isabel B. Wiley, 776 tons; schooner Jacob M. Haskell, 1,778 tons; steamship Winnieconnie, 1,869 tons; steamship Carolina, 5,039 tons; schooner Edward H. Baird, Jr., 279 tons; tanker Herbert L. Platt, 7,200 tons; steamship Texel; Norwegian steamship Eidsvold; schooner Mengel; British steamship Harpathian, 4,500 tons.

a spectacular play to convince the German people that measures were under way to cut off, at their source, the supply of American men and material. Nothing so far done by the U-boats, it was argued, indicated they were under orders to attack American transports. They had been sinking small and defenseless craft in order to roll up a large number of victims with which to make a great impression at home. No seashore resorts, no cities, were in danger. The shallow water of the coast, south of New York, was a sure protection against the operation of submarines within a short distance of the shore. Blame for these sinkings was laid on the Navy Department. Lack of watchfulness, failure to appreciate the meaning of the Edna case, failure to send out timely warnings, were charged against it. Why, it was asked, were the authorities incredulous of the stories of pursuits, captures, sinkings, constantly brought in by captains and crews? When the captain of the British tanker, Cheyenne, took refuge at Lewes, May 16, and reported firing five shots at a U-boat, a hundred and fifty miles off the coast, why did the Navy Department say he had seen wreckage? When the Edna was towed into port with a hole in her side, why did the Department say there were no signs of enemy war craft off our coast, and that she had been wrecked by a storm? How came it that the captain of the Bristol could say, that so far as he knew no warnings to ships at sea had been sent out by the Government? Where were our submarines, scouts, and destroyers, during the last week of May and the first three days of June? If the presence of these raiders was known, why were our ships permitted to put to sea without warning? The assistant Secretary of the Navy replied, that official notice of danger had been sent out prior to Saturday, June 1, but did not give the exact date. Why the Carolina did not receive the warning was past understanding. That the schooners failed to get it was because they had no wireless apparatus. During a Senate debate on the matter, Senator Lodge, a member of the Senate Naval Committee, defended the Department. The navy had acted as soon as authentic informa

tion of the presence of the submarines was received; had done everything that could be done; would do everything that could be done; and had the means with which to do it. He had gone to the Department, where everything had been laid before such members of the Naval Committee as cared to investigate, and he was entirely satisfied that the defense would be effective. Secretary Daniels explained that the Department could not "take it upon itself to warn all ships against sailing, or to direct ships at sea to return to port, on such information as we had prior to Sunday." Had such a course been followed in the case of every rumor of the presence of U-boats off the coast during the last six months, shipping would have been demoralized. Scarcely a fortnight had passed without somebody reporting having sighted a periscope, and if all ships had been ordered to remain in port our vessels "would have been tied up fast to their piers practically for all the time." Every report had been investigated, "but all proved erroneous, until the events of last Sunday brought indisputable evidence that at last an enemy submersible had come over to make an attack upon such American shipping as could be caught unawares." In a telegram published by the London Times, the Secretary said:

The activities of the German submarines off the American coast have not in any way changed the policy of the Government. The road to France will be kept open for transportation of our troops, and delivery of munitions, and food supplies for our troops, and those of our allies. There will be no weakening of our naval forces in European waters as a result of the new activity on our coast. The country has remained calm in the face of Germany's attempt to bring frightfulness to our doors. In fact, this enemy effort has stimulated récruiting and strengthened the determination of our people to use every resource to defeat the enemy.

Comments of the German press on the sinkings in May and June were cabled to Secretary Lansing, and by his authority made public as amusing examples of the false information the German people were allowed to receive. One journal described us as trembling with fear of attacks from the air; declared the

hour was near when our ports might be bombarded by German cannon, and asserted that the sudden appearance of the submarines off our coast "must be a presage of impending calamity"; and that the Government was "trying to conceal its concern." Another asserted that the transportation of American troops, and supplies, to France would be cut off at the very time they were most needed. "Our submarines are delivering decisive blows to French hopes by checking the delivery of American soldiers and supplies. No threat of increased war spirit can prevent us from continuing the submarine attacks, and Germany may wait patiently and confidently for future submarine activity on the American coast." They had only made a beginning. "The real work of the submarines begins when the Atlantic is filled with ships assembled by America. Germany possesses submarine cruisers which can cross the ocean, and then will occur scenes which will make the marrow in Wilson's bones turn cold."

Neutrals did not think so. The National Zeitung, published at Basle, Switzerland, believed Germany would pay a heavy price for the submarine attack, and said: "The submarine campaign on the American coast will, like all other similar undertakings, end in disappointment on the part of the undertakers. American hatred will be increased, and the war against Germany will now become a matter of personal importance for every American. It is very doubtful if the attack will really serve German military interests, and not result merely in a momentary advantage for which too high a price must be paid later. This naturally is beyond the comprehension of German military leaders and people. Immediate results will be innumerable American volunteers. A wave of hysterical fanaticism, an increased thirst for revenge, will sweep America and easily counterbalance the advantage of the attack for Germany." The Cologne Gazette rejoiced that Germany was making use of her war power to "show the friends of humanity in their homeland what war looks like, and what it means. U-boats first visited the American coasts for peaceful com

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